To optimize the aging treatment parameters and explore the strengthening and toughing mechanism of aging treatment, the effects of single-stage aging treatment on the microstructure evolution of 6082 extruded aluminum alloy profiles were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results show that the aging treatment can effectively reduce the residual stress stored during the extrusion deformation process. The crystalline grain grows slightly with average size increased from 7.02 μm to 9.80 μm. The average crystalline grain boundary angle is decreased from 25.51° to 16.06°, and the low angle grain boundary ratio is markedly increased from 47.91% to 67.47%. The aging treatment can significantly change the grain distribution in the {100} and {110} directions of the crystalline grain, which remarkably enhances the texture of the sample in the {100} and {110} directions. These changes are conducive to the improvement of the performance of 6082 aluminum alloy extruded profiles.

In driver assistance systems of lane departure warning， prevention and lane keeping, to solve the problems of incapable estimating the curvature in traditional linear model and enormous computing work in curve fitting method, an innovative curvature estimation method was proposed based on linear model with global description in lane markings and with line fitting to candidate points of far end.According to abundant candidate points with Hough transformation of linear detection, the lane detection and curvature estimation were robustly achieved by the proposed method. The road curvature estimation method was validated by a real vehicle test with GPS. The results show that the proposed method has good curvature estimation accuracy with real time capability.

The influence of track irregularity on vehicle body vibration was investigated to evaluate the vibration situation of vehicle body and analyze the stability level. A mechanical model for vertical vehicle body vibration was established to introduce motive differential equations. The track power spectrum in vertical space domain was transferred into the spectrum in timefrequency domain to establish 3D model of vehicle body by Pro/E software and wheelrail model by SIMPACK. The train simulation model was also introduced by SIMPACK. The vertical vibration response of the vehicle body was calcuated with height irregularity as excitation function. Based on the vehicle response, the stability level of travelling vehicle was evaluated in time domain, and the composition of vehicle vibration acceleration power spectral density was analyzed in frequency domain. Referred Chinese standard of train stability, the performance grade of train stability and vibration were proposed.

For 7 degree of freedom (DOF) manipulator which has redundant DOF, traditional numerical algorithm based on optimal Jacobean Matrix has some obvious cons. The numerical algorithm just provides one possible solution which can not fully use the redundancy feature of the 7DOF manipulator.A new additional constraint which named elbow angle was proposed besides traditional pos matrix constraint. According to these 7 dimension constraint, a new analytical solving of inverse kinematics model for 7DOF manipulator was deduced to obtain redundant solution. In the simulation, pos control of manipulator end effector and aiming control were achieved based on this algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate high accuracy, fast computation and application value of this algorithm.

Experimental system for desulphurization was applied to test the SO2 concentration variation after the lime droplets were charged. The mass transfer rate, gas phase transfer coefficient, liquid phase mass transfer coefficient, gas phase overall mass transfer coefficient and enhancement factor were calculated respectively in different lime charged conditions. The results show that in the case of fixed n（ Ca）/ n （ S）, the SO2 removal efficiency and the absorbing rate increase whereas the enhancement factor decrea- ses with higher inlet concentration of SO2. When the concentration is fixed, increasing the lime-gas ratio below critical point can improve both the removal efficiency and absorbing rate; above that, the former increases but the latter decreases. It is concluded that both the absorbing rate and enhancement factor are improved when the droplets are charged.
 

The design processes and methods of eccentric-noncircular gear transmission mechanism were introduced in detail.Based on the geometric model of eccentric-noncircular gear  and section-curve closed condition， the design program and the profile of the eccentric-noncircular gear were realized by VB software to conduct 3D modeling，assembly and simulation. The fatigue strength was analyzed on the fracture phenomenon of noncircular gear.Through the stress analysis, the maximum stress of meshing transmission parts in the process of eccentric noncircular gear transplanting mechanism was deduced.To discuss the reason of noncircular gear failure and provide measures to avoid the failure, the material composition of powder-metallurgy gear and the processing technology were analyzed.

To solve the problem of serious heat generating during the discharge of electric vehicle, the heating conditions of battery with different discharge rates were investigated. An accurate model of the battery heating was established. The internal resistance experiments were conducted at different temperatures using dense temperature range. The influence of  temperature on internal resistance of battery was discussed to verify the changing regularity of battery internal resistance with temperature. The three-dimensional model of single battery was established by CATIA and imported into ICEM to divide the mesh. Under the premise of grid quality, the thermal field of lithium battery was analyzed by FLUENT software. The battery heating conditions were simulated for different discharge rates and verified by experiment. The results show that the discharge rate has great influence on temperature rise of battery, and the battery temperature is rised faster and higher at high discharge rate.

Samples with center crack, single side crack and two sides crack were analyzed by FRANC2D to compare calculation methods for three stress intensity factors based on displacement correlation method, virtual crack closure integral method and J-integral method, and three crack propagation criterions of maximum circumferential stress, maximum strain energy and minimum strain energy density. The results show that calculation precision of J-integral method and virtual crack closure integral method are superior to displacement correlation method. Two types of calculation error of J-integral method and virtual crack closure integral method decrease with crack propagation, while that of displacement correlation method increases. Calculation velocity and precision of maximum circumferential stress criterion and minimum strain energy density criterion are prior to maximum strain energy release rate criterion. Calculation time and angle error of maximum strain energy release rate criterion is larger than that of other two criterions.

Relationships between relative dynamic elasticity modulus and concrete mechanical properties of peak tensile stress, peak compressive stress, peak tensile strain, peak compressive strain, ultimate compressive strain and initial tensile elastic modulus were investigated after freezethaw cycles. Samples of C20, C30, C40 and C50, undergone 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 freezethaw cycles, were subjected to uniaxial tensile experiments. Samples of C20, undergone 0, 25, 50 and 75 freezethaw cycles, were subjected to compressive experiments. Based on the test results, calculation formulas were obtained by regression. The results show that as relative dynamic elasticity modulus reduces, peak tensile stress, peak compressive stress and peak tensile strain decrease gradually, while peak compressive strain and ultimate compressive strain increase gradually.

To solve the disadvantages of highlatency, poorscalability and unguaranteed network access to all nodes of existing Zigbee sensor network simulation systems based on OPNET network simulator, a new improved simulation system was proposed. MAC layer protocol process model and wireless channel model of IEEE802.15.4 protocol provided by OPNET simulation development platform were adopted to design a network layer protocol and routing algorithm compatible with Zigbee protocol. A network process model embedded routing function was also established. The model structure and implementation methods of kernel functions were given to compare with Zigbee own model. The properties of network access consumption and endtoend time delay were analyzed to achieve some useful experiences during the procedure of constructing models. The results show that at different network scales, the improved Zigbee simulation system has small network control overheads, low endtoend delay, good scalability and essential router nodes. The proposed simulation system is suitable for sensor networks in industrial monitoring field.

To investigate the influence of heat capacity under low temperatures of transitional and environmental friendly polyurethane foam on thermal insulating equipment design, an adiabatic calorimeter was set up. A series of measures were adopted to decrease the heat leakage to maximum extent. With the calorimeter, the specific heat capacities of PU foams blown with CFC-11, HCFC-141b and HFC-245fa were measured respectively in the temperature range from 60 K to ambient condition. The results show that the specific heat capacities increase with the increasing of temperature. For the same blowing agent, the specific heat capacity increases when the density increases, but the influence extent gets slighter at low temperatures.For the same density, the descending sequence of specific heat capacity of three PU foams is HFC-245fa, HCFC-141b and CFC-11, while the influence of blowing agent is negligible in low temperature range.

The adjustable damping of traditional damping adjustable shock absorber was achieved mainly by changing throttle opening area with single work mode and limited damping adjustable range. In order to enhance the adjustable damping work mode and the adjustable range, a shock absorber with various state switching was designed based on a passive hydraulic shock absorber. In order to analyze the performance, a mathematical model for multilevelsdamping adjustable hydraulic shock absorber was established based on fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. The relation among shock absorber output force, piston travel and piston frequency was analyzed by Simulink simulation software and compared with the damping performance of adjustable shock absorber by bench test. The results show that the damping force deviation between test results and simulation results is small. The multi-levels-damping states of shock absorber change obviously with high switching control accuracy of damping state, which provides a basis for semi-active suspension  control system.

According  to the principle of wind turbine,a forward inclined support was designed on light bulb tubular turbine to study the heat dissipation effect of axial or radial direction ventilation structure. Based on the increasing of radial angle, the axial angle was changed to verify the simulation data by reliability verification tests. The results show that a reasonable increase of radial or axial angle can improve the heat dissipation performance and singlesided radial air intake. The maximum temperature of winding with radial angle of 15° is 3.4% lower than that with radial angle of 0°.The maximum temperature of winding with axial angle of 20° is 5.0% lower than that with axial angle of 40° when the radial angle is 15°. The optimal heat dissipation performance can be achieved with radial angle of 15° and axial angle of 20°,and the temperature of main heating components of electric generator in whole machine can be controlled not more than 55 ℃.

To improve the complex structure, high power consumption and low precision of on-chip Gm-C filter automatic frequency tuning circuits, an accurate constanttransconductance bias circuit was proposed. The cutoff frequency of the filter was stabilized by making the transconductance of the transconductance transistor identically equal to an off-chip high precision resistor. The operation theory was derived, and the filter and transconductor were designed. The circuit was applied to the 9th order low pass filter for wireless sensor chips, and the simulation was conducted. This chip was implemented in SMIC 0.18 μm 18 V 1P6M CMOS technology and the low pass filter was realized by the synthesis of passive LC filter prototype. The test results show that there is only a difference of 1％ between the cutoff frequency and the designed value and the inband ripple is less than 0.8 dB. The inputreferred noise is less than 25 nV／Hz with a power consumption of 1.6 mW. The results meet the requirements of wireless sensor chips.

To improve the tire performance of puncture-proof, explosion prevention and safety, a new mechanical elastic wheel used for offroad vehicle was proposed with main innovation of nonpneumatic elastic structure in wheel. The structure and the working principle of new mechanical elastic wheel were analyzed in detail. According to the loading experiment under wheels driving and braking work conditions, the results show that the moving relationship of each component in the wheel is basically the same with working principle. Under the driving and braking work conditions of new mechanical elastic wheels, the mechanical analyses of inner-wheel and outer-wheel were respectively conducted to obtain the mechanical  transmission relationship of internal structure in wheel. The mechanical transmission dynamic  simulation under driving and braking work conditions was conducted by ADAMS software, and the simulation results were also analyzed. The results show that the new wheel has effective mechanical transmission characteristics to ensure normal driving of car.

According to the requirements of GB/T 7031—2005 to the root mean square of random road surface under different road roughness coefficient, the fitting expression of white noise input was defined. After recalculating the speedrelated e parameter, the perfect road surface roughness domain model was established based on the fitting speed gain function for the fluctuation of e value. The spectral density curves generated by Matlab/Simulink were compared with those of standard road grade to verify the proposed model. The simulation results show that the e value is related to the speed and has no significant relationship with road roughness coefficient. At low speed, the e value fluctuates slightly, while it tends to 0.218 at high speed. After perfecting the model, the error between root mean of random road elevation and road grading standard is from 0.157% to 1.730%, which shows that compared to the traditional time model of white noise, the proposed model has higher accuracy.

Using organic nano-TiO2 as modifier, TiO2/ PU-EP adhesive was prepared with epoxy resin  toughened by polyurethane. Scanning electron microscopy analysis show that the "island structure" is formed between polyurethane and epoxy, and inorganic phase has good compatibility with polymer matrix. The mechanical properties, thermal stability, dielectric loss, dielectric constant and breakdown field strength of composites were investigated by electronic tensile machine, TGA, dielectric spectrum and voltage tester analyzer. The results indicate that the comprehensive performance can be improved by doping appropriate amount of nanoTiO2 . When the amount of TiO2 is 3%, the shear strength and thermal decomposition temperature of TiO2/ PUEP reach the maximum of 27.14 MPa and 397.82 ℃, respectively. Compared with PU-EP matrix, the shear strength is increased by 22.6% with enhanced thermal decomposition temperature of 17.48 ℃. Under the condition of power frequency, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss are 4.27 and 0.02, respectively, and the breakdown field strength of composite is 14.03 kV·mm-1.

To investigate the generation mechanism of NOx for biodiesel combustion, the contrast test of diesel engine fueled with biodiesel and petrolic 
diesel was conducted. The heat release rate based on measured cylinder pressure indicator diagraph was calculated. A NO formation model of Zeldovich mechanism was established based on the real heat release rate and chemical component equilibrium of fuel combustion. The effects of combustion features of  heat release moment, bulk gas temperature and oxygen concentration on NO formation were also analyzed to explain the reason of much NOx generation in  biodiesel engine. The results show that the bulk gas temperature in cylinder of biodiesel engine is decreased, while the ignition start of biodiesel engine  is early to reach the trigger temperature of NO formation. The oxygen concentration at combustion area is high due to the oxygenated property of biodiesel.  The NOx emission from biodiesel engine is more than that from diesel engine.

With the rapid development of computer and network technology, data publishing achieves wellsharing of information for the purpose of data mining and analyzing, whille it may cause the leakage risk of a great amount of sensitive privacy information in the data. Anonymity technology is the main method to realize privacy preservation in data publishing. The research progress of anonymity technology in data publishing was summed up. The scenario of data anonymization was introduced briefly. The anonymization models were summarized, which were respectively used to deal with static data publishing of single sensitive attribute and multidimensional ones, incremental data publishing, streaming data publishing and trajectory data publishing. The anonymization model abilities to resist linking attack, homogeneity attack and background knowledge attack were analyzed. The anonymization methods of generalization, suppression, clustering, microaggregation, anatomy and permutation were analyzed and compared. The applications of anonymity techniques for privacy preservation in the fields of data mashup, location based services and social network were discussed. The future research of anonymity technology for data publishing was proposed.

 In order to obtain high charge current acceptance in energy regeneration for battery during electric brake of light electric vehicle(EV)， a half/full bridge of PWM switching control method was proposed. Based on a BLDCM PWM converter circuit， the switched special PWM control was realized by braking signal during normal and energyregeneration modes. The quick periodical swift charge and recharge for battery can be realized with high efficiency， and more energy can be returned in the energy regeneration period. The performance of the proposed method was compared with the Boost converter energy regeneration method through experiments. The results show that compared with the Boost converter energy regeneration method， the control method can decrease the average resistance of battery by 216 mΩ，and increase the average charge current acceptance by 6.2% with enhanced driving range of 6.6% for EV under the same driving condition.

To study the effect of deamidation on wheat gluten with citric acid,  wheat gluten deamidated with hydrochloric acid (HDWG) was selected as samples based on the evaluation from deamidation degree, nitrogen soluble index, SDSPAGE, FTIR, and SEM of the modified samples. At the similar deamidation degree of 60％, foaming capacity of citric acid deamidated samples (CDWG) was about 4 times more than that of HDWG. CDWG exhibited the higher emulsification properties compared with HDWG. HDWG was observed to have the distinctive susceptibility of large molecule bands (50～100 kDa) and the obvious enhancement of small molecule bands (<14 kDa), but there were no significant differences in the large molecule bands between CDWG and the control. Furthermore, the band positions of secondary structures of HDWG showed obvious shifts in contrast to those of CDWG and the control.

To investigate the fine particle emission instantaneous characteristics of a single light-duty gasoline vehicle on Nanjing urban streets, an on-road system of chassis dynamometer was set up to analyze the influences of vehicle speed, acceleration and driving modes on fine particles size distributions. For the on-road measurements, the number and the mass concentration of particles under acceleration condition are obviously higher than those  under other driving modes. At low speed, the number concentration of fine particle in nucleic mode(Dp<50 nm) is higher than that at high speed, while the particle numbers in accumulation mode(50 nm<Dp<565 nm) at high speed is more than that at low speed. The average total number concentration in the chassis dynamometer tests is 1.62 times than that in on-road measurements, while the ratio of average mass concentration to that in on-road measurements is only 0.18. The particle number concentration with diameter lower than 100 nm accounts for a vast majority of the test range. More fine particles are emitted under high speed and hard acceleration condition. The results show that the proposed system is effective to investigate the fine particle emission characteristics from a light-duty gasoline vehicle at real urban road.

 To make storm runoff and initial rainwater with poor quality meet the requirement of reuse,  a combined split-flow device of roof initial rainwater was designed based on water quality control technology. The split-flow cell volume was regulated according to rainwater pollutants scouring law and rainfall intensity. The intercepted rainwater was penetrated directly into ground through the bottom permeable components. The split-flow device was mainly composed of regenerated resin, while the bottom permeable components were made up of aggregate and binder synthetic material. The test results show that with initial rainwater runoff discarding of 3 mm, 50%-70% pollutants of SS, turbidity and COD can be intercepted with the highest removal efficiencies of 74.95%，50.00%，60.90%, respectively. The designed device just need regular maintenance without any personnel management after rain. 

The intensity and depth information of reflected light were represented with image based on the analysis of TOF (time of flight) imaging technology. A new adaptive filter model coupling with partial differential equations filter and shock filter was established to remove noise and to sharpen edges efficiently. The algorithms of thresholding, region growing and smallest surrounding circle were used to segment mature citrus from the background. Depth range and variance within the selected region and radius of recognized citrus were calculated and used as constraint condition for further selecting of recognized citrus regions. Threedimensional database was integrated with extracted characteristic parameters of recognized citrus to realize realtime recognition and location. The total classification results show that recognition accuracy of about 86.7% can be obtained without false detection. The error of depth information is less than 12 mm with actual radius of citrus less than 13 mm. It takes less than 100 ms for image recognition and location.

The color features of mature litchi in natural environment were analyzed, and the HSV color model was chosen for threshold segmentation to remove complex background. The fuzzy C-means clustering method (FCM) was used to segment litchi fruit and peduncle. The experimental results show that the effective recognition accuracy of litchi fruit and peduncle reaches 93.3%. The maximum distance between fruit centroid and peduncle was calculated to determine litchi picking point. The color image matching method based on hue component of color image and the limiting binding method were used to realize stereo match of picking point. The positioning experimental results show that the depth value error is less than 3 cm with error rate less than 5.64%，which can meet the visual accurate position requirements of litchi picking manipulator in practical work.

 The drive torque of pure electric vehicle during acceleration was investigated. According to the different demands of speed acceleration for pure electric vehicles, a method was proposed to determine the reference torque based on accelerator pedal openness and motor speed. A fuzzy controller was established by the fuzzy algorithm. The openness and openness change rate of accelerator pedal and the vehicle speed were considered as input variables, and the increment of compensation torque was considered as output variable. For different drive torque control strategies under the same actions of pedal, the comparison test of acceleration was designed. The results show that the torque control strategy with consideration of speed can improve the acceleration performance at medium and low speeds, and the operation stability can also be improved at high speed.

In order to improve the mixture formation and combustion quality in combustion chamber of DLH1105 diesel engine, the cylinder spray and combustion process were numerically simulated. Three combustion chambers of open combustion chamber, toroidal combustion chamber and reentrant combustion chamber were designed at constant compression ratio. 3D numerical simulation of the three type combustion chambers were achieved by STARCD software to obtain flow field, distribution of fuel mass fraction and temperature field in the diesel engine cylinder. The simulation result shows that cylinder spray and combustion process are consistent with those of visualized experiment, which means that the method of computational simulation is reliable. Reentrant combustion chamber has strong squish with long swirl period, which results in better mixture gas and combustion performance than those of toroidal combustion chamber and open combustion chamber. The pressure and temperature in reentrant combustion cylinder are high with low shoot formation and high NO amount.

The laser cladded samples of TC4 titanium alloy was shocked by pulse laser to compare the hardness, surface residual stress, microstructure and the fatigue life of samples before and after laser shock processing(LSP). The surface residual tensile stress in heat affect zone(AFZ) of laser cladded sample is 225 MPa.LSP reliefs the tensile stress and generates 449 MPa compressive stress, and the surface residual compressive stress after LSP in metal  matrix reaches 672 MPa.The hardness in AFZ after laser cladding is 333 HV, while that is 381 HV after LSP. A nanocrystalline surface layer is found by TEM after three impacts. The high cycle fatigue tests of laser cladded samples were carried out before and after LSP. The results show that LSP treatment can improve the high cycle fatigue endurance limit of laser cladding titanium alloy by 158％. The nanocrystalline grained surface layer with residual compressive stress makes great contribution to the fatigue properties improvement of titanium alloy.

To realize rapid steady starting of bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor（BPMSM）, a new initial rotor orientation method was proposed based on command current control. The suspension principle of BPMSM was given to analyze the necessary and sufficient conditions of achieving accurate position. The step angle and the positioning phase sequencer in initial orientation were optimized to identify 120° to 240° and to 0° initial orientation phase sequence. The experiments of three steps initial orientation without load were completed on BPMSM digital test rig to achieve the test wares. The results show that the orientation accuracy is controlled at the range of -1° to 1° with minimum location resolution angle of 0.2° and with motor radial displacement under 200 μm. The initial rotor orientation of BPMSM can be realized by the proposed strategy with rapid steady starting.

Conventional triaxial experiments of two kinds of Fujian standard sands with different gradation were performed at different confining pressure. The effects of initial relative density on shear behaviors of sand were investigated. The experimental results indicate that the initial structure has a considerable effect on shear-strength of sand. At the same confining  pressure, the initial tangent modulus and the peak deviator stress increase with the increasing of initial relative density. For the same relative density, the initial tangent modulus has a significant growth with the increasing of confining pressure, while  the peak deviator stress increases gradually. The internal friction angle of the sample shows a  linear  growth with the increase of the initial relative density. Combined with the test results, the relationship of shear strength parameter and initial relative density was established to modify Mohr-Coulomb criterion with considering initial relative density.