月灌溉用水量分布式优化模型

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8530.14.0074

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摘要针对大型灌区作物种植结构复杂、不同区域作物需水量差异较大的特点,以GIS为平台,建立了灌区月灌溉用水量分布式优化模型.模型将灌区栅格化,以每个栅格的月灌溉用水量作为决策变量,以作物生育阶段作物水分生产函数为基础,以灌区作物产量最大为优化目标,考虑了水量平衡、渠系配水能力、水资源投入量、灌水时间、可供水量以及非负共6个约束条件.以澳大利亚马兰比季灌区2006—2007年8月、10月和12月的优化结果为例,优化后月灌溉用水的高峰期与河流径流的高峰期同期,且优化后的灌溉用量小于同期观测值.此外,优化后的配水结果存在将有限的水资源向经济价值高的作物转移的趋势.因此,月灌溉用水量分布式优化模型可以用于大型灌区内不同尺度月灌溉用水量的优化模拟,且优化后的配水方案更加节水高效.

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	王莹

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关键词 ：灌溉用水量, 分布式, 时空差异, 水分生产函数, 优化配置

Abstract：Cropping patterns are complicated and irrigation requirements of different crops at different stages are quite different at large irrigation areas. Distributed monthly irrigation optimization model(DMIOM)are established with GIS. In this model irrigation areas are divided into 250 m×250 m raster cells. Crop yields of irrigation areas are set as an optimization goal based on water production functions. Six constraints are considered in DMIOM including water balances, canal capacities, water resource supply, irrigation delete time, water availabilities, and nonnegative. Optimization results in August, October and December of 2006—2007 at Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area were taken as an example. Optimized irrigation scheduling match observed data. Irrigation amount of optimized results are less than the value of previous irrigation scheduling. Moreover, there is a trend that limited water resources of optimized irrigation scheduling transferring to economic crops under the balance of water distribution to different crops. Therefore, the DMIOM is a useful model to irrigate effectively for monthly irrigation optimization with raster cell scales.

Key words： Irrigation water distributed spatial-temporal differences water production function optimization

收稿日期: 2014-05-29

基金资助:

“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD40B00);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51349010);水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(2012490311)

通讯作者: 王莹(1982—), 女, 河北秦皇岛人, 讲师,博士(ying.wang2002@gmail.com),主要从事节水灌溉理论与灌区水管理研究.

作者简介: 彭世彰(1959—2013),男,上海黄埔人,教授,博士生导师(szpeng@hhu.edu.cn),主要从事节水灌溉理论与农田生态效应研究.

引用本文:

王莹^,, 彭世彰, 王龙^,, 杨蕊^,, 文俊^,. 月灌溉用水量分布式优化模型[J]. 排灌机械工程学报, 2015, 33(2): 158-162. Wang Ying^,, Peng Shizhang, Wang Long^,, Yang Rui^,, Wen Jun^,. Distributed monthly irrigation optimization model. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engin, 2015, 33(2): 158-162.

链接本文:

http://zzs.ujs.edu.cn/pgjx/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1674-8530.14.0074 或 http://zzs.ujs.edu.cn/pgjx/CN/Y2015/V33/I2/158

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