Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion)

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Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion)

	2008 Vol.29 Issue.5 Published 2008-09-10

	Article

Article

	369	Model establishment for grape leaves dry-basis moisture content based on spectral signature
		Mao Hanping, Zhang Xiaodong, Li Xue, Zhang Yuan
		The grape water stress condition was quantitatively analyzed by using spectroscopy. From the spectral data of grape leaves under different water stress, it was found that the linear relationships between dry-basis moisture content of grape leaf and spectral reflectance data in 460, 720, 1 450, 1 650, 1 920 nm and the derivative data in 703 nm were very notable. In the case of the effect of multiple colinearity, the method of principal component regression was used to establish the model of the dry-basis moisture content of grape leaves. The correlation coefficient between the predicted data and the measurement data is 0.94, and the root mean square error is 0.15.
		2008 Vol. 29 (5): 369-372 [Abstract] ( 1153 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 284KB] ( 1933 )

	373	Analysis of contact-impact between ball and guide tube in ball screw
		Song Xianchun, Jiang Hongkui, Zhang Zuoying, Xu Xiangrong
		In order to study contact-impact problems of re-circulating mechanism in ball screw, the dynamic model of contact-impact between the ball and return tube is presented based on the Hertz contact theory and collision theory. The dynamic equation is developed considering the ball and return tube＇s geometric arid operational factors. Based on the dynamic model, the relationship between the ball screw rotational speed, impingement angle, impact force and contact time is analyzed. The effects are investigated by using hollow ball and Si3N4ceramic material in order to reduce the impact force. Tbe model gives the optimum structure of ball screw drive.
		2008 Vol. 29 (5): 373-376 [Abstract] ( 1382 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 251KB] ( 1672 )

	377	Binocular stereo vision applied to harvesting robots
		Jiang Huanyu, PengYongshi, Ying Yibin-
		A measurement of 3 D locations of ripe tomatoes by binocular stereo vision was done for harvesting tomatoes in greenhouse. In this method, a pair of stereo images were obtained by stereo cameras, which were then transformed to gray images. According to the gray correlation, corresponding points of stereo images were searched, and a depth image was obtained by calculating distances between tomatoes and stereo cameras based on triangulation principle. The center of tomato was extracted by distinguishing a tomato from background with image processing. The 3D locations of ripe tomatoes were obtained by comparing coordinate values of the center of tomato ±20 mm when distance is less than 1 000 mm. with the depth image. The error of depth is within
		2008 Vol. 29 (5): 377-380 [Abstract] ( 1899 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 276KB] ( 1278 )

	381	Analytical simulation of soluble contaminant transfer through runoff in field soil
		Tong Juxiu, Yang Jinzhong-
		To study the chemical loss of soluble contaminant in runoff water from irrigated field, a simple two-layer analytical model was developed. Practice of field and temporal imcomplete mixing parameters about infiltration were considered. Based on mass conservation and water balance equations analytical solution was obtained indirectly. According to the published experimental results, the soluble contaminants concentrations in runoff water were modeled. The model results showed that this simple two-layer model is reasonable and practical, which makes up the shortage of diffusion model and is suitable for high soil infiltration. At last, some steps were proposed to reduce the loss of soluble contaminative fertilizer in the field accordingly, which provided references for agricultural non-point pollution and the utilization of fertilizer in field.
		2008 Vol. 29 (5): 381-385 [Abstract] ( 1270 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 343KB] ( 1468 )

	386	Shift quality of transmission system for construction vehicle
		Zhao Dingxuan, Cui Gongjie, Li Dongbing-
		The mechanical models were developed for engine, working pump, torque converter and automatic transmission in the transmission system of construction vehicle, and the dynamical equation was deduced. To describe the shift characteristics, the torque and motion of the clutches of automatic transmission were discussed during shifting. The relations were derived analytically among the angular velocity, torque of gearbox, rotational velocity, throttle opening of engine and torque converter quotient. The impact of the parameters of engine and torque converter on shift quality was derived. To improve the shift quality, the cushion valve control, timing control and their combination control for engine-transmission system were developed. Finally, a simulation test for transmission system was carried out to validate the availability of control algorithm and to test the integrated performance of shift quality. The results show a significant improvement in terms of shift quality by applying valve control, timing control and their combination control.
		2008 Vol. 29 (5): 386-389 [Abstract] ( 1590 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 275KB] ( 1799 )

	390	Simulation of neural network control strategy for four-wheel-steering vehicle based on Simulink
		Lin Fen, Zhao-Youqun, Jiang-Hong
		Aimed at keeping side slip angle at zero while inputting small steering angle, and keeping front axle anti-slip while inputting large steering angle, a control strategy for four-wheel steering （4WS） vehicle was proposed. Three degrees of freedom 4WS vehicle dynamic model including nonlinear characteristic of tyres and roll motion was established with Simulink. The neural network controller of 4WS vehicle was constructed based on double hidden layers BP neural network. Simulation results show that the neural network controller keeps front axle from side slip and maintains side slip angle at zero in most cases, and the control errors are less than those in the proportional angle control and the yaw rate feedback control. In addition, the amplitude of yaw rate is similar to that of front-wheel-steering vehicle and the steady response of lateral acceleration and the body roll angle are decreased than front wheel steering vehicle.
		2008 Vol. 29 (5): 390-393 [Abstract] ( 1772 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 264KB] ( 2368 )

	394	Motor and hydraulic braking force distribution in car regenerative braking system
		Chen Qingzhang, He Ren
		The motor-friction braking force distribution control of regenerative braking system was investigated. Based on the motor braking efficiency, the braking mode was classified. The braking force distribution control strategy of regenerative braking combining with a general hydraulic braking was proposed. The relevant strategy model was set up. Simulation of the model was carried out. The results indicate that the motor-friction braking force distribution control strategy can assure good braking performance, increase the motor brake rate during braking, and thus improve the reclaiming ratio of braking energy.
		2008 Vol. 29 (5): 394-397 [Abstract] ( 4000 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 257KB] ( 1964 )

	398	DBD power measurement and change of its main discharge parameters
		Wang Jun, Cai Yixi, Zhuang Fengzhi, Wang Jing-
		The effects of applied voltage V and frequency f on the main parameters of discharge were studied by Q - V Lissajous figures in dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） experiment system. The results show that improving V and f can effectively enhance DBD power P and charge transfer value Q. When DBD device structure parameters are fixed, the effects of V andfon the total equivalent capacitance C are small. With V and f increasing dielectric equivalent capacitance Cd increases, and equivalent capacitance of the discharge gap Cg slightly decreases. The effective electric field of the discharge gap Eg increases with V increasing, and the effects off on Eg is small. The average electron energy of the DBD device is high and can be used to the equipment such as 03 generator.
		2008 Vol. 29 (5): 398-401 [Abstract] ( 1594 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 261KB] ( 1629 )

	402	Technique for preparing porous Al2O3 ceramics by biotemplating from wood
		Cheng Xiaonong, Zhou Feng, Yan Xuehua, Wang Ping-
		A new porous alumina ceramic with wood tracheid structure was developed by Al2O3 and wood powder via two methods：direct and indirect sintering. X - ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） were used for phase identification and to examine microstructures of porous alumina ceramic. The density and apparent porosity were evaluated by Archimend＇s law. The two methods were analysed in detail. The results show that the better properties of porous alumina ceramics are obtained by the methods of indirect sintering. The microstructures of wood are reserved well in porous alumina ceramics. The indirect sintering is a way to prepare porous alumina ceramics with low density and high open porosity, which can also avoid high distortion or cracking of samples, and the bending strength of porous ceramics increases obviously.
		2008 Vol. 29 (5): 402-405 [Abstract] ( 1459 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 295KB] ( 1841 )

	406	Synthesizing and evaluation of chemically modified straw pulp lignin based water reducer
		Jiang Yaqing, Gao Jianming
		Aimed at the chemical modification for straw pulp lignin, the solicitation oxidation and sulphonation processing parameters for preparation chemically modified straw pulp lignin plasticizer （MLP） were investigated. The characteristics of MLP were evaluated by measuring its IR spectrum, adsorbed amount on cement grains, zeta potential of cement and surface tension of MLP water solution. In addition, properties of concrete plasticized with MLP were tested. Experimental results indicate that a kind of lignosulphonate, which has a water reducing rate of 15.2% , with -OH and -SO3 groups, can be obtained by oxidation and sulphonating straw pulp lignin, and that MLP has better adsorption -dispersion ability to cement grains by electrostatic repulsion. MLP may reduce surface tension of water. The properties of concrete plasticized with MLP accord with Chinese standard. As a kind of high range water reducer, MLP may replace lignosulphonates and partially replace naphthalene sulphonated formaldehyde condensates used in concrete.
		2008 Vol. 29 (5): 406-409 [Abstract] ( 1185 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 276KB] ( 1187 )

	410	Preparation and adsorption performance of hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents modified by phenolic hydroxyl group
		Yuan Xinhua, Lei-Yan, Liu-Liming- , Sheng Weichen- , Hu Jie-
		By Friedel-Crafts post-crosslinking reaction with phenol and naphthol, the hypercrosslinked polystyrene adsorbents of LM - 5 and LM - 6 were prepared using gelatin as dispersant and liquid paraffin as porogen. Bromoethane was used as crosslinking reagent to substitute poisonous organic compound of chloromethyl methylether. The physical properties of absorbents illuminate that both phenolic hydroxyl group content and BET surface area of LM - 6 are higher than those of LM - 5. The scanning electron microscope （SEM） spectrogram showed that the hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents modified by phenolic hydroxyl group can be viewed as nanometer polymeric resins. The experiments of selective adsorption and equilibrium adsorption show that the adsorbing aniline and benzene on LM -6 in aqueous solution are pushed mainly by physical force. Adsorbing aniline also partly depends on chemical force, and the value of adsorptive enthalpy illuminates the characteristic of hydrogen-bonded sorption. Owing to the forming of hydrogen-bond, the adsorption capacity of aniline on LM - 6 is distinctly higher than that of benzene. Selectivity of LM - 6 adsorbing aniline is slightly enhanced by the increasing of pH value, while the adsorptive capacity of benzene on LM -6 markedly decreases, and the selectivity of aniline distinctly increases.
		2008 Vol. 29 (5): 410-414 [Abstract] ( 1491 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 347KB] ( 1726 )

	415	Distribution of product gases from hydrogen generation of straw/CMC gasification in supercritical water
		Yan Qiuhui, Guo Liejin
		In order to look for a new technology for upgrading agriculture waste, hydrogen production from straw/carboxymethylcellulose （CMC） gasification in supercriticat water （SCW） was investigated by minimum Gibbs free energy theory and experimental methods. The results show that the main product gases are hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane. There is very large difference in product gases distribution in different temperature range. In the undercritical water range（330 -374 ℃ ） , low supercritical wa- ter range（375 -430 ℃） and high supercritical water range（ ≥430 ℃ ）, hydrogen mole fraction increases from the lowest to the highest in the product gases. High temperature favors hydrogen generation, but the composition of product gases keeps constant when the temperature reaches a high value. Simultaneously, temperature and concentration of feedstock have larger effects than pressure on product gases. High heating value increases with concentration of feedstock, and decreases with temperature. It is proposed that the optimal temperature for hydrogen production from the mixture of 2% straw and 2% CMC gasification in SCW is 450 -600 ℃.
		2008 Vol. 29 (5): 415-418 [Abstract] ( 1191 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 306KB] ( 1573 )

	419	Numerical simulation on fluidization behavior of ferromagnetic particles in magnetically fluidized bed
		Wang Yinghui, Gui Keting, Shi Mingheng, Li Changfeng
		Based on two-fluid model and kinetic theory of granular flow, numerical simulations were carried out to investigate fluidization behaviors of ferromagnetic particles in magnetically fluidized bed （MFB） characterized by high granular concentration and strong interactions among particles. The numerical results indicate that under no or weak magnetic field particles assume bubbling fluidization due to the bubbles occurring in the bed; under moderate magnetic field, particles assume stable fluidization by restraining bubbles formation due to the enhancing effect of magnetic field. However, when the ratio of superficial gas velocity increases further, particles cannot assume stable fluidization since the magnetic forces exerted on particles are not dominant any more to assume bubbles forming in the bed. The numerical results agree well with the experimental data, reflecting the fluidization behavior of ferromagnetic particles in MFB in a large extent.
		2008 Vol. 29 (5): 419-423 [Abstract] ( 1561 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 375KB] ( 1476 )

	424	Optimal design of automotive radiator based on modified genetic algorithm
		Tang Aikun, Pan Jianfeng, Chen Chunwei, Li Detao, Yu Haiqun-
		According to the design requirement of decreasing the volume and material uses, corresponding object function was established. Genetic algorithm was used to optimize the structure of radiator, including the wave hight and distance of the corrugated fin, length and width of the water pipe cross section, and core width as the decision variables. By studying the characteristics of optimization course, population initialization, selection operator and mutation operator of simple genetic algorithms were modified. Optimal design software was developed so as to verify the correctness of optimal model and modified genetic algorithms. Optimal example showed that the heat transfer area was reduced by 31.2% after optimization. So this modified method can obtain a better optimal effect on the radiator structure optimization.
		2008 Vol. 29 (5): 424-427 [Abstract] ( 1459 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 295KB] ( 1633 )

	428	Experiment and device on how magnetic field influencing solution crystal
		Chen Zhaozhang, Wang Henghai, Huang Yonghong, Xu Xiaobin
		In order to find new method of non-clToinjury cryopreservation, the influence of magnetic field on ice crystal formation proceess in KMnO4 solution was studied. Different kinds of magnetic generators were applied, such as rotary magnetic field, megnetic field of square wave superposed sine wave, and 50 kHz magnetic field. In order to achieve a slow and even cooling process, a temperature measuring and controling system was developed by applying virtual instrument technology. The shape of ice crystal influenced by magnetic field was recorded by cryo-microscopc instrument. It is showed that low frequency rotary magnetic field affects the ice crystal formation. Especially, 50 kHz alternated magnetic field can significantly suppress the ice crystal growth in KMnO4 solution. This result is very important in the research of non-cryoinjury cryopreservation of organism influenced by special magnetic field in enviroment with slow temperature dropping rate which is easily obtained, and the result is suitable for real application.
		2008 Vol. 29 (5): 428-431 [Abstract] ( 1366 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 293KB] ( 1587 )

	432	Calculation and remedial strategy for radial force in switched reluctance motors with static eccentricity
		Ji Jinghua, Sun Yukun, Zhao Wenxiang, Wu Jianbin-
		Based on the field analysis, a new simplified radial force model was established in which saturation and fringing flux were considered. The model was compared with those from finite element method. Furthermore, the relationship between the radial eccentric force, rotor position and currents was given which was influenced by the magnetic saturation. It was shown that the radial force decreases with the increasing current for saturation and approaches zero when the field of opposite direction also reaches saturation. Finally, a remedial strategy by using pole currents independently controlled was proposed, which ake the total radial force on the rotor decrease to zero in theory
		2008 Vol. 29 (5): 432-436 [Abstract] ( 1362 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 362KB] ( 1963 )

	437	An algorithm of intrusion detection based on kernel mapping
		Yin Xinchun, Ge Youbing
		An algorithm of finding distance-based outlier （Cell-Based） was studied. Its disadvantages were pointed out. An algorithm of intrusion detection based on kernel mapping was proposed, which could detect intrusion by finding outliers. The data point was mapped from the original space to a high-dimensional feature kernel space by kernel function, and the distance between the data points was redefined. After initial clustering processing, the number of clusters and the original cluster centers were obtained. Through iterative processing for modified objective function, reclustering of data points was realized. Those points which were out of the cluster centers＇ radius were the outliers. Experiments showed that the data points are more separable in this algorithm. The algorithm can overcome the faults of traditional Cell-Based algorithm, which need to be recomputed from the scratch for every change of the parameters. It also has higher detection rate at higher convergence speed.
		2008 Vol. 29 (5): 437-440 [Abstract] ( 1159 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 280KB] ( 1330 )

	441	An improving method for face recognition based on kernel maximum margin criterion
		Li Guodong, Li Yongzhi
		A new feature extraction method based on kernel maximum margin criterion （KMMC） Was presented for nonlinear feature extraction which is a simple algorithm of statistically uncorrelated optimal discriminant vectors in kernel feature space. Compared with the original KMMC feature extraction method, the proposed method is powerful in eliminating the statistical correlation between feature vectors and improving efficiency of feature extraction in the high dimensional feature space. The experimental resuits on Olivetti Research Laboratory（ORL） face database and YALE face database show that the new method is better than original KMMC and kernel principal component analysis （KPCA） in terms of efficiency and stability about feature extraction.
		2008 Vol. 29 (5): 441-444 [Abstract] ( 1204 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 288KB] ( 1258 )

	445	Structure-behavior relationship of lanthanum dialkyldithiophosphate as lubrication additive
		He Minqiang, Li Weijian, Guo Lifei, Cheng-Xiaonong
		The structure-behavior relationship of lanthanum dialkyldithiophosphate is studied. Ten LaD-DPs with different alkyl chains were prepared. The properties of antiwear and extreme pressure of LaD-DPs as lubricating oil additive in 500SN base oil were investigated by four-ball machine, and the effects of the length of alkyl chain and the structure of primary or secondary alkyl of lanthanum dialkyldithiophosphate additive on the properties of friction-wear and extreme pressure were explored. The results showed that, for carbon numbers in alkyl in a range of 3 to 8, the additives exhibit excellent properties of antiwear and extreme pressure. The antiwear abilities are improved obviously with the increase of carbon number in alkyl. Moreover, the properties of friction and wear of secondary alkyl LaDDPs have advantages over that of primary alkyl LaDDPs. It is suggested that extreme pressure abilities decrease with the increase of carbon numbers in alkyl and the alkyl construction has little effect on the extreme pressure property.
		2008 Vol. 29 (5): 445-448 [Abstract] ( 1217 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 303KB] ( 1521 )

	449	Dehydro-coupling reaction of fluorene in presence of sulfur
		Zhang Lifang, Ni Zhonghai, Zong Zhimin, Wei Xianyong
		The dehydro-coupling reaction of fluorene in the presence of sulfur was investigated. The reaction was carried under four temperatures and the reaction mixture was detected by GC - MS. The main coupling product was 9,9′ - bifluorenyl and the second was 9,9′ - bifluorenylene. The reaction mechanism was discussed briefly and considered as a free radical reaction procedure. The main coupling product 9,9′-bifluorenyl was purified and characterized by melting point measuring, NMR, MS and FTIR. The better reaction condition for yielding 9,9′ - bifluorenyl was explored and the optimized conditions were 6 hours under 250 ℃ or 2 hours under 275 ℃ and the molar ratio of fluorene/sulfur as 1 ： 1. Under the above two conditions the yields of 9,9′ - bifluorenyl were to 37.5% and 42.8% respectively, and the selectivities were 66.3% and 63.0% respectively.
		2008 Vol. 29 (5): 449-452 [Abstract] ( 1853 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 269KB] ( 1700 )

	453	Regional energy supply-demand model and dynamic analysis under influence of time delay
		Tian Lixin, Qian Heping
		Considering the complex relationship among energy supply, demand and prices, and the time delay for energy producing enterprise to regulate the energy supply after getting information on market demand, the regional energy supply-demand model under the influence of time delay is set up. By studying its dynamic behavior from the stability of equilibrium point, phase diagram and Dulac function, and by analyzing the stability of equilibrium points by main monomial analysis, a stable condition for energy supply, demand and import can be reached. For the given energy balance of the two regions （Jiangsu and Shanxi） , the current situation of energy supply and demand during 2000-2005 is analyzed. The model is verified to reflect the actual regional energy supply and demand to a large extent. It offers a strategy for China＇ s energy-economic system to maintain a high growth and healthy, stable development.
		2008 Vol. 29 (5): 453-456 [Abstract] ( 1151 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 326KB] ( 1504 )

	457	Synchronization of generalized Hénon hyperchaotic system and its application to secure communication
		Cai Guoliang, Zhou Weihuai, Zheng Song, Wang Haoxiang-
		Synchronization of generalized Hénon hyperchaotic system is studied. A new control scheme to synchronize generalized Hénon hyperchaotic system based on the exact linearization and invariant mani- fold theory is proposed. The merit is that the controller is contrasted only by the system output and its delay values. Therefore, it avoids the non-measurability of other state variables and has more advantages to the application in practical engineering. Based on that, a scheme for the synchronized systems to secure communication is presented. The results of the computer simulation show the validity of the proposed method and the feasibility of the communicating scheme.
		2008 Vol. 29 (5): 457-460 [Abstract] ( 1208 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 242KB] ( 1451 )

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