The enfeoffment system of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the prefectural system of the Qin and Han Dynasties, though seemingly in sharp contrast or even opposition at the time, actually shared a common political vision of great unification (Dayitong) for historical China. Confucianism and then Legalism both focused on the selection of the virtuous and capable under the conditions feasible in their respective eras. Viewed within the longue durée of history, one can discern a sense of continuous efforts building upon one another. To more effectively understand Chinese issues and develop Chinas own academic theoretical resources, contemporary Chinese scholars, at least occasionally, would do well to set aside traditional schools such as Confucianism, Mohism, Daoism, and Legalism in thematic fields like politics, economy, society and law. Rather than striving to inherit the doctrines of a particular school, they should endeavor to reconstruct and comprehend the ancient problems of governing the family, the state, and the world (Tianxia) that were commonly confronted by premodern Chinese thinkers, to identify the distinctive politicolegal practices deeply embedded in specific temporal and spatial contexts, and to clarify the underlying principles embedded therein.

As a typical form of rural autonomous norms, village regulations play a significant role in maintaining rural social order and promoting the modernization of rural governance. However, the internal logic through which they drive effective rural governance has not been systematically theorized. Based on the theory of institutional elements, this paper takes W Village in Jiangxi Province as a field observation site to trace the internal logic of village regulations in rural governance. It is found that the regulatory, normative and culturalcognitive elements of village regulations coexist harmoniously and reinforce each other, thereby activating the participation of various parties in rural governance. Through the embedded local measures, these three elements perform the functions of mandatory guidance, constraining guidance and internalized cultivation respectively. The synergy of these three mechanisms fosters a joint force for multiparty coconstruction, cogovernance and sharing benefits to realize the institutional effectiveness of village regulations in rural governance. The study then argues that to more effectively leverage the positive role of village regulations in rural governance, it is crucial to improve their institutional elements and implementation mechanisms, fully mobilize the initiative of village Party and village committees, give play to the leading role of local elites and respected elders, and strengthen the cultural community of the village.

Artificial intelligence exerts a profound impact on ideological and political education.While reshaping the educational environment, it presents multiple challenges to core educational concepts.The core concepts of ideological and political education encompass the unity of political nature and academic rationality, the integration of value cultivation and personality development, the linkage between theoretical learning and practical training, and the coordination of teachers as guides and students as subjects. Nevertheless, AIs features including autonomous information generation, algorithmbased content recommendation and fragmented modeling lead to the dilution of the political attributes and academic rationality of ideological and political education amid massive generated information, triggering such shocks as information cocoons and cognitive polarization. Instrumental rationality erodes value logic, and labeled modeling breaks the integrity of personality. Virtual practice replaces embodied experience, trapping theoretical learning in the comfort zone. Teachers leading position is weakened,and students subjectivity is alienated into algorithmdriven pseudosubjectivity. To meet these challenges, it is essential to optimize the concepts of ideological and political education: consolidating the unity of political nature and academic rationality to prioritize values, resisting value relativism to facilitate sound personality formation, integrating virtual practice and embodied practice, adopting challenging recommendation mechanisms, and enhancing teachers value guidance capacity to build teacherstudent communities and deepen ideological communication. The optimized conceptual system, centered on value priority, holistic personality cultivation, unity of knowledge and practice, and community construction, can underpin highquality ideological and political education in the era of artificial intelligence.

A new wave of technological revolution and industrial transformation driven by the Fourth Industrial Revolution is accelerating. An educational revolution rooted in the Industrial Revolution and smart society will inevitably usher in the most extensive and profound transformation in rural education in history. Viewed from its future development, digital technology is promoting the modernization of rural educational governance, accelerating the melting of rural educational space, and helping with the conuection of rural educational subjects. Currently, the digital transformation of Chinas rural education remains in its infancy, with many areas still facing challenges. It urgently requires policy support, cultural revitalization and risk prevention measures to chart a course for highquality development in rural education.

As the complex carriers of natural resource assets that supply green products, national parks require asset management as an inevitable requirement for their sustainable development. Currently, the asset management of national parks faces such issues as vague positioning of objectives, vague nature of managing institutions and unregulated asset utilization practices. To address these issues, the quasipublic goods theory can be applied to redefine the integrated objectives of national park asset management, combining conservationoriented and utilizationoriented approaches. This framework advocates establishing a dynamic asset management mechanism, prioritizing functional zoning as the primary strategy while incorporating species protection hierarchies as a complementary regulatory tool. In line with the path dependence theory, this study asserts that national park management entities should adopt an administrative institutional structure, establish their administrative authority and clarify the power allocation at different levels. It draws on the composite ownership theory and suggests that a publicprivate combined concession system for national park assets be established to standardize resource allocation in primary markets and property right transfers in secondary markets and specify corresponding liability frameworks on the principle of “limited marketization” so that the asset values be realized without compromising ecological security.

As an important institutional arrangement of administrative public interest litigation, the procuratorial suggestion procedure is not only a solution procedure of procuratorial supervision for public interest protection, but also a legal prerequisite procedure of litigation procedure. It has the three characteristics of externality, relative independence and litigation prerequisite, and belongs to the category of formal legal procedure. The current procuratorial suggestion procedure is essentially an internal working procedure of procuratorial organs and has an obvious internal nature. It has such problems as lack of participation mechanism of administrative organs, imperfect participation mechanism of experts and the public, nonpublic procuratorial suggestion documents, imperfect evaluation mechanism of procuratorial suggestion implementation. So, the internal procuratorial suggestion procedure should be transformed into a formal legal procedure system, the communication procedures between procuratorial organs and administrative organs should be established and improved, the expert consultation and public participation procedures should be optimized, the procuratorial suggestion documents should be made public, and the third party participation evaluation procedure should be established.

Credit lending is one of the key approaches to addressing the financing difficulties of small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs) and promoting the development of inclusive finance. In recent years, both the government and financial regulatory authorities have strongly encouraged commercial banks to offer credit loans to SMEs and those concerning rural areas, agriculture and farmers. However, due to the high risks and costs resulting from information asymmetry, commercial banks, especially the small and mediumsized ones, are generally unwilling to grant credit loans. Currently, the opening of government data has created possibilities for commercial banks to increase their credit loans. This paper uses the data from 163 urban and rural commercial banks, and village and town banks nationwide from 2019 to 2022 to study the impact of government data opening on the credit structure of commercial banks. The research finds that government data opening has a positive impact on commercial banks granting of credit loans: it effectively improves their risk control capabilities and willingness to grant credit loans, thereby enhancing SMEs access to financing. In addition, government data opening helps elevate the regional development level of digital finance, which in turn increases the proportion of credit loans in local commercial banks. However, both asset size and operational efficiency affect commercial banks ability to use digital finance for credit lending. Compared with smallscale banks with low operational efficiency, largescale commercial banks with high operational efficiency are more subject to government data opening in terms of increasing the proportion of credit loans. These findings provide theoretical and practical implications for accelerating government data opening and offer new insights for small and mediumsized banks to enhance their inclusive finance service capabilities.

The cooperation among enterprises, universities and research institutes is an important force to drive scientific and technological innovation in China, but on the whole it works at a relatively low level. From the perspective of knowledge management, it is a knowledge transfer system, in which the reciprocity cooperation is the potential driving force. The participants knowledge transfer under reciprocity preference can effectively improve the performance of such cooperation, but the preference has not been given full play in China. The empirical researches show that the participants reciprocity cooperation can improve the cooperation among enterprises, universities and research institutes by promoting the transfer of both the explicit and tacit knowledge, but problems do exist. It is found that the reciprocal cooperation among enterprise personnel is unable to promote the tacit knowledge transfer and the cooperation among enterprises, universities and research institutes. Therefore, it is suggested that the enterprise personnels understanding of reciprocal cooperations value be deepened, their reciprocation toward university teachers and researchers be encouraged, and those from the universities prioritize collective interests so as to foster the reciprocal awareness of those from the enterprises.

The widespread application of generative AI in academic creation poses fundamental challenges to the recognition of scholarly contributions and the attribution of responsibility. Drawing on the ethical core and the methodological insights of the “name rectification” concept, this study proposes an analytical framework of “functional name rectification”, advocating a shift from traditional “author attribution” to “functionbased naming”. This approach clarifies contribution status by identifying the actual functions of generative AI in academic activities and traces its corresponding responsibilities accordingly. The study further advocates transforming citation paradigms from “property rights labeling” to “process documentation”, establishing a “descriptive citation” standard framework that includes generative AI tool information, functional categorization, application stages and human verification/modification behaviors. This framework aims to achieve transparency in academic creation and traceability of responsibilities, ultimately providing a normative solution rooted in chinese intellectual resources for reconstructing academic norms in the AI era.

Research in the field of family parenting has predominantly focused on the relationship between parenting styles and socioeconomic status, often treating cultural acquisition as an automatic and takenforgranted process, thereby overlooking the uncertainty in parents transmitting cultural capital to their children. Based on the fieldwork conducted in Shanghai, this study reveals the differentiated processes of intergenerational transmission of cultural capital among urban parents with varying socioeconomic positions and immigration backgrounds, as well as the specific ways in which children activate cultural capital. It is found that parents from middle and lowsocioeconomicstatus families exhibit distinct preferences in nurturing childrens abilities, which shape different efforts in passing on cultural capital and consequently lead to disparities in how children activate cultural capital based on their socioeconomic status and immigrant background. These differences in activation generate stratified benefits at both the school and child development levels, ultimately exacerbating inequalities in early childhood education.