Characteristics of total phosphorus loss into surface runoff from farmland
ZHU Hao1, 2, TONG Juxiu1, 2, XIA Chuanan1, 2, LI Jiayun1, 2, HU Xiaonong1, 2, YUAN Yongkun3
1. Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; 2. School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; 3. Qingpu District Water Technology Extension Station of Shanghai City, Shanghai 201799, China
Abstract：To characterize phosphorus loss in surface runoff from farmland,simulated rainfall experiments were performed in a test field in Qingpu District of Shanghai. And different methods of fertilization were implemented to study the total phosphorus loss at different stages of runoff. The results show that phosphorus loss was more in the early runoff stage than that in the late runoff stage with stable heavy rainfall, and loss rate of the former is almost three times that of the latter. However, it takes a much longer time of the late runoff stage, so the mass of phosphorus loss will be large in the late runoff stage, which is approximately 1.5 times that of the early run off stage. Moreover, the total mass of phosphorus loss has a notable correlation with runoff volume where the correlation coefficient of them is close to 1 by computation, so runoff volume has a great effect on the mass of phosphorus loss. On the other hand, different applications of fertilizer also affect the bulk of phosphorus loss. The soil phosphorus would be easier to lose if the direction of fertilizer application is parallel to the direction of surface runoff flow,compared to the perpendicular flow. And the peak value of total phosphorus concentration in the former condition is almost 2.5 times that in the latter condition. The results will provide a significant reference for the reduction of reduce phosphorus loss and the corresponding non-point source water pollution.
[1]沈连峰,苗蕾,韩敏,等.河南省淮河流域不同土地利用类型氮磷流失的特征分析[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(4):77-80. SHEN Lianfeng,MIAO Lei,HAN Min,et al.Characteristics analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus loss about diffe-rent land use types of Huaihe River Basin in Henan Province[J].Journal of soil and water conservation,2012,26(4):77-80.(in Chinese)[2]MA Xiao,LI Ye,ZHANG Meng,et al.Assessment and analysis of non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus loads in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Hubei Pro-vince,China[J].Science of the total environment,2011,412/413:154-161.[3]SMITH Douglas R,FRANCESCONI Wendy,LIVIGSTON Stan J,et al.Phosphorus losses from monitored fields with conservation practices in the Lake Erie Basin,USA [J].Ambio,2015,44(Suppl.2):319-331.[4]PÄRN Jaan,PINAY Gilles,MANDER Ülo.Indicators of nutrients transport from agricultural catchments under temperate climate: a review[J].Ecological indicators,2012,22:4-15.[5]童菊秀,刘洋,孙怀卫.土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)的地表径流迁移试验研究[J].排灌机械工程学报,2014,32(3):271-276. TONG Juxiu,LIU Yang,SUN Huaiwei.Experiments on chromium migration from soil to surface runoff water[J].Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2014,32(3):271-276.(in Chinese)[6]徐翠兰,孙振海,孟佳佳.地下水位调控对冬小麦排水中氮磷浓度的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2015,33(10):887-894. XU Cuilan,SUN Zhenhai,MENG Jiajia.Influence of underground water level regulation on nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of drainage in winter wheat fields[J].Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2015,33(10):887-894.(in Chinese)[7]朱成立,郭相平,刘敏昊,等.水稻沟田协同控制排灌模式的节水减污效应[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(3):86-91. ZHU Chengli,GUO Xiangping,LIU Minhao, et al.Reduction of nitrogen, phosphorous and runoff by coordination controlled drainage with basin and ditch in paddy field[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(3):86-91.(in Chinese)[8]JIANG Jingyuan,LI Shiyu, HU Jiatang,et al.A modeling approach to evaluating the impacts of policy-induced land management practices on non-point source pollution: a case study of the Liuxi River watershed, China [J].Agricultural water management,2014,131(1):1-16.[9]CHEN Eileen,MACKAY D Scott.Effects of distribution-based parameter aggregation on a spatially distributed agricultural non-point source pollution model[J].Journal of hydrology,2004,295(1/2/3/4):211-224.[10]EMIL Lisa A,GREENE Richard P.Modeling agricultural nonpoint source pollution using a geographic information system approach[J].Environmental management,2013,51(1):70-95.[11]LI Kun,SIMA Xiafeng,DING Shiqi, et al.Effects of controlled release fertilizer on loss of nitrogen and phosphorus from farmland[J].Agricultural science & technology,2012,13(8):1727-1732.[12]李瑞鸿,洪林,罗文兵.漳河灌区农田地表排水中磷素流失特征分析[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(12):102-106. LI Ruihong,HONG Lin,LUO Wenbing.Characteristic analysis of phosphorus loss in surface drainage from cropland in Zhanghe irrigation district[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(12):102-106.(in Chinese) [13]周林飞,郝利朋,孙中华.辽宁浑河流域不同土地类型地表径流和壤中流氮、磷流失特征[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(4):737-742. ZHOU Linfei,HAO Lipeng,SUN Zhonghua.Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus losses through surface flow and interflow on different types of land in Liaoning Hunhe Basin[J].Ecology and environmental sciences,2011,20(4):737-742.(in Chinese)[14]穆天亮.黄土坡面土壤溶质随地表径流迁移特征与数学模型[D].西安:西安理工大学,2009.[15]许其功,刘鸿亮,沈珍瑶,等.三峡库区典型小流域氮磷流失特征[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(2):326-331. XU Qigong,LIU Hongliang,SHEN Zhenyao,et al.Cha-racteristics on nitrogen and phosphorus losses in the ty-pical small watershed of the Three Georges Reservoir area[J].Acta scientiae circum stantiae,2007,27(2):326-331.(in Chinese)[16]WAN Y,EL-SWALFY S A.Sediment enrichment mechanisms of organic and phosphorus in a well-aggreated oxi-sol[J].Journal of environmental quality,1998,27(27):132-138.[17]张亚丽,张兴昌,邵明安,等.降雨强度对黄土坡面矿质氮素流失的影响[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(3):55-58. ZHANG Yali,ZHANG Xingchang,SHAO Ming’an,et al.Impact of rainfall intensity on soil mineral nitrogen loss by runoff on loess slope [J].Transactions of the CSAE,2004,20(3):55-58.(in Chinese)[18]鲁耀,胡万里,雷宝坤,等.云南坡耕地红壤地表径流氮磷流失特征定位监测[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(8):1544-1553. LU Yao,HU Wanli,LEI Baokun,et al.The monitoring of nitrogen and phosphorus loss by surface runoff in Sloping Red Soil Fields of Yunnan Province,China[J].Journal of agro-environment science,2012,31(8):1544-1553.(in Chinese)
