As a centuryold cultural rivalry throughout the process of Chinas modernization, “the rivalry between the past and the present and that between the Chinese and the Western” predetermine that their final solution plays a core role in the construction of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics in the new era. From the perspective of history, theory and practice, the Communist Party of China (CPC), as the main body of responsibility for the prosperity and development of culture, is found to use “the Second Combination” to solve the dispute between “total Westernization” and “sticking to the local Chinese culture”, build connectivity among civilizations through the internal connection between “tradition” and “modernity”, generate a “harmonious new life” in the “chemical reaction” between “the local” and “the foreign”, and finally resolve “the rivalry between the past and the present and that between the Chinese and the Western” through the new “ideological liberation”. The internal mechanism of what the CPC has done shows that we need to adhere to the CPCs cultural leadership to completely solve the dispute, take the cultural mission of the new era as the guide, give a full play to the cultural subjectivity in the practice field of Chinesestyle modernization, and promote both the importing and exporting of Chinese culture.

The Chinesestyle modernization is a brand new form of human civilization, marking a new stage of human civilization development. It is an organic whole of route, theory, system and culture, as well as a unity of material civilization, political civilization, spiritual civilization, social civilization and ecological civilization. It is born and grows in China, a civilized nation, and could become a concrete form of human civilization. It is not a repetition of existing things; instead, it adapts to the advancing of social production mode, the inevitable trend of human development, and the development of world socialism, embodying the advanced nature of scientific socialism, representing the direction of human civilization progress, and being a fundamentally innovative form of human civilization. The Chinesestyle modernization puts the people first, holds the core socialist values, and promotes the common values of mankind. It has a historic significance that can influence the progress of human civilization, and is a new form of civilization centering on mankind.

Based on the data from the China Laborforce Dynamics Survey (CLDS) from 2014 to 2018, this paper builds a twoway fixed effects model to test the promotion effect of government support on rural collective economic development. It shows that the increase of government support can significantly promote the development of rural collective economy, and the conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests. A further research indicates that in hilly areas, the promotion effect of government support on rural collective economic development is not as obvious as in plain and mountainous areas; while the higher the average income level of the village, the more significant the promotion effect of government support. A mechanism analysis finds that the degree of village organization plays a regulatory role in the process of government support affecting rural collective economic development. So, it is necessary to strengthen government support, reduce the burden on the development of collective economy, and be based on local resource endowment, industrial foundation and cultural characteristics to explore diversified paths for the development of rural collective economy, guide the organized development of villages, and improve the coordination between villages and government support.

The new rural collective economy and common prosperity share an inherent logical connection. Exploring how new rural collective economy promotes the realization of common prosperity is a complex systematic project, requiring multidimensional considerations aligned with the status quo of rural development. This paper argues that there are three logical relationships between new rural collective economy and common prosperity: economic empowerment for income growth, distribution adjustment for shared benefits, and governance optimization for cogovernance, which form a hierarchical nesting structure of FoundationRegulationReinforcement. Through factor extraction and typological analysis of the cases from Jiangsu Provinces Common Prosperity HundredVillage Practice, this study reveals that the diverse forms of rural collective economy realize the goal of common prosperity primarily through the following three pathways: asset appreciationdriven paths, social equityoriented paths, and systematic collaborative development paths.

In the era of globalization, international language spread plays an important role in facilitating cultural exchanges and fostering mutual appreciation between Chinese and foreign civilizations. In this case, much attention has been paid to the study of language spread institutions. However, existing researches focus on exploring their spread strategies and management mechanisms, but are short of systematic studies on the language spread resources system designed by these institutions. Thus, based on variables of language spread, this paper analyzes keyword clustering in the annual memos of the Instituto Cervantes (Spain) over the past 10 years and summarizes the features and models of its language spread resources system so as to provide a reference for other institutions such as Confucius Institute.

In modern times, Chinese language planning has played an important role in history, not only as an integral part of modernization, but also giving rise to the Chinese school of language planning. Drawing on the language movements and key events, this study traces the historical development of language planning in China over the past one hundred years and explores the paradigmatic changes within the Chinese school of language planning, categorizing them into such major schools as the Reform and Exploration School, the Social Construction School, and the Language Life School. Strengthening researches on Chinese language planning and the Chinese school of language planning will help to advance the construction of the disciplinary system, academic system and discourse system of language planning, and in turn accelerate the development of an independent knowledge system of Chinese language planning.

Academic evaluation focuses on the evaluation of basic theoretical researches and affects academic resource allocation. Given that the basic researches are primarily sponsored by public finance, establishing an academic evaluation audit system is conducive to ensuring fairness and impartiality in academic evaluation, optimizing resource allocation, and motivating the researchers in general. This paper theoretically explores the necessity of constructing an academic evaluation audit system, analyzes its theoretical and disciplinary foundations, and discusses the academic evaluation audit system, content, institutions, personnel, and processes. It concludes that academic evaluation audit work is irreplaceable; academic evaluations involving public scientific resources must undergo comprehensive audits; there is an urgent need to establish academic evaluation audit standards; and it is necessary to strengthen supervision and management of academic evaluation audit work.

The relationship between a journals article numbers and its impact factor is a critical issue in academic evaluation research. Based on the panel data from 30 journals spanning 2010—2024, this study systematically examines the mechanism through which article numbers influence impact factor by employing linear regression, fixedeffects models, and error correction models, and reveals the heterogeneity across disciplines and journal tiers. It is shown that, first, the relationship between article numbers and impact factor exhibits significant disciplinary and tierbased differences, with hightier social science journals having stable longterm driving structures and shortterm adjustment mechanisms, while hightier educational journals having none; second, in contrast to the overall model, a tiered model more accurately reveals the intrinsic generative logic of impact factor, validating the effectiveness and necessity of a “tiered perspective” in evaluation research. Given these findings, the strategy of merely reducing article numbers to raise impact factors is shown to lack universal applicability. Therefore, it is imperative to fully consider journaltype differences, implement categorized guidance and adopt targeted measures in academic evaluation and journal development strategies.

The widespread application of artificial intelligence（AI） in the field of education has injected new momentum into the reform and innovation of ideological and political education for postgraduate students. From the perspective of technological empowerment, AIdriven reform in this field follows a tripartite logic: datadriven decisionmaking, algorithmcentric guidance, and intelligent integration. However, the deep integration of AI into education has also led to challenges, including the erosion of educators leading role, the weakening of guidance functions in educational content, the breakdown of emotional connections during the educational process, and the dissolution of value consensus in ideological and political education. To address these risks and challenges in AI integration and improve the educational efficacy of ideological and political education for postgraduate students, efforts should be focused on guiding algorithm model development with mainstream values, creating intelligent language models with endogenous data sources, enhancing the digital literacy of both educators and students, and establishing a humanmachine collaborative intelligent education system.

In recent years, the frequent occurrence of serious offenses committed by underage minors has drawn widespread public attention to the phenomenon of “exemption from criminal liability due to young age.” To implement the criminal policy of “tolerance but not indulgence,” nonpenal disposal measures should be fully taken for their educational, rehabilitative, and corrective functions when criminal penalties are difficult to apply. However, current legislation faces several issues, including its dependency on the adult criminal law system that overlooks the unique characteristics of juvenile justice, its supplementary role limiting its priority application, a limited variety of measures with an imbalance between rigidity and flexibility, that makes it difficult to address diverse corrective needs, and insufficient coordination between substantive and procedural aspects. So it is recommended to promote the enactment of a “Juvenile Justice Law,” expand its scope of application, establish the principle of “priority for nonpenal disposal,” optimize the system of measures, improve procedural safeguards, and construct a scientific and effective governance system for addressing juvenile delinquency.

The systematic structure, coordinative function, and value orientation of the Ecological and Environmental Code further drive the ecological transformation of traditional sectoral laws. To fill the regulatory gap in environmental accountability at the “endoflife” stage of enterprises and ensure value consistency within the broader legal system, it is essential to ecologicalize the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law. This ecological shift does not negate the original legal logic and rules of bankruptcy law; rather, it focuses on the partial introduction and integration of ecological interests. An ecologically oriented Enterprise Bankruptcy Law system should be constructed based on a legal mindset that emphasizes both the balance and the transformation between ecological and economic interests. Within the interestbalancing mechanism of bankruptcy law, clarifying the repayment priority of ecological and environmental claims constitutes a fundamental institutional element of this transformation. Strengthening ecological and environmental reviews of bankrupt enterprises, enforcing the environmental protection duties of bankruptcy administrators and establishing a collaborative governmentcourt mechanism for green bankruptcy serve as safeguarding institutions. Furthermore, defining the property nature of carbon emission quotas and establishing a regularized mechanism for handling them in bankrupt enterprises represent new institutional trends in the ecologicalization of bankruptcy law under the “Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality” goals.