Objective: To analyze the differences of various airway inflammatory phenotypes in clinical features, pulmonary function and plasma inflammatory factors in patients with acute bronchial asthma, and to explore the risk factors for phenotypic classification. Methods: A total of 109 patients with acute asthma who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from May 2019 to July 2020 in Luoyang Central Hospital were prospectively selected as asthma group. According to induced sputum, the subjects were divided into eosinophilic asthma （EA）, neutrophil asthma （NA）, mixed granulocytic asthma （MA） and oligocytic asthma （PA）. Meanwhile, 30 healthy persons were included as the control group. The general condition, asthma control test （ACT）, pulmonary function, and exhaled nitric oxide （FeNO） of subjects were recorded, and plasma IL-5 and IL-8 levels were measured by ELISA. Results:  There were significant difference in allergies, lung function, and plasma inflammation factors between control group and asthma group（all P<0.05）. The proportion of EA with allergic history and FeNO level was higher than those in NA group, but the proportion of smoking patients was lower （all P<0.05）. The scores of PA pulmonary function （FEV1% and PEF%） and ACT were higher than those of the other three groups （all P<0.05）. The pulmonary function （FEV1/FVC, FEV1%, PEF%） in NA and MA groups was worse than that in EA and PA groups. The content of plasma IL-5 in eosinophilic inflammatory asthma group （EA and MA） was higher than that in non-eosinophilic group （NA and PA）, and the level of plasma IL-8 in neutrophilic inflammatory asthma group （NA and MA） was higher than that in non-neutrophilic group （EA and PA, all P<0.05）. Logistic regression was performed in asthma group according to whether it was eosinophilic inflammation or neutrophilic inflammation. The results suggest that the increase of FeNO and serum IL-5 level and allergy are the risk factors for eosinophilic inflammatory asthma, and the severity of lung function, the increase of plasma IL-8 level and the decrease of ACT score are the risk factors of neutrophilic inflammatory asthma （all P<0.05）. Conclusion:  Pulmonary function and plasma IL-5 and IL-8 were significantly different among asthma phenotypes. Pulmonary function grade, IL-5, IL-8, FeNO, history of allergy and ACT score were risk factors for phenotype variation.

［Key words］asthma；inflammatory phenotype; IL-5; IL-8; FeNO; pulmonary function