Abstract：In order to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources and improve the utilization rate of water resources. A new solution method was explored for optimizing allocation of water resources, the benefits of the society, economy and ecology were integrated to set up the comprehensive objective function. The optimal configuration model based on simulated annealing particle swarm optimization was designed. Meanwhile, the idea of simulated annealing was introduced into the basic particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the problem that the particles are easily falling into the local minimums. Dali County, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province was taken as the research area, three kinds of water sources including surface water, groundwater, other water and five kinds of different water users were set up. The simulated annealing particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to solve the optimal allocation scheme of water resources under three guarantee levels(P=50%, 75%, 95%)in two level years of 2020 and 2030. The results show that: under 75% of the incoming water, the water supply of surface water, groundwater and other water were 19 601.89×104 m3, 12 000.29×104 m3 and 8 655.69×104 m3 in 2020; the water supply were 25 936.30×104 m3, 17 345.87×104 m3 and 7 685.42×104 m3 in 2030. Compared with the water supply before optimization, the water saving amount was 333.11×104 m3 and 404.76×104 m3, respectively.
