P波电轴是一种实用的心电学指标，代表了心房除极向量在额面的方向（角度）和大小（长度），正常参考值范围为0°～＋75°。P波电轴异常能够预测房颤的发生，并用于房颤射频消融术后随访、评估房颤相关缺血性脑卒中发生风险、筛查慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者，P波电轴异常还会影响人群全因死亡率及心血管死亡率。本文就P波电轴相关研究进展作一综述。

P-wave axis is a practical electrocardiographic parameter which presents the direction (angle) and size (length) of the atrial depolarization vector on the frontal plane. The normal reference range of P-wave axis is 0°~+75°. Abnormal P-wave axis is associated with the increasing risk of atrial fibrillation(AF), as a result, it is always used for the followup of patients treated by radiofrequency ablation of AF. In addition, abnormal P-wave axis is also used for the assessment of risk of AFrelated ischemic stroke, screening chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and affecting allcause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. In this review, research progress of P-wave axis is summarized.