Abstract:Lead aVR is located on upper right shoulder in frontal plane lead system, overlooking the whole ventricular chamber, and therefore it is called cavity lead. The electrical activity of the whole endocardium can be recorded by lead aVR, which is important for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease. Its diagnostic value is higher than any other unipolar lead or multiple leads, especially for left main coronary artery (LMCA) obstruction and multivessel disease, etc. The contralateral lead of lead aVR, lead “-aVR” arranges frontal plane lead system in order of spatial excitation sequence of the heart. It is more logical and is coincident with the excitation order of the heart, which makes it possible to diagnose inferior wall and high lateral wall acute myocardial infarction. This paper reviews on the clinical application of lead aVR and “-aVR”, combined with overseas literatures in recent years.
张建义, 张羽中. aVR导联及其特殊位置对冠心病诊断的意义[J]. 实用心电学杂志, 2016, 25(5): 317-321.
ZHANG Jian-Yi, ZHANG Yu-Zhong. Diagnostic value of special orientation of lead aVR for coronary heart disease. JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL ELECTROCARDIOLOGY, 2016, 25(5): 317-321.
[1] Guyton RA, McClenathan JH, Newman GE, et al. Significance of subendocardial ST segment elevation caused by coronary stenosis in the dog:epicardial ST segment depression, local ischemia, and subsequent necrosis[J]. Am J Cardiol, 1977, 40(3):373-380.[2] Kligfield P. How many leads are in the 12lead electrocardiogram, and what does that mean for the diagnosis of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction [J]. J Electrocardiol, 2007, 40(6):472-474.[3] Sgarbossa EB, Barold SS, Pinski SL, et al. Twelvelead electrocardiogram: the advantages of an orderly frontal lead display including lead aVR[J]. J Electrocardiol, 2004,37(3):141-147.[4] Senaratne MP, Weerasinghe C, Smith G, et al. Clinical utility ST-segment depression in lead aVR in acute myocardial infarction[J]. J Electrocardiol, 2003, 36(1):11-16.[5] Barrabés JA, Figueras J, Moure C, et al. Prognostic value of lead aVR in patients with a first non-ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction[J]. Circulation, 2003, 108(7):814-819.[6] Michaelides AP, Psomadaki ZD, Richter DJ, et al. Significance of exerciseinduced simultaneous ST-segment changes in lead aVR and V5[J]. Int J Cardiol, [JP]1999, 71(1):49-56.[7] Janata K, H chtl T, Wenzel C, et al. The role of ST-segment elevation in lead aVR in the risk assessment of patients with acute pulmonary embolism[J]. Clin Res Cardiol, 2012, 101(5):329-337.[8] Jaroszyński A, Jaroszyńska A, Siebert J, et al. The prognostic value of positive T-wave in lead aVR in hemodialysis patients[J]. Clin Exp Nephrol, 2015, 19(6):1157-1164.[9] Torigoe K, Tamura A, Kawano Y, et al. Upright T waves in lead aVR are associated with cardiac death or hospitalization for heart failure in patients with a prior myocardial infarction[J]. Heart Vessels, 2012, 27(6):548-552.[10] Madias JE. On the use of the inverse electrocardiogram leads[J]. Am J Cardiol, 2009, 103(2):221-225.[11] Perron A, Lim T, PahlmWebb U, et al. Maximal increase in sensitivity with minimal loss of specificity for diagnosis of acute coronary occlusion achieved by sequentially adding leads from the 24lead electrocardiogram to the orderly sequenced 12lead electrocardiogram[J]. J Electrocardiol, 2007, 40(6):463-469.[12] Case RB, Tansey WA, Mogtader AH. A sequential angular lead presentation[J]. J Electrocardiol, 1979, 12(4):395-401.[13] Menown IB, Adgey AA. Improving the ECG classification of inferior and lateral myocardial infarction by inversion of lead aVR[J]. Heart, 2000, 83(6):657-660.[14] Kotoku M, Tamura A, Abe Y, et al. Significance of a prominent Q wave in lead negative aVR (aVR) in acute anterior myocardial infarction[J]. J Electrocardiol, 2010, 43(3):215-219.