Abstract:In the Yellow River pumping irrigation areas in Ningxia, the land in the areas is subject to a severe lack of water, lean soil and low fertility, etc. To solve this problem, water-retaining agents can be applied potentially in the land. In the paper, Wote super absorbent polymers(SAP)was used as the water-retaining agent. A field study was conducted to investigate effects of SAP dose(0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg/hm2)applied in maize seedling stage on soil nutrient, water content and maize growth in various growth stages, and to decide the optimum SAP dosage in sandy soil under drip irrigation. The case without SAP was specified to be control group. The results show that the soil water storage capacity in 0-100 cm soil layer is increased with increasing SAP dose in the whole growth period. Particularly, the capacities are considerably increased by 14.0% and 17.1% at 90 kg/hm2 and 120 kg/hm2 doses, respectively, compared with the control group. At 60 kg/hm2 SAP dose, nutrient content in the soil tilth is enriched obviously, suggesting SAP has played a most important role in keeping and supplying fertilizer. Whatever SAP dose is applied can significantly promote maize growth, especially the 90 kg/hm2 dose can improve the growth in the silking period of maize significantly. At 60 kg/hm2 SAP dose, the maize yield, water use efficiency and economic benefit are 41.8%, 22.2% and 33.9% higher than in the control group, indicating this dosage is the best. Thus, properly using SAP can effectively improve soil water moisture and fertilizer conditions, promote the growth, and raise the maize yield and economic benefit. The optimum dosage of SAP is in the range of 60-90 kg/hm2 for the Yellow River pumping irrigation areas in Ningxia and it should be popularized in the future.
李荣*, 夏雷, 王艳丽, 吴鹏年, 余林, 叶旭波, 钱鹏. 滴灌下施用保水剂对土壤水肥及玉米收益的影响[J]. 排灌机械工程学报, 2018, 36(12): 1337-1344.
LI Rong*, XIA Lei, WANG Yanli, WU Pengnian, YU Lin, YE Xubo, QIAN Peng. Effects of water-retaining agent dose on soil water and nutrient contents, maize yield and economic benefit under drip irrigation. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engin, 2018, 36(12): 1337-1344.
[1]李小炜,孙权,郝春雨,等.宁夏中部干旱带滴灌玉米合理施肥量研究[J]. 榆林学院学报,2016,26(2):26-30. LI Xiaowei, SUN Quan, HAO Chunyu, et al. Study on the optimal application rates of fertilizer of the drip-irrigated maize in the arid area of the central Ningxia[J]. Journal of Yulin University, 2016,26(2):26-30.(in Chinese)[2]侯冠男,刘景辉,郝景慧,等.SAP、PAM对土壤水分及小麦生长发育和产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(18):102-106. HOU Guannan, LIU Jinghui, HAO Jinghui, et al. The effect of SAP and PAM on soil water content and the growth and output of wheat[J]. Chinese agricultural science bulletin, 2012,28(18):102-106.(in Chinese)[3]OMIDIAN H, ROCCA J G, PARK K. Advances in superporous hydrogels[J]. Journal of controlled release, 2005,102(1):3-12.[4]MUSIL C F, ARNOLDS J L, VAN HEERDEN P D R, et al. Mechanisms of photosynthetic and growth inhibition of a southern African geophyte Tritonia crocata(L.)Ker. Gawl. by an invasive European annual grass Lolium multiflorum Lam[J]. Environmental and experimental botany, 2009,66(1):38-45.[5]崔娜,张玉龙,白丽萍.不同粒径保水剂对土壤物理性质和番茄苗期生长的影响[J]. 核农学报,2011,25(1):127-130. CUI Na, ZHANG Yulong, BAI Liping. Effects of super absorbent polymers with different granularities on soil physical properties and growth of tomato seedling[J]. Journal of nuclear agricultural sciences, 2011,25(1):127-130.(in Chinese)[6]杨红善,刘瑞风,张俊平,等. PAAM-atta复合保水剂对土壤持水性及其物理性能的影响[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(3):38-41. YANG Hongshan, LIU Ruifeng, ZHANG Junping, et al. Effects of poly(acrylic-acylamide)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite on soil water content and physical properties[J]. Journal of soil and water conservation, 2005,19(3):38-41.(in Chinese)[7]黄占斌,朱书全,张铃春,等.保水剂在农业改土节水中的效应研究[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(3):57-60. HUANG Zhanbin, ZHU Shuquan, ZHANG Lingchun, et al. The effect on soil improving and water saving applied with chemical aquasorb in agriculture[J]. Research of soil and water conservation, 2004,11(3):57-60.(in Chinese)[8]尤晶, 李永胜, 朱国鹏, 等. 保水剂农业应用研究现状与展望[J]. 广东农业科学, 2012(12):76-79. YOU Jing, LI Yongsheng, ZHU Guopeng, et al. Research and application status and development of super absorbent polymers in agriculture[J]. Guangdong agricultural sciences, 2012(12):76-79.(in Chinese)[9]马焕成,罗质斌,陈义群,等.保水剂对土壤养分的保蓄作用[J].浙江林学院学报,2004,21(4):404-407. MA Huancheng, LUO Zhibin, CHEN Yiqun, et al. Hydrogel′s role in retention of nutrients in soil[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College, 2004,21(4):404-407.(in Chinese)[10]张丽华,边少锋,孙宁,等.保水剂不同粒型及施用量对玉米产量和光合性状的影响[J].玉米科学,2017,25(1):153-156. ZHANG Lihua, BIAN Shaofeng, SUN Ning, et al. Effects of different grain size and amount of water retaining agent on yield and photosynthetic characteristics of maize[J]. Journal of maize sciences, 2017,25(1):153-156.(in Chinese)[11]吕美琴.施用保水剂对秋植大豆生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报,2015,31(12):57-61. LYU Meiqin. Effects of absorbent polymer on yield and growth of autumn planting soybean[J]. Chinese agricultural science bulletin, 2015,31(12):57-61.(in Chinese)[12]李中阳,吕谋超,樊向阳,等.不同类型保水剂对冬小麦水分利用效率和根系形态的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(12):3753-3758. LI Zhongyang, LYU Mouchao, FAN Xiangyang, et al. Influences of different kinds of water retentive agents on water use efficiency and root morphology of winter wheat[J]. Chinese journal of applied ecology, 2015,26(12):3753-3758.(in Chinese)[13]武继承,郑惠玲,史福刚,等.不同水分条件下保水剂对小麦产量和水分利用的影响[J].华北农学报,2007,22(5):40-42. WU Jicheng, ZHENG Huiling, SHI Fugang, et al. Effect of water-retaining agent on wheat production and water utilization under different moisture conditions in dryland[J]. Acta agriculturae boreali-sinica, 2007,22(5):40-42.(in Chinese).[14]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.[15]张丽华,闫伟平,谭国波,等.保水剂不同施用深度对玉米产量及土壤水分利用效率的影响[J].玉米科学,2016,24(1):110-113. ZHANG Lihua, YAN Weiping, TAN Guobo, et al. Effects of different depth of water-retaining agent applied on maize yield and water use efficiency of soil moisture[J]. Journal of maize sciences, 2016,24(1):110-113.(in Chinese)[16]侯贤清, 李荣, 何文寿, 等. 保水剂施用量对土壤水分利用及马铃薯生长的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2015,41(5):558-566. HOU Xianqing, LI Rong, HE Wenshou, et al. Effects of super absorbent dosage on water use of soil and growth of potato[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(agric & life sci), 2015,41(5):558-566.(in Chinese)[17]白文波,张浣中,宋吉青.保水剂重复吸水性能的比较研究[J].中国农业科技导报,2010,12(3):92-97. BAI Wenbo, ZHANG Huanzhong, SONG Jiqing. Comparative studies on repeated water-absorbing capacity of super-absorbent polymers[J]. Journal of agricultural science and technology, 2010,12(3):92-97.(in Chinese)[18]马征,姚海燕,张柏松,等.保水剂对粘质潮土团聚体分布、稳定性及玉米养分积累的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(2):221-226. MA Zheng, YAO Haiyan, ZHANG Baisong, et al. Effects of different kinds of super absorbent polymers on distribution and stability of clay soil aggregates and nutrient accumulation by maize[J]. Journal of soil and water conservation, 2017,31(2):221-226.(in Chinese)[19]徐刚,韩玉玲,高文瑞,等.保水剂与氮肥结合对辣椒生长及光合作用的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2012,28(4):823-827. XU Gang, HAN Yuling, GAO Wenrui, et al. Effects of combination of superabsorbent polymers(SAP)with nitrogen fertilizer on growth and photosynthesis of pepper plants[J]. Jiangsu journal of agricultural sciences, 2012,28(4):823-827.(in Chinese)[20]杜建军,苟春林,崔英德,等.保水剂对氮肥氨挥发和氮磷钾养分淋溶损失的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(4):1296-1301. DU Jianjun, GOU Chunlin, CUI Yingde, et al. Effects of water retaining agent on ammonia volatilization and nutrient leaching loss from N, P and K fertilizers[J]. Journal of agro-environment science, 2007,26(4):1296-1301.(in Chinese)[21]侯贤清,李荣,何文寿,等.保水剂施用量对旱作土壤理化性质及马铃薯生长的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(5):325-330. HOU Xianqing, LI Rong, HE Wenshou, et al. Effects of super absorbent dosages on physicochemical properties of dryland soil and potato growth[J]. Journal of soil and water conservation, 2015,29(5):325-330.(in Chinese)[22]程红胜,沈玉君,孟海波,等.生物炭基保水剂对土壤水分及油菜生长的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(2):86-92. CHENG Hongsheng, SHEN Yujun, MENG Haibo, et al. Effects of biochar-based super absorbent on soil moisture and rape growth[J]. Journal of agricultural science and technology, 2017,19(2):86-92.(in Chinese)[23]张蕊,于健,耿桂俊,等.PAM施用方式对土壤水热及玉米生长的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2013,11(3):96-103. ZHANG Rui, YU Jian, GENG Guijun, et al. Effects of PAM with different application methods on soil moisture, soil temperature and growth of Zea mays[J]. Science of soil and water conservation, 2013,11(3):96-103.(in Chinese)[24]秦舒浩,王蒂,张俊莲,等.保水剂对旱作马铃薯土壤水分特性及马铃薯产量形成的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2013,48(2):30-33. QIN Shuhao, WANG Di, ZHANG Junlian, et al. Effects of aquasorbs on soil water characteristic and yield formation of potato[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2013,48(2):30-33.(in Chinese)[25]李海金,刘恩科,张冬梅,等.保水剂对旱地玉米产量性状及产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(8):812-813,819. LI Haijin, LIU Enke, ZHANG Dongmei, et al. Effect of absorbent polymer on yield performance and yield in dry land maize[J]. Journal of Shanxi agricultural sciences, 2011,39(8):812-813,819.(in Chinese)[26]邹超煜,白岗栓,于健,等.保水剂对不同作物水分利用效率及产值的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(5):66-73. ZOU Chaoyu, BAI Gangshuan, YU Jian, et al. Effects of super absorbent polymer on water use efficiency and output value of different crops in different regions[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2015,20(5):66-73.(in Chinese)