Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion)

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Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion)

	2024 Vol.45 Issue.1 Published 2024-01-10

	1	Regenerative braking control strategy of fourwheel drive electric vehicle considering road identification
		PAN Gongyu, XU Shen
		To make full use of road adhesion conditions for distributing regenerative braking force and improving braking energy recovery, the braking energy recovery control strategy of dualmotor fourdrive electric vehicle composite braking system was investigated according to the braking system characteristics. A road identifier was designed to calculate the peak adhesion coefficient between each tire and the current road surface, and a fuzzy control strategy was used to determine the similar input of slip rate and adhesion utilization ratio between each wheel and 8 kinds of roads. According to the braking force distribution relationship of the external characteristics of dual motors, a strategy was proposed to make more braking energy return to the battery. The results show that when the braking intensity is 0.3, the energy recovery rate is 65.55%, which has high recovery efficiency.
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		2024 Vol. 45 (1): 1-7 [Abstract] ( 24 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3163KB] ( 321 )

	8	Variable universe fuzzy PID control for vehicle active suspension based on genetic algorithm
		XUE Wenping， ZHANG Chunling
		The variable universe fuzzy proportionalintegraldifferential(PID) control method based on genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed for the quartercar active suspension system. Based on the establishment of the active suspension system model, the fuzzy PID controller was designed by introducing the idea of variable universe. To further improve the vibration attenuation effect of the controller, GA was employed to optimize the parameters in description functions of the expansion factor for variable universe. The simulation results show that compared with PID, fuzzy PID and unoptimized variable universe fuzzy PID control methods, the GAbased variable universe fuzzy PID method has superiority for reducing the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body and improving the ride comfort. The proposed control method has strong robustness against uncertainties of sprung mass and vehicle speed.
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		2024 Vol. 45 (1): 8-15 [Abstract] ( 27 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1976KB] ( 234 )

	16	Effect of DOC+DPF system on diesel engine pollutant emission characteristics
		LI Shunli, CAI Yixi, SHI Yunxi, LU Yirui, ZHU Kan
		Based on the diesel engine bench equipped with diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and diesel particulate filter (DPF), the flue gas analyzer of Testo 350XL and the engine exhaust particle size spectrometer of TSI EEPS 3090 were used to investigate NOx and particulate matter(PM) variation under different loads before and after the DOC and after the DPF. The results show that the NO2 volume fraction of φ（NO2）is increased significantly after DOC when the load is greater than 50.0%. With the increasing of engine load, NO2 volume fraction in nitrogen oxides φ（NO2/NOx）of the raw diesel engine is decreased, while the φ（NO2） and φ（NO2/NOx） of the DOC and the DPF are decreased first with latter increasing. The raw diesel engine PM emission is depended on the operation conditions of the diesel engine. The PM removal rate of DOC is 15%-30% under different loads, and the PM removal rate of DOC under 50.0% load has the highest value of 26%. The PM removal rate of DPF is exceeded 90%. The nucleated particles volume fraction after DPF is increased, while aggregated particles volume fraction is decreased.
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		2024 Vol. 45 (1): 16-23 [Abstract] ( 33 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2404KB] ( 206 )

	24	SOC estimation of power battery based on Kalman filter
		XU Liyou， MA Ke， YANG Qingxia， SONG Lintao, MA Xiaobin
		Due to the limitations of traditional unscented Kalman filter estimation methods, to accurately estimate the state of charge（SOC） of power battery, a method for SOC estimation of power battery based on unscented Kalman particle filter was proposed. Taking the ternary lithium battery as research object, the secondorder RC equivalent circuit model of the battery was established to identify the model parameters through the battery charging and discharging test, and the accuracy of the model was verified. The battery data under actual working conditions were collected, and the SOC was estimated by untracked Kalman filter algorithm, particle filter algorithm and untracked Kalman particle filter algorithm， respectively. The simulation experiments were carried out in MATLAB, and the estimated SOC values were compared. The results show that the untracked Kalman particle filter algorithm can estimate the SOC quickly and accurately, and the error is less than 2.5%, which is better than those of other two algorithms.
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		2024 Vol. 45 (1): 24-29 [Abstract] ( 20 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 20874KB] ( 247 )

	30	Experiment on operating characteristics of refrigerant direct cooling system for electric vehicle battery packs
		SHAN Chunxian， YANG Peng， TANG Aikun， XIA Dengfu
		A battery module based on harmonica tube cold plate was designed for the lithiumion battery thermal management system with electric vehicle air conditioning refrigerant to directly cool the battery pack. The comparison between direct cooling and liquid cooling was carried out, and the effects of ambient temperature, compressor speed, valve opening and discharge rate on refrigerant flow, evaporation temperature and heat dissipation characteristics of the battery pack were investigated. The results show that direct cooling has better cooling effect than liquid cooling in controlling the average temperature of the battery pack. Increasing the compressor speed has significant temperature control effect on the battery pack. Even for highrate discharge of 2.0 C, the temperature can be controlled below 40.00 ℃ at speed of 3 500 r/min. Increasing the valve opening is beneficial to reducing the average temperature of the battery pack, but it is not conducive to reducing the temperature difference of the battery pack. When the battery pack temperature difference is large, the temperature difference of single battery can account for 88% of the battery pack temperature difference.
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		2024 Vol. 45 (1): 30-37 [Abstract] ( 24 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 9589KB] ( 219 )

	38	Design and experiment of non-destructive testing and grading system for citrus quality based on machine vision and spectral fusion
		WEN Tao, DAI Xingyong, LI Lang, LIU Hao
		For the three key quality indicators of citrus fruit diameter, coloring rate and internal sugar level, the citrus comprehensive quality non-destructive testing and grading system was designed based on the double-cone roller fruit cup transmission line with feeding part, machine vision detection module, near-infrared spectroscopy detection module and grading execution part. In the machine vision detection module， the single camera was used to capture videos of rolling citrus for obtaining large number of citrus images in different postures and performing contour extraction. The fruit diameter was calculated with the average value of the minimum external circle diameter of all single citrus frame images, and the average value of its two-dimensional yellow proportion obtained by each frame image was used as the full surface coloring rate. In the near-infrared spectrum detection module, the transmission light path was designed to collect the citrus transmittance spectrum, and the mixed attitude sugar detection model was established according to the two high-frequency attitudes of citrus during on-line detection. Comparing the modeling results under different pretreatment methods, the partial least squares (PLS) model established after applying the more effective multi-scattering correction (MSC) was selected. The on-line testing results show that the maximum absolute error of fruit diameter detection is -1.42 mm with the maximum absolute error of coloring rate detection of 0.048, and the correlation coefficient of the sugar test results is 0.817 with the root mean square error of 0.658%. The joint detection and grading method of internal and external quality determines the joint grading methods of three qualities according to the decision-making method of the discriminant tree. At the sorting speed of 5/s, the average accuracy of the comprehensive grading can reach 91.16%. The overall structure of the detection and grading system is simple with strong applicability for sphere-like fruits, which has great potential for industrial application.
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		2024 Vol. 45 (1): 38-45 [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3382KB] ( 268 )

	46	An environmental fruit detection method for light weight orchard
		SHANG Gaogao， JIANG Kun， HAN Jiangyi， NI Wanlei
		Rapid and accurate detection of citrus in orchard environment is the key for autonomous picking robot. To solve the problems of excessive redundancy and imbalanced detection speed with accuracy of existing models, the light weight environmental fruit detection method was proposed. Based on YOLOv4, the Focal Loss was introduced to improve the negative sample mining ability of the model in binary classification detection task, and the optimized model pruning method was proposed to solve the problem of model parameter redundancy. The experimental results show that by the proposed method，the MAP of citrus fruit data set in orchard environment reaches 94.22%, which is improved by 1.18% compared with YOLOv4 model.The model parameters are reduced by 95.22%, and the model size is 4.84% of the original size with the detection speed increased by 4.03 times.
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		2024 Vol. 45 (1): 46-52 [Abstract] ( 21 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 10122KB] ( 285 )

	53	Analysis of flow characteristics in intake duct of water-jet propulsion with gas-entrained incoming flow
		PAN Zhongyong, ZHANG Shuai, LIU Yuewei, YANG Mengzi
		To investigate the internal flow characteristics in the intake duct of water-jet propulsion under the condition of gas-entrained incoming flow, taking the axial-flow water-jet propulsion machine as research object, the numerical simulation of the water-jet propulsion under different incoming gas-entrained conditions was carried out, and the distribution characteristics of the meteorological volume fraction and the unevenness change rule of each section in the intake duct under different gas-entrained incoming flow were obtained.The calculation results show that in the low speed range, the flow in the inlet channel is small, and the flow velocity is low. Affected by the geometric structure of pipeline, the fluid accumulation phenomenon at the lower elbow is obvious. As the speed is increased, the flow rate is increased， and the flow velocity is increased.The flow separation occurs at the upper elbow,which causes the accumulation area to shift to the upper elbow. Under the condition of gas-entrained incoming flow, the increasing of inlet gas content and bubble diameter can cause the interference between gas and liquid to become stronger, resulting in gas accumulation. The phenomenon is aggravated and affects the unevenness of the flow surface.
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		2024 Vol. 45 (1): 53-59 [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4121KB] ( 222 )

	60	Bilateral weighted guided image filtering
		HUI Hongjun, YANG Yang, ZHAN Yongzhao, ZHU Yunchen, ZENG Lanling
		To solve the problem of insufficient suppression of halo artifacts in the classic methods, the bilateral weights were embedded into the guided filter to propose a new local method of bilateral weighted guided image filtering. The objective function was constructed as bilateral weighted ridge regression model, which could be solved by the iterative execution of bilateral filter. The fast approximation of bilateral filter was adopted to improve computational efficiency. Through the analysis on the filter kernel, it was shown that the more flexible edge-preserving and filtering control were provided by the proposed bilateral weighted guided filtering than traditional methods. The proposed method was extended for the color image filtering. The experiments on two image processing applications of edge-preserving smoothing and portrait skinning were conducted to evaluate the proposed method. The running efficiencies were compared and analyzed. The results show that the outputs produced by bilateral weighted guided filtering have better visual quality compared with those of most classic edge-preserving filtering methods, and the BIQI, IL-NIQE and SSEQ of the proposed method can reach respective 20.082, 47.026 and 53.103.
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		2024 Vol. 45 (1): 60-66 [Abstract] ( 34 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 9717KB] ( 203 )

	67	Temporal action detection via overall-local-aware graph network
		HUANG Jinjia, ZHAN Yongzhao, ZHAO Yifei
		To solve the problem that the comprehensive utilization of overall-local-aware spatio-temporal relationship information was not considered in current action prediction and localization and was not conducive to improving the performance of action detection and localization, a temporal action detection method based on overall-local-aware graph network was proposed. To obtain richer overall spatio-temporal feature representation of proposals, the feature similarity and temporal overlap of each action proposal was comprehensively exploited to construct the overall relation graph reasoning sub-network of proposals. To obtain local relation information of proposals under different time scales, the partial order relationship over time for the proposals was exploited, and the local relation graph reasoning sub-network was constructed, which consisted of multiple levels of three-body similar graphs and three-body complementary graphs. The rich overall-local aware features for the proposals were represented, which were used to predict and localize actions. The experiments were conducted on two public datasets of Thumos14 and ActivityNet1.3 and measured by the mean average precision metric. The results show that compared with the advanced methods of PGCN, G-TAD, TAL-Net and CDC, the proposed method can effectively improve the performance of action detection.
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		2024 Vol. 45 (1): 67-76 [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1750KB] ( 217 )

	77	Chinese named entity recognition based on multi-head attention characterword integration
		WANG Jin, WANG Mengqi, ZHANG Xinyue, SUN Kaiwei, PIAO Changhao
		To solve the problems that the existing Chinese named entity recognition (NER) methods based on characterword integration with introducing redundant word interference, complex model architecture and difficult combining with other sequence models, a novel Chinese NER algorithm based on multihead attention was proposed. The attention mechanism was used to efficiently fuse word boundary information and reduce the interference of redundant word by fusing BIE word sets at different locations. A multihead attention characterword joint model was established with characterword integrating modules, multihead attention modules and fusion modules. Compared with the existing Chinese NER schemes, the proposed algorithm could avoid the design of complex sequence models, which was convenient to combine with the existing character based Chinese NER models. The recall, precision and F1 value were used as evaluation indicators, and the effects of each part of the model were verified by ablation experiments. The results show that by the proposed algorithm, the F1 values are increased by 0.28 and 0.69 on MSRA and Weibo, respectively, and the precision is improved by 0.07 on Resume data set.
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		2024 Vol. 45 (1): 77-84 [Abstract] ( 34 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1583KB] ( 237 )

	85	Bearing fault diagnosis based on shared neighbors weighted local linear embedding
		LIU Qingqiang, SUN Yanru, LIU Yuanhong, WU Li
		To solve the problems that the neighbor distribution information of the samples was ignored for local linear embedding during mining the local manifold structure, and the default samples had the same importance in the dimensionality reduction process, leading to the inconspicuous feature extraction, the weighted local linear embedding based on shared neighbors (SN-WLLE) was proposed for bearing fault diagnosis. The cosine distance was adopted to divide the sample neighborhood in SN-WLLE. The sample neighborhood pair similarity was calculated by Jaccard coefficient to evaluate the sample shared neighbor information, and the local structure mining was modified by combining six neighbor distributions of the sample to improve the accuracy of the k-nearest neighbor reconstruction of multiple shared neighbors. The consistency of the sparse distribution between the sample and neighbors was evaluated to obtain the importance index of sample from the perspective of multi-manifolds, and the information was maintained in the low-dimensional space to extract accurate identification features. The complete bearing fault diagnosis model was constructed by combining KNN classifier. The bearing dataset of Case Western Reserve University and the bearing dataset of the laboratory test platform were used to analyze visual evaluation, quantitative clustering evaluation, fault identification accuracy evaluation and robustness evaluation. The results show that the F-value of SN-WLLE is maintained above 108, and the average fault identification accuracy can reach the minimum value of 0.973 4, which not only has good intra-class compactness and inter-class separability, but also has low sensitivity to the nearest neighbor parameter k.
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		2024 Vol. 45 (1): 85-91 [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1665KB] ( 196 )

	92	Preparation and adsorption separation properties of diethylstilbestrol magnetic molecularly imprinted materials
		YUAN Xinhua, LIU Shuai, MENG Fuliang, CHEN Zeyu, QIN Yuan, XU Chunyu, FEI Hongwei
		Nano-Fe3O4 was prepared by solvothermal method, and the prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles were dispersed in tetraethyl orthosilicate（TEOS）hydrolysate to deposite a layer of silica on the surface. Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) was used for SiO2-Fe3O4 surface modification to obtain MPS-SiO2-Fe3O4. Methacrylic acid (MAA) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) were added into acetonitrile solvent with molar ratio of 4 ∶1 for 12 h self-assembly, and MPS-SiO2-Fe3O4, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) were added for ultrasonically dispersing for 30 min with latter mechanically stirring at 65 ℃ for 24 h to obtain DES magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP). The characterization was conducted by transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer and adsorption experiments. The results show that the saturation magnetic intensity of MMIP is 268 kA/m without hysteresis and with zero coercivity and super paramagnetic properties, and MMIP can be rapidly separated from the solution in 17 s under the action of magnet. At room temperature, the maximum static adsorption capacity of MMIP to DES is 7.1 mg/g, and MMIP can reach more than 90% of the maximum adsorption capacity in 60 min during dynamic adsorption. The imprinting factor of MMIP to DES is 3.70, which shows great ability to identify DES. MMIP can be reused more than six times with good renewable performance.
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		2024 Vol. 45 (1): 92-98 [Abstract] ( 21 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4912KB] ( 247 )

	99	Acoustic properties of variable cross-section silencing pipe coupled with Helmholtz cavity structure
		WU Weiguo, BI Jianan, WEI Wei
		Based on the local resonance and pipe silencing theories, an acoustic metamaterial structure with variable cross-section Helmholtz cavity was designed. The acoustic properties of the metamaterials were investigated by COMSOL simulation software. The effect of the geometric parameters of the acoustic metamaterial with variable cross-section on the coefficient peak was discussed, and the acoustic properties were determined by acoustic experiments. The results show that the acoustic structure with variable cross-section structure can realize satisfactory sound absorption effect in the low frequency range of 200-600 Hz. Changing the cross-sectional gradient of pipe holes can realize the directional adjustment of the natural frequency of acoustic structure. Compared with ordinary Helmholtz resonator, the sound absorption coefficient peak of the proposed acoustic structure can move within a certain low frequency range, and the sound absorption effect is improved in the low frequency range with widened frequency range corresponding to the sound absorption coefficient. The geometric parameters of the acoustic metamaterial structure are optimized with good sound absorption effect.
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		2024 Vol. 45 (1): 99-104 [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 25448KB] ( 156 )

	105	Design and analysis of a novel three-segment Halbach permanent magnet array coreless AFPMG
		ZHU Jun, NAN Huaichun, GUO Xiangwei, LIU Penghui, YANG Ming
		To solve the problem of power density reduction caused by the increasing of magnetic pole usage in the traditional Halbach permanent magnet array coreless axial flux permanent magnet generator (AFPMG), a novel three-segment Halbach permanent magnet array coreless AFPMG with variable auxiliary magnetic parameters (polar angle and magnetizing angle) was proposed. By the three-dimensional finite element method, the multi-objective optimization design was conducted to determine two parameters of polar angle and magnetizing angle of the auxiliary magnetic pole for the novel three-segment Halbach permanent magnet array, and the best auxiliary magnetic pole parameters were determined. The effects of magnetic pole structures on voltage waveform quality and power density of coreless AFPMG were compared and analyzed. The results show that the voltage distortion rate of the novel generator can be reduced from 2.40% to 0.44%. Compared with the traditional two-stage Halbach permanent magnet array and the traditional three-stage Halbach permanent magnet array coreless AFPMG, the power density of the novel permanent magnet generator can be significantly improved. The usage of permanent magnets in the novel permanent magnet generator is reduced by 16.68%, which in turn reduces the mass of rotor disc and makes it more suitable for stable power generation at low wind speeds.
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		2024 Vol. 45 (1): 105-111 [Abstract] ( 26 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2044KB] ( 194 )

	112	A near-infrared region ratiometric fluorescent probe for peroxynitrite detection
		HAN Zhixiang, DAI Xiaoting, XIONG Jie
		A near-infrared region (NIR) ratiometric fluorescent probe Cy-P based on hemicyanine was rationally designed, prepared and utilized for the detection of exogenous and endogenous peroxynitrite（ONOO-） in living cells. The research results show that Cy-P itself displays NIR emission owing to the large π-conjugated system. With the addition of the strong oxidizer ONOO-, the π-conjugated system of Cy-P is destroyed, and a new substance with blue fluorescence is formed, leading to 268 nm blueshift of fluorescent emission. The linear detection range of the probe Cy-P to ONOO- is 0-15 μmol/L, and the detection limit is 13 nmol/L. The probe exhibits superior selectivity for ONOO- over various potentially interfering biological analytes. Due to the low cytotoxicity, the prepared probe is suitable for imaging detection of exogenous and endogenous ONOO- in living cells.
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		2024 Vol. 45 (1): 112-118 [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4828KB] ( 215 )

	119	Effect of EC130 warm-mix additive on high temperature performance and fatigue resistance of SBS modified asphalt
		LIU Ning, LI Di′an, LIU Liping, ZHU Qi, ZHANG Zhitao, HUANG Yu, MEN Guangyu
		As foaming agent for the preparation of zeolite-foamed asphalt, the foaming water released from EC130 warm-mix additive and the residual zeolite minerals have different effects on the properties of asphalt. To investigate the effect of EC130 warm-mix additive on the high temperature performance and fatigue resistance of SBS modified asphalt, three additives of limestone powder, EC130 zeolite mineral and EC130 warm-mix additive were used, and the single-factor test was designed with additive dosage as variable. By temperature scan test, multiple stress creep recovery test and linear amplitude sweep test, the effects of EC130 zeolite mineral and foaming water released from EC130 warm-mix additive on the high temperature performance and fatigue resistance of SBS modified asphalt were compared and analyzed with reference to the effect of limestone powder on asphalt properties. The results show that like limestone mineral powder, the EC130 zeolite mineral in zeolite foamed asphalt can increase the elasticity and decrease the viscosity, which is favorable for rutting resistance but unfavorable for fatigue resistance. The foaming water in zeolite foamed asphalt can increase the viscosity and decrease the elasticity, which is favorable for fatigue resistance but unfavorable for rutting resistance.
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		2024 Vol. 45 (1): 119-124 [Abstract] ( 25 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1829KB] ( 225 )

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