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Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion)

	2022 Vol.43 Issue.1 Published 2022-01-10

	1	Optimal control strategy of efficiency for dual motor coupling drive system of pure electric vehicle
		LI Shengqin, DING Xuemei, YU Bo
		For a pure electric veicle, a dual motor coupling drive system was designed with motor parameter matched, and the optimal control strategy of motor coupling drive efficiency was proposed. The working mode of the drive system was analyzed, and the optimal working point of motor and the efficiency of drive system were calculated by the sequential quadratic programming algorithm. Based on the principle of optimal drive system efficiency, by comparing the drive system efficiencies under four working modes at each working point, the control strategy of dual motor coupling drive system under multi-mode switching was proposed with emphasis on the pattern recognition control strategy. A co-simulation model was established to verify the proposed efficiency optimal control strategy. The results show that the proposed optimal efficiency control strategy of the dual motor coupling drive system has good control effect. In the whole new European driving cycle（NEDC）, the average efficiency of the dual motor coupling drive system is 85.9%, and the motor operating point with the driving system efficiency greater than 85.0% accounts for 55.0% of the whole operating range. The motor can work in high efficiency range with more high load rate of motor, and the dynamic performance and economic performance of the vehicle can be improved.
		2022 Vol. 43 (1): 1-7 [Abstract] ( 65 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 8449KB] ( 543 )

	8	Analysis of vertical dynamic characteristics of hub direct drive air suspension system
		LI Zhongxing, CHEN Xin, SONG Xinyan，XUE Hongtao
		To solve the problems of unsprung with increasing mass and unbalanced electromagnetic force of motor, the vertical dynamic characteristics of hub direct drive air suspension (HDD-AS) system was analyzed. The coupling model of in-wheel-motor and air suspension with auxiliary chamber was established. With the coupling effect of road excitation and unbalanced electromagnetic force, variation trends of eccentricity, unbalanced electromagnetic force, sprung mass acceleration, suspension dynamic travel, tire dynamic load and RMS value of unsprung mass acceleration in HDD-AS system were analyzed. The effects of auxiliary chamber volume and damping coefficient on eccentricity, sprung mass acceleration, suspension dynamic travel, tire dynamic load and unsprung mass acceleration in frequency domain were also investigated. The results show that the auxiliary chamber volume and the damping coefficient have great influence on suspension performance and in-wheel-motor vibration of HDD-AS system.
		2022 Vol. 43 (1): 8-14 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6498KB] ( 470 )

	15	Path planning of autonomous parking based on improved β-spline theory
		WU Feilong，GUO Shiyong
		The parking environment for drivers is now increasingly complex, and parking has become a driving phenomenon with high incidence of accidents. To solve the problem, a method of path planning for autonomous parking was proposed based on improved β-spline theory. The vehicle kinematical model was established, and considering the vehicle kinematics and electric power steering(EPS) performance requirements in parking environment, the path collision avoidance constraints and the vehicle steering wheel angle and angular velocity constraints were established. The simulation model was built by Matlab/Simulink. According to the actual parking scenario, three autonomous parallel parking conditions were designed, and the path planning was simulated. The results show that the proposed algorithm can realize autonomous parking for different sizes of parking lot, and the planned path curvature is continuous with slowly changed curvature. The vehicle kinematics and EPS performance requirements can be met with high parking efficiency.
		2022 Vol. 43 (1): 15-23 [Abstract] ( 48 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2317KB] ( 504 )

	24	Joint estimation of SOC and SOH for Li-ion battery based on AEKPF algorithm
		ZHANG Xinfeng1, YAO Mengmeng1, SONG Rui1,2, CUI Jinlong1
		To improve the estimation accuracy of SOC and SOH for Li-ion battery, the adaptive extended Kalman particle filter（AEKPF） algorithm was used to estimate SOC and SOH. The algorithm could effectively solve the problem of noise error accumulation when using extended Kalman filter （EKF）algorithm by modifying the noise, and as the proposed distribution of particle filter （PF）algorithm, the adaptive extended Kalman filter （AEKF）algorithm was used to update particles in real time to solve the particle degradation of PF algorithm. To improve the accuracy of SOC, considering the deterioration characteristics of batteries, SOH was combined to realize the modified estimation of SOC. The simulation results in Matlab environment show that AEKPF algorithm can obtain more accurate SOC and SOH estimates than AEKF algorithm, and AEKPF algorithm combining with SOH can effectively improve the estimation accuracy of SOC with absolute error less than ±1%.
		2022 Vol. 43 (1): 24-31 [Abstract] ( 58 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3078KB] ( 698 )

	32	Analysis of evaporation characteristics for different fuel oil droplets in sub/transcritical state
		TANG Chunyi1，LI Ruina1，LIU Shuai1，WANG Zhong1，LI Liling2
		The sub/transcritical state has great influence on the evaporation rules of different fuel droplets. By building a high-temperature constant-volume droplet evaporation measurement device, droplet life, droplet diameter, droplet evaporation rate and other parameters of C12H26, C14H30, diesel and biodiesel droplets in different critical states were measured. The results show that compared to the subcritical state with temperature of 573 K, when the four droplets are in the transcritical state with temperature of 973 K, the evaporation rates are increased by 1.25, 1.03, 0.71 and 0.51 mm2·s-1, respectively. The evaporation rate of single-component droplets is higher than that of multi-component droplets. The droplet lifetimes are greatly reduced by 86%, 89%, 93% and 89%, respectively. In the transcritical state, the expansion stage of biodiesel droplet evaporation is short, and the square of droplet diameter is decreased nonlinearly with time, which is not consistent with d2 law. C12H26, C14H30 and diesel droplets do not have expansion stage, and the square of droplet diameter is decreased linearly with time, which is conformed to d2 law.
		2022 Vol. 43 (1): 32-37 [Abstract] ( 41 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3053KB] ( 654 )

	38	Analysis of evolution process of twin-capillary electro-spraying regime
		WANG Qisi, WANG Zhentao, YANG Shiqi, ZHANG Yonghui, XIA Lei, JIANG Yimin
		Based on high-speed camera technology, the visualization study on the electro-spraying ejected from stainless steel twin-capillary was conducted, and the relationship among droplet separation cycle, applied voltage and electro-spraying mode was discussed. The results show that the dripping mode(skew-dripping), spindle, pulsated cone-jet, whipping-jet and multi-jet modes are observed in turn for ethanol with the increasing of electric potential. The included angle between the centerlines of atomization jet and the capillary is related to the electro-spraying modes and is increased with the increasing of applied voltage in dripping mode. The included angle changes little in spindle mode and changes intense in jet mode. The droplet separation cycle is also associated with the electro-spraying modes. In dripping and spindle modes, the time of droplet formation is far greater than that of falling down from the end of capillary, and the droplet separation cycle is decreased linearly with the increasing of applied voltage. For pulsated jet and whipping jet, the droplet separation cycle is very short. The droplet sizes are large for dripping and spindle modes, while the size is small for jet mode.
		2022 Vol. 43 (1): 38-44 [Abstract] ( 53 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 8094KB] ( 356 )

	45	Countermeasures against extreme wind and snow disasters to solar greenhouses based on temporary reinforcement
		YANG Shenghua, LIU Xueying, JIANG Xiugen
		To investigate the reinforcement measures of solar greenhouse structure under extreme wind and snow disasters，the single frame model of solar greenhouse was established by ANSYS finite element analysis software with consideration of material nonlinearity, large geometric deformation and structural nonlinearity conditions. The whole processes of instability and failure for the solar greenhouse structure under four load conditions of wind, snow, wind-led blizzard and snow-led blizzard were respectively simulated. According to the instability mode and load-displacement relationship curve of the structure, the temporary reinforcement methods were proposed. The results show that the wind and snow resistance of the solar greenhouse is significantly improved after temporary reinforcement. The wind load bearing capacity is increased by 154%-300%,and the snow load bearing capacity is increased by 11%-129%. The wind-led blizzard bearing capacity is increased by 245%-273%, and the snow-led blizzard bearing capacity is increased by 203%-264%.
		2022 Vol. 43 (1): 45-53 [Abstract] ( 52 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2243KB] ( 432 )

	54	Design and test of picking seedling mechanism of small full-automatic transplanter for plug seedlings
		ZHAO Xiaoqi1，YANG Qizhi1,2, HUANG Guanlong1, HE Mingsheng1, MAO Hanping1
		To solve the size limitation of domestic small greenhouse vegetable greenhouse, a small full-automatic transplanter was designed. To improve the success rate of taking and putting seedlings and reduce the damage of plug seedlings, the seedling taking mechanism was emphatically designed. In the seedling picking mechanism，the pneumatic and brake line flexible variable distance mechanism was used to realize the variable distance seedling throwing function, which was used together with the direct acting reciprocating seedling sorting mechanism. By the proposed mechanism，the static seedling feeding and the static seedling receiving could be realized to improve the success rate of seedling taking and feeding and avoid seedling hanging. The effect of seedling taking and feeding was tested through experiments. The results show that for the fibrous root seedlings of cucumber,when the planting frequency is 40 plants·min-1· row-1, the success rate of taking seedlings is 99.31%, and the success rate of throwing seedlings is 99.31% with the comprehensive success rate of 98.61%. When the planting frequency is 60 plants·min-1·row-1, the success rate of taking seedlings is 98.61%, and the success rate of throwing seedling is 99.29% with the comprehensive success rate is 97.22%. For the taproot seedlings of pepper,when the planting frequency is 60 plants·min-1·row-1, the success rate of taking seedlings is 97.92%, and the success rate of throwing seeding is 99.29% with the comprehensive success rate of 95.83%. According to the test results, the proposed mechanism can meet the requirements of taking and throwing seedlings of pot seedlings, and it is suitable for taking and throwing seedlings of different vegetables.
		2022 Vol. 43 (1): 54-61 [Abstract] ( 52 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4609KB] ( 476 )

	62	Stability analysis of quadruped robot based on compound cycloid trajectory
		ZHANG Liang′an1， TANG Kai1， LI Pengfei1，GUI Wenjun1，ZHAO Yongjie2，WANG Xiaoyi1
		To shorten the development cycle of quadruped robot and further improve its motion stability, the stability of quadruped robot under different gait periods was investigated based on compound cycloid trajectory. The structure design of quadruped robot was completed, and the kinematics model was established for kinematic analysis. The trajectory planning was carried out by the compound cycloid method, and the driving function of each joint was obtained by combining the kinematics model. The driving function was imported into the ADAMS model to set relevant constraints for dynamic simulation. The body turn angle was taken as the main performance evaluation index, and the stability of quadruped robot under different gait cycles was tested and analyzed by adjusting gait cycles appropriately. The proposed method was verified by physical prototype. The results show that when the gait period is 1.3 s, the maximum rotation angle of the body is decreased by 1.014°, and the fluctuation range of mass center is also decreased, which verifies that the stability of quadruped robot based on target trajectory can be further improved by adjusting the gait period appropriately.
		2022 Vol. 43 (1): 62-66 [Abstract] ( 42 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 17841KB] ( 357 )

	67	Object detection based on shallow spatial feature fusion and adaptive channel selection
		CHEN Qiaosong1，ZHOU Li1，MAO Yanmei2，WANG Jin1，DENG Xin1
		To solve the problem of reduced detection speed due to deepening the backbone network, an object detection method was proposed based on feature fusion and channel selection. The information in the different subspace was reasonably multiplexed in each down-sampling stage, and the feature fusion was performed with the proposed 8-fold, 4-fold and 2-fold down-sampling modules. The fused feature maps were assembled into the SSD network after adaptive channel selection for strengthening the role of global information in the object detection model. A classification loss function based on cosine distance was designed to make the object classification more accurate. The VGG network was used as backbone network. Referring to SSD object detection network, the proposed down-sampling feature fusion module, the adaptive channel selection module and the improved loss function were also added to conduct the multiple groups of comparative experiments. The results show that the mean average precision of the proposed method for object detection reaches 82.2% on the datasets of Pascal VOC 2007 and Pascal VOC 2012 with the image input size of network of 512×512, which is better than that of the single-stage object detection models. The proposed method achieves the same performance as the detection models with deeper backbone network under the condition of ensuring real-time speed.
		2022 Vol. 43 (1): 67-74 [Abstract] ( 44 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1680KB] ( 474 )

	75	Control strategy of apron opportunity network cache under cell evolution rule
		CHEN Weixing, SU Jingfang, MENG Meihan
		To solve the problem of data congestion due to the limitation of node buffer space in the apron-aware opportunity network, a control strategy of apron opportunity network cache under cellular evolution rule (ACER) was proposed. A routing communication model was established based on node congestion degree. The node congestion was judged, and the data routing communication based on probability was carried out in the nodes with low congestion degree. For the nodes with high congestion degree, the message discarding strategy of cellular automata was used to effectively alleviate the network issues of low delivery rate caused by data congestion, so that the data transmission of node load was balanced. Based on the opportunity network environment (ONE) simulation platform, the map of Tianjin Binhai International Airport was used to conduct experiments to analyze the performance of the algorithm under different numbers of nodes and different cache spaces. The results show that in the apron network simulation environment, with different numbers of nodes and different cache capacities, compared to DY and DL cache management strategies, the ACER delivery rate is increased by 97% at most with the network overhead reduced by 70% at most, and the transmission delay has a certain degree of improvement.
		2022 Vol. 43 (1): 75-82 [Abstract] ( 37 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5681KB] ( 362 )

	83	Attribute configuration verification method of distributed framework based on finite state machine
		LIU Yiran1, XIE Pengfei2, DENG Xuefeng1
		Dynamic configuration technology provides users a non-stop, flexible and convenient way of service configuration, while it can bring a potential of misconfigurations and lead to system crashes and decline of service quality. To solve the problem, a dynamic configuration verification method of distributed framework was proposed based on finite state machine. The data type validation was achieved by data type conversion, which took advantage of the logic of finite state automation (FSA). The distributed framework configuration validation was implemented based on the dynamic configuration of Spring Cloud. To avoid unnecessary file reading and writing, Java compiler was improved to load the dynamically compiled bytecode in memory. The proposed configuration verification method was tested with the cases of misconfigurations of primitive and wrapped data types based on Spring Cloud config framework. The results show that the method can detect and process errors of data overflow, container unclosed, container nested error and mismatch of data type of primitive types and containers decoupling code by FSA, and it provides clear logic to the properties of configuration verification and reference for the configuration management of cloud framework.
		2022 Vol. 43 (1): 83-87 [Abstract] ( 49 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1363KB] ( 483 )

	88	Anti-pitching predictive control method of high-speed multihull
		WEN Hao1, ZHANG Jun1, HU Haojun1, LI Guosheng2
		To solve the problems of excessive pitch amplitudes, heave motions and strict input constraints of high speed multihull, the anti-pitching predictive control method was proposed based on a finite time extended state observer for vertical stabilization. The control model was established with T-foil and flap served as anti-pitching appendages. The coupling between heave and pitch was analyzed, and the original model was divided into two parts of single input and single output model of reduced dimension and coupling term. The finite time extended state observer was used to obtain the online estimate of coupling terms and carry out the real time feed forward compensation. Based on the decoupled motion models of pitch and heave, the local one step predictive control method was used to improve the control performance and ensure the input constraints of anti-pitching appendages. The predictive control quantity and the feed forward compensation quantity were integrated, and the attack angles of T-foil and flap were obtained by the anti-pitching control distribution matrix. The results show that the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by the numerical simulation. The motions of heave and pitch are reduced by about 40%-50% and 50%-65%, respectively.
		2022 Vol. 43 (1): 88-94 [Abstract] ( 39 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1683KB] ( 389 )

	95	Experiment on corrosion detection of load-bearing steel strand based on magnetic flux leakage signal
		LI Zhigang1，MA Huixiang2，ZHOU Jianting3，ZHAO Yayu4，ZHANG Hong3
		To detect the corrosion of load-bearing steel strand, the magnetic memory technology was introduced. Through the corrosion detection test of load-bearing steel strand, the magnetic flux leakage signal of steel strand was analyzed, and the corrosion detection criterion of load-bearing steel strand was constructed based on magnetic flux leakage signal. The results show that with the increasing of corrosion degree, the magnetic flux leakage signal of loaded steel strand is increased, and the tangential component of magnetic induction intensity meets at one point at both ends of the corrosion area with the maximum value in the middle of corrosion. The normal component of magnetic induction intensity has the reverse maximum and minimum values at both ends of the corrosion, which illuminates that the corrosion position and range of steel strand can be determined qualitatively. The relationships among the dimensioned peak value of tangential/normal component of magnetic induction intensity of magnetic flux leakage signal of load-bearing steel strand corrosion, the corrosion degree and the tensile force can be further analyzed. The relationships are distributed in Boltzmann function, which means that the corrosion degree and tensile force of steel strand can be determined quantitatively.
		2022 Vol. 43 (1): 95-100 [Abstract] ( 45 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 38912KB] ( 344 )

	101	Test of deformation characteristics of graded aggregates
		KANG Xingxiang1, MA Biao1, LI Ning2, SI Wei1, WANG Xiaoqing1
		The effects of three factors of gradation composition, water mass fraction and compactness were investigated by precision unbound materials analyzer(PUMA) test and California bearing ratio(CBR) test method with repeated loading. The deformation resistance of graded aggregates was investigated by cumulative plastic deformation and elastic deformation tests，and the similarities and differences between the two tests were compared and analyzed. The results show that the deformation resistance of the graded aggregates is significantly influenced by the load in the early stage of loading, and the influence is gradually decreased with the increasing number of loadings. The cumulative plastic deformation results of the PUMA test are basically consistent with those of the repeated loading CBR test, while the elastic strain indexes are different. The elastic strain in the PUMA test is influenced by the combination of the above three factors of the graded aggregates, while the elastic strain in the repeated loading CBR test is only influenced by the compactness of graded aggregates. If the requirements for the accuracy of deformation characteristics of graded aggregates are low, the repeated load CBR test can be chosen to study the deformation characteristics of graded aggregates.Since the PUMA equipment and loading are close to the actual working conditions, the PUMA test method is chosen when the requirements for the accuracy of deformation characteristics of graded aggregates are high.
		2022 Vol. 43 (1): 101-106 [Abstract] ( 46 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2445KB] ( 414 )

	107	Resistivity testing and calculation method of saturated sand during liquefaction
		XIAO Xing, WANG Binghui, WANG Liyan, ZHANG Lei
		To apply the resistivity testing to the laboratory test of sand liquefaction, a resistivity testing device with dynamic triaxial test was investigated and developed. The resistivity calculation methods of saturated sand samples under cyclic loading were analyzed, and two resistivity calculation models of constant diameter model and cosine model were proposed. The results show that the cosine model is more consistent with the actual deformation of sample, and the calculation results are more reliable. The resistivity of saturated sand generally shows downward tendency during liquefaction. After the initial liquefaction, when the resistivity of saturated sand is at the peak value stage, the dynamic pore pressure is almost decreased, which illuminates that the soil appears a certain degree of dilatancy characteristics.
		2022 Vol. 43 (1): 107-111 [Abstract] ( 42 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2328KB] ( 400 )

	112	Prediction of bearing capacity of FRP confined hollow columns based on CZM
		LIU Yang，XIE Guihua，ZHU Yujie，YAN Peng，TAO Zian
		Based on the cohesive zone model (CZM), the numerical analysis method and model of the axial compression performance of fiber reinforced composite material (FRP) confined hollow concrete filled steel tube composite columns was investigated and compared with the experimental results to verify the validity of the numerical model. The influence of the main design parameters on the axial compression performance of the composite column was discussed. The results show that CZM is suitable for investigating the FRP bonding interface performance of FRP-constrained hollow concrete-filled steel tube composite columns. The bearing capacity of structure can be increased by the increasing of concrete strength level, FRP layers number and steel pipe thickness, while the lateral deformation of FRP bonding layer may be increased, which can increase the risk of FRP cracking. Under the same conditions, carbon fiber composite material (CFRP) is more conducive to improving the mechanical properties of structure than glass fiber composite material (GFRP). The geometric shape of the inner boundary of FRP-constrained hollow concrete-filled steel tube composite column has important influence on the structural performance. Improving the smoothness of the inner boundary can optimize the internal stress distribution of the structure to increase the bearing capacity.
		2022 Vol. 43 (1): 112-118 [Abstract] ( 36 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 16874KB] ( 340 )

	119	Analysis on relationship between properties and components of asphalt after multiply recycling
		ZENG Wei, WANG Jie, QIN Yongchun, WANG Weiying, ZHANG Yange
		To investigate the mechanism of multiply recycled asphalt, the law of each component and colloidal instability index of asphalt in the multiply recycled process was analyzed by chemical composition test of asphalt with four-component test. The correlation between component and physical properties of penetration and ductility of asphalt was discussed. Based on the relationship among rejuvenating agent dosage,chemical composition and physical properties, the improvement effect of rejuvenating agent in the multiply recycled process was revealed. The results show that with the increasing of recycling numbers, the asphaltene content of asphalt is increased, while the aromatic content and colloid content are decreased. The saturated content is stable, and the colloid instability index is increased. The design of multiply recycled asphalt should focus on the coordination and matching of chemical components to improve the pavement property.
		2022 Vol. 43 (1): 119-124 [Abstract] ( 37 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1675KB] ( 484 )

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