Karl Marx expounded the humannature relationship in the process of analyzing capitalist mode of production in Capital. The relationship between man and nature and its development are not only constrained by the development of social productive forces, but also by the development of relations of production. The contradiction between man and nature is intensifying constantly under the capitalist system. The final resolution of the contradiction between man and nature can only be realized through the advanced and rational development of productive forces on the basis of socialist public ownership. The thought about twodimensional trends on humannature relationship has important implications for deepening the understanding of the complexity of international environmental governance as well as the theory of the ecological civilization in China. The thought is conducive to strengthening the theoretical confidence and the practice awareness on Ecological Civilization of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics.