In the battle against pollution, waste classification is of great significance to alleviating the pressure of rural household waste treatment and promoting rural revitalization. Based on the firsthand research data, using the OrderProbit model and IVOrderedProbit model to control the endogenicity, this paper systematically examines the impact of the villagers digital literacy on waste classification willingness and behavior, and discusses the relationship between the digital literacy on the difference between the classification willingness and behavior. The study found that the overall digital literacy level of farmers is low, the household waste classification willingness is high, and higher than the deed. Digital literacy has significantly promoted not only the villagers willingness to participate in the classification of household waste, but their deeds as well. Moreover, improving the level of digital literacy could help reduce the difference between farmers waste classification willingness and classification behavior.