JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL ELECTROCARDIOLOGY

[an error occurred while processing this directive]

JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL ELECTROCARDIOLOGY

Home | About Journal | Editorial Board | Subscriptions | Instruction for Authors | Priority of publication | 中文

　

Office Online

　

　

　

　

　

　

Editor-in-chief

　

Journal Online

　

　

Forthcoming Articles

　

　

　

　

　

Download Articles

　

　

Quick Search

Advanced Search

JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL ELECTROCARDIOLOGY

	2016 Vol.25 Issue.2 Published 2016-04-28

Article

	77	Application of automatic ECG monitoring on external counterpulsation rehabilitation therapy
		WANG Hong-Yu, DI Jie, CUI Dong-Xia, LIU Gui-Fen
		Objective To evaluate the effect of external counterpulsation rehabilitation therapy on patients with hypertension by automatic ECG monitoring. Methods Automatic ECG monitoring was carried out on 103 patients with hypertension, respectively at the beginning of external counterpulsation rehabilitation therapy, one week and three weeks after the treatment. The recorded ECGs were analyzed and the curative effect of external counterpulsation was compared.Results During the external counterpulsation rehabilitation therapy, 2 469 strips of ECGs were recorded. At the beginning of the therapy, one week and three weeks afterwards, the effective records accounted separately for 95.1%, 96.3% and 98.0% (P<0.01) of all the actually recorded ones, with an increasing trend; the heart rate declined at a rate of 41.7%, 62.1% and 77.7% (P<0.001) respectively, also with an increasing trend; the proportion of arrhythmia patients was 33.0%, 25.2% and 18.4% (P=0.056), with a decreasing tendency.Conclusion Automatic ECG monitoring can observe the changes of heart rate of hypertension patients effectively and record arrhythmias during the treatment of external counterpulsation rehabilitation therapy. With prolongation of treatment time, the effective percentage of automatically recorded ECGs increases progressively, heart rate decreases gradually, and the incidence of arrhythmia shows a decreasing trend.
		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 77-79 [Abstract] ( 923 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1004KB] ( 1407 )

	79


		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 79-79 [Abstract] ( 504 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 894KB] ( 1136 )

	80	Application and evaluation of remote ECG monitoring technology in urban community health service〖
		ZHANG Qun, YANG Yun-Feng, ZHANG Wei-Hong, YI Chun-Tao
		Objective To evaluate the accuracy, practicability and convenience of remote ECG monitoring technology when it is applied in urban community health service. Methods Based on the principle of random and control, this study enrolled 498 patients who met inclusion criteria and they were divided into two groups: station group(248 cases) and center group(250 cases). The patients in station group accepted remote ECG monitoring in the nearest community health service station while the cases in center group underwent ECG examination in the community health service center following conventional processes. Between the two groups, the detection rate of ECG abnormalities, the distance to the hospital, round trip time plus chairside time and medical expense, etc. were comparatively analyzed. Results It was found by analysis that (i) the detection rate of ECG abnormalities was 88.7% in station group and 91.2% in center group, without statistically significant difference(P＞0.05); (ii) as far as the roundtrip time plus chairside time were concerned, patients in station group spent significantly shorter time than the cases in center group, with statistically significant difference(P＜0.05); (iii) the total medical expenses in station and center groups were separately 132.82 yuan and 161.24 yuan per capita; except for inspection fee, the medical expense of station group was significantly lower than that of center group, with statistically significant difference(P＜0.05). Conclusion The remote ECG monitoring technology has high sensitivity and specificity similar to routine ECG while its convenience seems more significant. The technology helps in reducing the total medical expense and saving roundtrip time plus chairside time. The remote ECG monitoring technology makes it possible that urban community patients can be diagnosed accurately in his/her own home.
		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 80-83 [Abstract] ( 962 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 934KB] ( 1520 )

	83


		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 83-83 [Abstract] ( 491 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 896KB] ( 922 )

	84	Investigation on quality control system construction of regional remote electrocardiology major
		WU Yue-Ping, LIN Su-Hua, LI Yu, CHEN Si-Mei, YE Ming-Cai
		Electrocardiogram(ECG) has a history of more than one hundred years for clinical application, which makes great contribution to the health of human beings. In view of its important role in the area of medicine, the development quality of electrocardiology as a subject requires to be controlled. At present, Xiamen is engaged in building a quality control system of regional remote electrocardiology major, a systematic engineering which aims to gradually cover the whole area with a combination of regional toplevel ECG diagnostic ability and systematic and normalized quality control pattern of electrocardiology major. The key of system engineering is quality control. The main body of quality control is the ECG diagnosis center in regional general hospitals of the first grade. The objects of quality control are mainly community health service centers and primary medical institutions. The method of quality control is the realtime network information platform.
		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 84-89 [Abstract] ( 930 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1090KB] ( 1709 )

	89


		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 89-89 [Abstract] ( 514 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1038KB] ( 995 )

	90	Application of ECG scatterplot in the early warning of malignant ventricular arrhythmia
		JING Yong-Ming, CHEN Xue-Li
		Objective To explore the application of ECG scatterplot in the early warning of malignant ventricular arrhythmia(MVA). Methods The characteristics of ECG scatterplot were comparatively analyzed before and after sudden death so as to know about its value in the early warning of MVA. Results Before sudden death of patients, the ECG scatterplot was characterized by short coupling interval ventricular premature beats(RonT ventricular premature beats), decreased heart rate variability, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia within QT boundary, ventricular parasystole(superwide QRS complex, which can be referred to through reversal technique), etc. Conclusion ECG scatterplot is a concise language for describing MVA; the features of its early warning information are obvious and easy to be recognized. The ECG scatterplot technique is suggested to be introduced into ECG monitoring system(including remote ECG monitoring) as soon as possible.
		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 90-95 [Abstract] ( 1013 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 9372KB] ( 1003 )

	95


		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 95-95 [Abstract] ( 492 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1593KB] ( 898 )

	96	Effectiveness and safety of atrial fibrillation catheter ablation guided by magnetic navigation system during learning curve
		ZHENG Jie, LI Ku-Lin, LIU Xiao-Yu, ZHANG Chang-Ying, LI Xiao-Yan, LI Jia-Ping, YU Zhi-Ming, WANG Ru-Xing
		Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of atrial fibrillation(AF) catheter ablation guided by magnetic navigation system(MNS) during learning curve. Methods In the sequence of operation time, 90 AF patients were divided into three groups: group A, B and C, each with 30 cases. After transseptal puncture, left atrial modeling as well as left and right pulmonary vein antrum isolation were performed with irrigated MNS catheter, and confirmed by “bulleye” software after isolation. The procedure time, X-ray exposure time and dose, instant success rate of pulmonary vein isolation and procedurerelated complications were recorded and analyzed. Holter recordings for once a month were done during 3 to 6 months follow up postoperatively. Results Ablation procedures were all performed successfully in 90 AF cases. The differences of procedure durations among the three groups were not statistically significant[(158.4±23.5) min, (150.4±22.5) min and (151.3±23.6) min，P＞0.05]. The Xray exposure time and dose were significantly higher in group A than those in group B and C, but similar between the last two groups[(16.8±7.2) min, (8.2±2.6) min and (7.9±3.4) min, P<0.05 between group A and B; (583.7±460.3) mGy, (267.3±191.8) mGy and (225.0±121.0) mGy, P<0.05 between group A and B]. The instant success rate of pulmonary vein isolation was 96.2% in group A and 100% in group B and C. There was no statistically significant difference among the three groups(P＞0.05). In perioperative period, 2 patients in group A experienced hemothorax, and 1 patient experienced groin hematoma. Meanwhile, 1 patient in group B developed lacunar cerebral infarct. No complication happened in group C. There was no statistically significant difference among the three groups(P＞0.05). The success rates of operation were almost similar in the three groups during 3 to 6 months’ follow up postoperatively. Conclusion MNS guided AF catheter ablation proves to be safe and effective with a short learning curve.
		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 96-100 [Abstract] ( 947 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 950KB] ( 1291 )

	101	New waves of ST-T segment in accurate new electrocardiogram: analysis on 404 healthy cases
		LIU Li, ZHAO Wen-Jiao, ZENG Jian-Ping, WU Ming-Xing, SUN Zhi-Shan
		Objective To scan the healthy group in the non-invasive body surface method of accurate new electrocardiogram(ECG) (the original Nsaah ECG), and to analyze the new data of ST-T segment obtained by mapping. Methods The 404 healthy people underwent accurate new ECG examination via body surface. The acquired results were measured and analyzed statistically. Results The accurate new ECGs were recorded and mapped in normal humans. The obtained statistical results of Ri∶Rt primarily revealed that (i) the data of Ri(the starting end of ventricular repolarization) was always greater than Rt(the terminal of ventricular repolarization); (ii) the more powerful heart was, the larger was the ratio gap; (iii) the data were greater in males compared to females, especially Ri; (iv) there were 4 to 5 upstroke wavelets of T waves in males and 3 to 4 in females; (v) the slope varied in different genders. Conclusion The accurate new ECG can scan, record and display the human heart′s natural signals of new waveforms in ST-T segments. Each measurement index proves to be extremely valuable for clinical research. With its simplicity of operation,convenience and non-invasion, the accurate new ECG is expected to serve as a completely new method of non-invasive body surface examination.
		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 101-105 [Abstract] ( 923 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3806KB] ( 1613 )

	106	Clinical application of non-invasive cardiac function detection on hypertension patients
		AO Wei-Wei, CHU Wei
		Objective To explore the clinical significance of noninvasive cardiac function detection for hypertension patients.Methods We selected 150 hypertension patients admitted in our hospital as research objects. All the cases were carried out noninvasive cardiac function detection and divided into two groups according to cardiac function classification criteria with 65 cases in normal group and 85 in abnormal group. The ejection fraction and left ventricular enddiastolic pressure were recorded among the two groups. Meanwhile, the brain natriuretic peptide level was detected. We compared the result of each index, and analyzed the relativity between different indices. Results The left ventricular end diastolic pressure and brain natriuretic peptide level in abnormal group were significantly higher than those in normal group, with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05). Among the abnormal group, we also compared the detection results of each index at different grade of cardiac function. It revealed that with the rise of the grade, the detection results of ejection fraction decreased while left ventricular enddiastolic pressure and brain natriuretic peptide level increased gradually, with statistically significant difference among the subgroups(P＜0.05). In addition, the detection result of left ventricular end diastolic pressure and brain natriuretic peptide level were significantly positively correlated. Conclusion Non-invasive cardiac function detection can [LM]effectively reflect the severity of heart lesion for hypertension patients. It proves to be safe, effective, reproducible and has high value in clinical application.
		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 106-108 [Abstract] ( 1137 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 915KB] ( 1574 )

	109	Clinical value of Rwave peak time combined with aVR single lead in differential diagnosis of wide QRS complex tachycardia
		WEI Wei
		Objective To investigate the value of R-wave peak time(RWPT) in lead Ⅱ and the method of initial R-wave of QRS complex in lead aVR in the differential diagnosis of wide QRS complex tachycardia(WCT). Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on 132 patients diagnosed with ventricular tachycardia(VT) and 33 cases with supraventricular tachycardia(SVT). We analyzed the characteristics of electrocardiogram(ECG) morphology, measured RWPT in lead Ⅱ and observed whether the initial wave in lead aVR was R-wave or not. In this method, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in the diagnosis of VT were measured. Then we compared the results with those in the diagnostic method of RWPT.Results When RWPT combined with the initial Rwave of QRS complex in lead aVR were applied in diagnosing VT, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was 96.97%, 72.73%, 92.12%, 93.43% and 85.71%, respectively. Compared with the results in RWPT method, the sensitivity, accuracy and negative predictive value all significantly increased(P＜0.05). Conclusion When RWPT combined with the initial Rwave of QRS complex in lead aVR is applied in the differential diagnosis of WCT, it has high sensitivity and specificity. Due to its simplicity, convenience and rapidity, the method is more suitable for the differential diagnosis of WCT in emergency.
		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 109-111 [Abstract] ( 840 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 956KB] ( 1340 )

	112	Study on cardiac autonomic nervous function of patients with coronary disease complicating hyperuricemia
		ZHU Hui-Ying, YE Huan-Wen, WEN Jian-Xuan
		Objective To observe the correlation between hyperuricemia and cardiac autonomic nervous function in patients with coronary disease. Methods Clinical data of 168 patients diagnosed with coronary disease were analyzed. Among those cases, there were 67 complicated with hyperuricemia(group HUA+) with 39 males and 28 females at an average age of (61.16±6.66) years old; there were 101 complicated without hyperuricemia(group HUA-) with 66 males and 35 females at an average age of (61.96±5.51) years old. Each index of heart rate variability(HRV) in the two groups was observed. Results The HRV indices of SDNN, SDANN index, SDNN index and rMSSD in group HUA+ were significantly lower than those in group HUA-(P＜0.05). Conclusion This paper reveals that hyperuricemia can aggravate cardiac autonomic nervous dysfunction in patients with coronary disease.
		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 112-115 [Abstract] ( 1021 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 928KB] ( 1303 )

	116	Clinical application of active pacing leads in right ventricular septum pacing
		QI Jun-Jie
		Objective To observe the effect of active pacing leads in right ventricular outflow tract(RVOT) septum pacing. Methods We selected 135 patients as research objects who had been implanted with pacemakers in Xinxiang Central Hospital from May 2008 to May 2013. According to different sites of implanted pacing leads, they were divided into four groups: VVI right ventricular apex pacing group(52 cases, group A), VVI right ventricular septum pacing group(31 cases, group B), DDD right ventricular apex pacing group(33 cases, group C), DDD right ventricular septum pacing group(19 cases, group D). The pacing threshold, conductor impedance, QRS duration and heart function related indices immediately, 1 month, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months after pacemaker implantation were analyzed among the four groups. Results The implantation succeeded in the four groups without any complication. The pacing threshold of group B and D immediately after the operation was higher than that of group A and C, without statistically significant difference(P＞0.05). There showed no significant difference in pacing perception and impedance among the four groups. After a followup of 1 year, heart function indices of group D increased compared with those of the other three groups, and the differences were all statistically significant(P＜0.05). Conclusion RVOT septum pacing is more coincident with the characteristics of physiological pacing than right ventricular apex pacing, and its adverse effect on heart function and ventricular remodeling is weaker. Hence, DDD RVOT septum pacing is an ideal mode of cardiac pacing.
		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 116-119 [Abstract] ( 917 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 927KB] ( 910 )

	120	ECG diagnosis of myocardial infarction in pacemaker implanted patients
		CHEN Xiao-Yi, GAN Wen-Xue, LIANG Yi-Ping
		Objective To study the ECG diagnosis of myocardial infarction in pacemaker implanted patients.Methods In our study, 24 pacemakerimplanted patients complicating myocardial infarction were selected from those treated in our hospital from October 2012 to October 2015. Two ECG diagnosis clinicians were arranged to analyze the ECGs of complicated myocardial infarction at different stages in patients implanted with different types of pacemakers. Results After implantation of pacemaker, the ECG characteristics of myocardial infarction at each stage will not be concealed when patients own ventricular beats were conducted downward. In the appearance of ventricular pacing, parts of T wave changes and Q waves in ST segment at myocardial infarction stage were concealed while parts were difficult to be distinguished. It was mainly decided by a variety of factors including the types of implanted pacemakers, pacing mode, sites of myocardial infarction, locations of implanted electrode and the stage of myocardial infarction, etc. Conclusion There are some special characteristics in ECGs of pacemakerimplanted patients complicated with myocardial infarction. To improve the accuracy of ECG diagnosis, it is required to combine diagnosis with clinical circumstances closely, monitor ECG changes dynamically and switch pacing mode when necessary.
		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 120-122 [Abstract] ( 924 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 973KB] ( 2229 )

	123	The relativity between frequent premature ventricular contraction in ambulatory electrocardiography and blood pressure
		HE Li, CHU Wei
		Objective To explore the relationship between frequent premature ventricular contraction(FPVC) in ambulatory electrocardiography(AECG) of middle aged and elderly patients and the changes of blood pressure, as well as to provide reliable reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods The research objects were divided into 4 groups with 148 cases each, that was, the patients with primary hypertension complicating FPVC, primary hypertension patients without PVC, FPVC patients without primary hypertension or organic heart disease and healthy people. All the enrolled cases underwent AECG and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Data were analyzed by statistics software from different angles. Results Among the patients without organic heart disease, the systolic pressure of patients with primary hypertension complicating FPVC was higher than that of cases without PVC. The incidence of FPVC was relatively high in hypertension patients with PVC, and their ECG abnormalities were more severe. However, most of hypertension patients without PVC were complicated with various degrees of arrhythmia. Conclusion There exists some relativity between the occurrence of FPVC and the changes of blood pressure.
		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 123-125 [Abstract] ( 1265 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 916KB] ( 1680 )

	126	Analysis on ECG of dilated cardiomyopathy
		HE Mei, LI Qiao-Hua, LIU Ling-Jia
		Objective To investigate the clinical value of electrocardiogram(ECG) in diagnosing dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM). Methods The routine 12 lead synchronous ECGs of 102 DCM patients were selected. ECG abnormalities were analyzed among those cases, including arrhythmia, conduction block, ST-T changes, abnormal Q waves, low voltage in limb leads, poor progression of R wave in precordial leads and high voltage in left chest leads, etc. Results The incidence of arrhythmia was 46.08% while premature ventricular contraction and atrial fibrillation was the most common. The incidence of conduction block was 42.16%, with the first degree atrioventricular block and complete left bundle branch block accounting for the highest proportion. The incidence of ST-T changes was as high as 94.12%. The occurrence rate of abnormal Q waves, low voltage in limb leads and poor progression of R wave in precordial leads was 21.57%, 13.73% and 67.65%, respectively. The incidence was 36.27% whenRV₅+SV₁≥3.5 mV or RV₆≥3.5 mV, and that of RV₆/RV₅＞1 was 61.76%. The occurrence rate was 36.27% when the voltage sum of of R waves and S waves in three successive heart beats equalled to the total voltage of QRS complex(V₆＞V₅); the rate of RV₆/Rmax≥3 was 31.37%.Conclusion A variety of abnormal ECG performances usually appear in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Routine 12 lead ECG proves to be practically valuable in diagnosing the disease.
		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 126-128 [Abstract] ( 977 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 922KB] ( 1508 )

	129	ECG analysis on 260 elderly cases with arrhythmia
		CHI Ye-Hong, ZHAO Su-Yun, DUAN Xiao-Li, MU Yan, SHI Yu-Qin, YU Hu, YANG Hui
		Objective To investigate the characteristics and causes of arrhythmia in the elderly, and to provide reference for preventing, diagnosing and treating the disease at an early phase. Methods This paper takes 260 elderly arrhythmia patients as research objects, who underwent ECG examination in our hospital. The relationship between each type of arrhythmia and sex, underlying diseases, etc. was observed respectively. Results Among the 260 cases, the incidence of each type of arrhythmia was independent of sex(P>0.05). In each type of arrhythmia, atrial arrhythmia had the highest incidence rate(93 cases, accounting for 35.8%), followed by ventricular arrhythmia(56 cases, accounting for 21.5%). The most common complication of arrhythmia was coronary disease(129 cases, accounting for 49.6%), followed by chronic pulmonary heart disease(61 cases, accounting for 23.5%). There was a correlation between atrial arrhythmia with the highest incidence and coronary heart disease(P<0.05). Conclusion Atrial arrhythmia signals heart diseases in elderly patients. Improving myocardial blood supply and preventing the occurrence of complications are important measures to prevent and control arrhythmia in the elderly.
		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 129-131 [Abstract] ( 1167 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 912KB] ( 1467 )

	132	New progress in clinical application and research of vectorcardiogram
		JIANG Zhi-Shan, FAN Yong-Mei, XIAO Chun-Xia
		In China, the clinical application of electrocardiogram(ECG) has a history of nearly 100 years since routine ECG was introduced into this country in the 1920s. As a foundation of ECG, vectorcardiogram(VCG) has been introduced into China in 1970 and applied in clinical practice. With the development of computer technology and the popularization of largescale integrated circuit, equipments of ECG/VCG examination tend to be more lightweight, miniaturized and multifunctional. Threedimensional ECG came out in 1989. It can obtain 12 lead ECG and VCG by collection for once, and is utilized in diagnosing arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, etc. This paper reviews the latest progress in clinical application and research of VCG in recent years.
		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 132-137 [Abstract] ( 1035 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 966KB] ( 1643 )

	138	Comparative analysis on tachycardia bradycardia syndrome and bradycardia tachycardia syndrome
		CHAI Chan-Juan, YANG Zhi-Ming
		Sinoatrial node usually works normally in tachycardiabradycardia syndrome patients; however, for its function is transiently suppressed, bradyarrhythmia occurs with the cardioversion of tachyarrhythmia. Comparatively, organic lesions of sinoatrial node are usually found in bradycardiatachycardia syndrome patients.The manifestation is bradyarrhythmia complicating tachyarrhythmia. After radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with tachycardia bradycardia syndrome,supraventricular tachycardia can be successfully ablated and long RR interval no longer relapses; most of sinoatrial node functions can be restored. In treating bradycardia tachycardia syndrome patients, the first choice should be the implantation of cardiac pacemaker combined with antiarrhythmia medicine. Radiofrequency catheter ablation is another choice when drug controls poorly.
		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 138-141 [Abstract] ( 1551 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 934KB] ( 1677 )

	141


		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 141-141 [Abstract] ( 492 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 900KB] ( 1205 )

	142	Research progress in the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and atrial arrhythmia
		CAO Hai-Ming, MAO Si-Ying, DING Chun-Hua
		Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA), a common disease, is regarded as a risk factor of various cardiovascular diseases and paid more attention recently. OSA can impact on atria directly or indirectly by altering intrathoracic negative pressure via airway obstruction, or causing secondary changes of nervous system and humoral inflammatory factors after aspneainduced hypoxia. It is closely related to the incidence of atrial arrhythmia such as atrial premature beats and atrial fibrillation. This paper reviews the relationship between OSA and atrial arrhythmia from the three aspects of clinical research, pathophysiologic mechanism and treatment.
		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 142-145 [Abstract] ( 893 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 939KB] ( 1552 )

	146
		TAN Jian-Cheng, HU Wei

		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 146-147 [Abstract] ( 818 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2607KB] ( 1267 )

	148
		REN Jian-Qiang, LI Ze-Lin

		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 148-150 [Abstract] ( 1238 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3469KB] ( 1339 )

	151
		GAO Xue-Hua, LIN Jia-Di

		2016 Vol. 25 (2): 151-152 [Abstract] ( 981 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1315KB] ( 1350 )

实用心电学杂志

　

News

　

　　　　　　　　　　More

　

Links

　

　　　　　　　　　　More

Copyright © 2011 JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL ELECTROCARDIOLOGY
Support by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd E-mail：support@magtech.com.cn