Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion)

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Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion)

	2016 Vol.37 Issue.6 Published 2016-11-10

	Article

Article

	621	Advancement of non-pneumatic wheels and mechanical characteristics
		ZHAO You-Qun, FU Hong-Xun, LIN Fen, LI Ya-Qi
		The basic concept of tire safety technology was briefly introduced, and the basic connotation, the structure and main categories of non-pneumatic wheels were described in detail. Several kinds of representative products of non-pneumatic wheels were enumerated with Tweel wheel, honeycomb wheel and mechanical elastic wheel, and the current technical status of non-pneumatic wheels was analyzed. Based on the vertical mechanical properties, the longitudinal mechanical properties, the lateral mechanical characteristics and the grounding and mechanics characteristic factors, the research status at home and abroad of mechanical properties of non-pneumatic wheels was reviewed, and the main advantages and disadvantages of non-pneumatic wheels were analyzed. The technical problems of non-pneumatic wheels in current research were pointed out, and the future development trend was predicted.
		2016 Vol. 37 (6): 621-627 [Abstract] ( 1502 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1823KB] ( 2543 )

	628	Analysis and design of two-parameter shifting schedule for parallel hybrid electric bus
		TIAN Shao-Peng, LEI Lei, WU Lei
		According to the structure of parallel hybrid electric bus (PHEB) and typical China conditions, the parallel electric auxiliary control strategy was used for the PHEB. A segmented and crossed design method of shifting schedule was proposed to select appropriate shifting schedule based on the different operation modes of PHEB and the opening degree of throttle. The vehicle model and the parallel electric auxiliary control strategy were established with the cooperation between AVL Cruise and Matlab. The simulation results show that compared with the best economic shift control strategy, the acceleration performance is improved by 6.3%, and the economy is greatly improved compared with the optimal power shift control strategy. The simulation study of dynamic performance and fuel economy demonstrates that the designed shifting schedule can ensure the vehicle dynamic performance with suitable economy.
		2016 Vol. 37 (6): 628-633 [Abstract] ( 1350 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2319KB] ( 1688 )

	634	Effects of structural parameters on trapping characteristics of diesel particulate filter
		TANG Dong, WANG Xi-Fan, WEI Jian-Fei, ZHAO Cen
		A model of diesel particulate filter(DPF) was established to simulate inside and in expansion tube area gas flow and particulate trapping process with different diameter ratios and CPSI. The effects of diameter ratio on the gas flow at axial and radial directions and particulate distribution were investigated. The influence of channel density on fluid flow and trapping efficiency in DPF was also investigated. The results show that proper decrease of diameter ratio can improve flow uniformity and decrease particle cluster in central axis, which is beneficial to reduce the load in the central axis of DPF. The flow fluctuation in the expansion tube area is reduced for small diameter ratio, which is good for the flow and particulate to enter into DPF and improve the collection efficiency. Increasing CPSI can increase flow resistance in DPF and affect flow uniformity, which is beneficial to improve collection efficiency.
		2016 Vol. 37 (6): 634-639 [Abstract] ( 1307 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2355KB] ( 1745 )

	640	Handling stability of three-axle vehicle with dual-front-axle-steering system
		WU Zhi-Cheng, CHEN Cong
		The handling stability of three-axle vehicle with dual-front-axle-steering system was influenced by steering angle ratio of front axle to middle axle. A differential equation with tire magic formula was established to describe the plane motion with two degrees of freedom of three-axle vehicle with dual-front-axle-steering system. The vehicle steady and transient responses on steering wheel angle step input were numerically simulated. The influences of steering angle ratio of front axle to middle axle on steady and transient responses of several vehicles with different wheelbase and position of mass center were contrasted. The change rules of yaw angular velocity gain, reaction time and overshoot with steering angle ratio of front axle to middle axle were acquired. The results show that the handling stability can be improved by changing the steering angle ratio of front axle to middle axle according to vehicle design parameters.
		2016 Vol. 37 (6): 640-644 [Abstract] ( 1099 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2069KB] ( 1951 )

	645	Experiment analysis of hydraulic retarder brake performance based on dimension analysis
		LIN Cai-Xia
		To disclose the essential rule of influence factor on hydraulic retarder brake， the effects of working media physical parameters, working parameters and geometry parameters on hydraulic retarder brake performance were tested and verified based on dimension analysis. The criterion function of brake torque was deduced with parameters of Re, Pr, Eu, unit dip angle and chordal section length ratio. The theory and experiment research results show that the torque performance is affected by oil temperature. The torque is inversely proportional to Pr for the same working liquid, and the torque is decreased with the increasing of Pr. The larger the Re is, the more violent the working media flows with increased torque. The torque is increased with the increasing of oil pressure, and the torque driving force comes from the pressure difference of working media.
		2016 Vol. 37 (6): 645-649 [Abstract] ( 1163 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2469KB] ( 1745 )

	650	Longitudinal force estimation for motorized wheels driving electric vehicle based on improved closed-loop subspace identification
		XU Xing, CHEN Te, CHEN Long, WANG Wu-Jie
		In order to realize the control and coordinated allocation of tire longitudinal force for motorized wheels driving electric vehicle, a longitudinal force estimation method was proposed based on improved closed-loop subspace identification. The characteristics of electric drive system of motorized wheels driving vehicle was analyzed to propose a longitudinal force estimation model. The road simulation test on chassis dynamometer was carried out, and the experimental data were collected. The subspace identification algorithm N4SID was deviated when model input and noise were correlated. To solve the problem, an improved closed-loop subspace identification method was investigated. The results show that compared with N4SID identification method, the improved closed-loop subspace identification method has better anti-interference ability with higher longitudinal force estimation accuracy and better real-time tracking capability, which can meet the requirements of driving force model predictive control based on data driving.
		2016 Vol. 37 (6): 650-656 [Abstract] ( 1189 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2045KB] ( 2029 )

	657	Shift schedule of parallel hybrid electric vehicles under hybrid driving mode
		HE Ren, XU Yi-Qiang
		To improve the economic property of a single-axis parallel hybrid electric bus with AMT， the shift schedule was researched under hybrid driving mode. The shift schedule was obtained by choosing systematic efficiencies of engine efficiency，motor efficiency and battery pack efficiency as optimum objective and by selecting engine torque，motor torque and vehicle speed as shift control parameters. The efficiency shifting points were optimized by genetic algorithm(GA). The simulation of the proposed efficiency shift schedule was carried out on the platform of AVL Cruise under cycle condition of urban driving cycle (UDC). The results indicate that compared to the traditional shift schedule with two parameters of vehicle speed and throttle opening，the efficiency shift schedule can improve the fuel economy and reduce emissions of the hybrid electric bus without degrading vehicle dynamic performance.
		2016 Vol. 37 (6): 657-662 [Abstract] ( 1148 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3378KB] ( 2029 )

	663	Automtic leaf surface region segmentation from crop image
		ZHANG Lian-Kuan, PAUL Weckler, XIAO De-Qin
		Leaf surface region segmentation from crop images is a crucial step for obtaining crop information. The leaf surface region segmentation （LSRS）from crop images was proposed. The color segmentation was used to obtain green region in crop images， and the smoothness segmentation was applied to identify smooth parts in green regions. Using the erosion method and the pixel number of each region， the noises were eliminated by LSRS to separate big noise and leaf regions into different parts by connectivity scheme. The dilation method was finally used to obtain whole leaf surface region. The experiments were conducted with several crop leaf images to verify the proposed method.The results show that compared to existing methods, the proposed system can automatically segment leaf surface region from complicated crop images.
		2016 Vol. 37 (6): 663-669 [Abstract] ( 1407 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3643KB] ( 1546 )

	670	Cause analysis for large titanium inclusion in wire rod cord steel
		LEI Jia-Liu, XUE Zheng-Liang
		To simulate the dissolution behavior of foreign titanium inclusion particle in molten steel, the tire cord steel casting slabs from production field were remelted through vacuum induction furnace in the laboratory， and the artificially prepared TiN particles with size of 50~74 μm and 100~180 μm were added during remelting process. Combined with the dissolution kinetic model of TiN particle，the genesis of lagre titanium inclusion in wire rod was analyzed. The dissolution dynamics calculation of TiN particle show that the TiN particle with size of 180 μm dissolves in liquid steel completely only for a few seconds. The titanium inclusions in the remelted specimens are regular shape, which mainly come from the precipitations in liquid steel during solidification process rather than the adding residual of uncompletely dissolved TiN particle. It is supposed that the large titanium inclusion in wire rod most likely comes from continuous casting mould fluxes.
		2016 Vol. 37 (6): 670-674 [Abstract] ( 810 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2120KB] ( 1686 )

	675	Analyses of melting properties and structure of CaO-SiO2-B2O3-boron mudslag system
		WANG Hong-Ming, GUO Ya, LI Gui-Rong
		To investigate the effects of boron mud content on the melting properties and structure of CaO-SiO2-B2O3-boron mudslag system, the melting temperature and the viscosity of slag system were determined by hemisphere and rotating cylinder method， respectively. The phase composition and the silicate micro-structure units were investigated by XRD and Raman spectrum. The results show that the melting temperature and the viscosity of slag system are decreased with the increasing of boron mud content. At 1 200 ℃, the viscosity of slag system is reduced from about 3.0 Pa?s to 0.5 Pa?s with the increasing of boron mud content from 5% to 15%. The main phases of the slag system are 2CaO?SiO2, calcium magnesium silicates of Ca14Mg2(SiO4)8, Ca5MgSi3O12 and Ca3Mg(SiO4)2 and CaO?B2O3. Raman spectrum analysis indicates that the complex silicate network begins to depolymerize with the increasing of boron mud content. The number of non-bridge oxygen increases with decreased number of bridge oxygen, which inevitably causes the decreasing of slag viscosity. The conclusions are consistent with the previous experimental results.
		2016 Vol. 37 (6): 675-678 [Abstract] ( 1315 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1797KB] ( 1518 )

	679	Influence of amplitude on propagation distortion of finite amplitude acoustic wave
		LAN Chao-Feng, SUI Xue-Mei, HAN Chuang, GUO Xiao-Xia, LI Feng-Chen
		To confirm the characteristic of nonlinear propagation, the propagation distortion of single-frequency and double-frequency acoustic wave was investigated by theories and experiments. According to the propagation equation of single acoustic wave by Riemann Earnshaw and Bessel-Fubini, the simulation harmonic curves were got in the process of nonlinear propagation, and the threshold relationship between nonlinear effect and amplitude of single-frequency acoustic wave was observed based on experiments. Based on the mathematical analytic formula of nonlinear cumulative velocity of acoustic wave and gradient of acoustic waves at discontinuity point after nonlinear interaction of two acoustic waves by Burgers equation, the relation curve of nonlinear cumulative velocity of acoustic wave, transitive gradient and amplitude ratio of acoustic wave were simulated. The results show that when acoustic wave propagates with nonlinear effect in medium, the characteristic of nonlinear propagation has cumulative effect. When the initial phase difference is 0 or π, the nonlinear interaction is gradually decreased or increased among nonlinear cumulative velocity of acoustic wave, transitive gradient and amplitude ratio of acoustic wave. When the amplitude ratio is increased to a certain value, the nonlinear cumulative velocity of acoustic wave and the transitive gradient both tend to a constant value.
		2016 Vol. 37 (6): 679-683 [Abstract] ( 937 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1940KB] ( 2421 )

	684	Development and application of several georobots in automatic monitoring
		PAN Guo-Rong-1, LI Wei-2
		Because of the long and narrow metro tunnel, the single georobot is difficult to complete the monitoring task. Based on the advantage of georobots in automatic deformation monitoring, the automatic deformation monitoring system was developed for subway. According to the characteristics of subway tunnel, the free stationing was used by several georobots to construct monitoring network. The adjoining georobots were contacted by measuring common points, and the datum points at both ends of the tunnel on the platform and raw observations were used to conduct integral adjustment on the transformation parameters. The monitoring points altitude errors caused by curvature and refraction were corrected to realize high precision of automatic monitoring data processing of subway. The hardware system and monitoring program were given, and the experiments were completed on corridor of Survey Building of Tongji University and Longbai Xincun tunnel of metro line 10. The results show that the monitoring system can realize automatic monitoring data collecting, data communication between computer and georobots, automatic storage and processing of data. The proposed system can get real-time and accurate monitoring results and accomplish unattended automatic deformation monitoring tasks independently. The experiment results show that the accuracy of the system reaches the sub millimeter level in general observation environment with millimeter level even in tunnel system.
		2016 Vol. 37 (6): 684-690 [Abstract] ( 1285 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1861KB] ( 2163 )

	691	Design of coreless-stator bearingless permanent magnet motor with Halbach array for flywheel energy storage system
		ZHU Huang-Qiu, LU Rong-Hua, HU Ya-Min, HUANG Jian-Bo
		To effectively simplify the system structure and improve the power density and efficiency, the design of a motor/generator was proposed for flywheel energy storage system with outer-rotor and coreless-stator-type bearingless permanent magnet motor with Halbach array. The working principle of the outer-rotor bearingless permanent magnet motor was described. The structure and the performance of Halbach array permanent magnet rotor were analyzed. Air gap magnetic field, back-EMF, suspension force, unilateral magnetic pull force and electromagnetic torque of the motor were calculated and analyzed by finite element method. The rotor eddy current loss of the bearingless permanent magnet motor was analyzed by transient finite element method coupled with external circuit. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional bearingless motor, the coreless-stator bearingless permanent magnet motor with Halbach array has better performance of air gap magnetic field, back-EMF, suspension force, unilateral magnetic pull force, electromagnetic torque and rotor eddy current loss, which is suitable for the application in flywheel energy storage system.
		2016 Vol. 37 (6): 691-697 [Abstract] ( 2001 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2910KB] ( 2732 )

	698	Object tracking algorithm via incremental orthogonal projective non-negative matrix factorization
		WANG Hai-Jun, GE Hong-Juan, ZHANG Sheng-Yan
		To avoid the tracking performance degradation of traditional trackers by occlusion, scale change and illumination change in videos, an object tracking algorithm was proposed based on incremental orthogonal projective non-negative matrix factorization(IOPNMF) and L1 norm. The L1 norm was introduced into IOPNMF subspace for reconstruction to ensure the learned part-based appearance model to tolerate different noises. Another L1 norm was enforced on orthogonal projection coefficients by iterative operators to obtain IOPNMF basis vectors, which enabled the proposed algorithm to tackle the dynamic video stream with robust tracking. The tracking object was represented by linear combination of IOPNMF basis vectors, and the partial occlusion factor was introduced into the observation model to update the selective IOPNMF subspace. The proposed algorithm was realized by MATLAB, and the comparison experiments with six other algorithms were conducted on challenging videos with occlusion, illumination change, scale change, motion blur and background clutter. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve good robust and stable object tracking with the lowest center location error of 4.3 pixels and the highest overlap rate of 0.84.
		2016 Vol. 37 (6): 698-705 [Abstract] ( 930 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3360KB] ( 1690 )

	706	Stress analysis of asphalt concrete pavement for continuous box girder bridge under interfacial contact condition
		WANG Xun-Tao, FENG Jian-Hu, WANG Hu
		An interlaminar contact model of deck pavement for a continuous box girder bridge was established and computed by ANSYS software. The effects of thickness and elastic modulus of deck pavement, cohesive force between layers and void area between layers on the stress of asphalt concrete pavement were analyzed. The results show that the thickness of upper layer of asphalt concrete is suitable from 4 cm to 6 cm, and the thickness of waterproof almost has slight effect on the stress of asphalt concrete layers. Increasing the elastic modulus of upper and lower layers of asphalt concrete can respectively increase the stresses, while increasing the elastic modulus of waterproof can decrease the stress of asphalt concrete layers. When the cohesive force between two neighbouring asphalt concrete layers is greater than 1.2×105 Pa, all kinds of stresses of asphalt concrete layers nearly remain unchanged. The relative position between void area and load region has great influence on the stresses of asphalt concrete layers.
		2016 Vol. 37 (6): 706-712 [Abstract] ( 959 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2557KB] ( 1436 )

	713	Expansive ratio and expansive potentiality of expansive soil under different loadings
		WU Ke-1, WU Hao-Tian-2, ZHANG Wen-2, WANG Ya-Jun-2
		Based on the expansive ratio experiments of expansive soil under different loading conditions, the quantitative computing method of expansive potentiality was obtained for the expansive soil of tunnels in Baise in Guangxi province. The effects of time and compression force under different loadings on expansive ratio and expansive potentiality were investigated. The results indicate that the expansive potentiality is increased with the increasing of compression force, while the expansive ratio is decreased. The relationship between expansive ratio and pressure can be well represented by power function. Compared to low pressure, the expansive ratio and expansive potentiality are more sensitive to pressure change at high pressure. The variation trends of expansive ratio and expansive potentiality are basically the same with the increasing of pressure. After immersed for two hours, the growth rate of expansive ratio decreases with the increasing of pressure, and the variation trend remains stable in the following four hours. At the beginning of tests, the expansive potentialities of the same expansive soil are the same, and their differences are gradually increased with the increasing of time changes of soil particle distribution and moisture diffusion path by pressure force. The swelling characteristics of expansive soil can be well represented by expansive potentiality during the expansion process, and the trend of expansive potentiality with the variating of time and stress has the same significance with that of expansion rate.
		2016 Vol. 37 (6): 713-718 [Abstract] ( 1156 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1574KB] ( 2385 )

	719	Buckling analysis for super-long pile considering self-weight of pile and lateral frictional resistance
		LI Chuan-Xun-1, LIU Xiao-Zhao-1, WU Wen-Bing-2
		Considering the effects of lateral resistance of soil, frictional resistance between pile and soil and self-weight of pile, and choosing proper deflection function of pile and elastic resistance model of lateral soil, the analytical solutions of buckling load and the calculation length of super-long pile were obtained by the method of Rayleigh-Ritz and the theory of minimum potential energy. The effects of lateral resistance of soil, frictional resistance between pile and soil and self-weight of pile on buckling load and calculation length of super-long pile were also analyzed. The results show that the buckling load of super-long pile is mainly influenced by lateral resistance of soil, while the frictional resistance between pile and soil has slight effect on buckling load of super-long pile. When the ratio of depth to length of pile is small, the influence of pile self-weight on buckling load should be considered. The influence of self-weight of pile is gradually decreased with the increasing of the ratio.
		2016 Vol. 37 (6): 719-723 [Abstract] ( 821 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1580KB] ( 1778 )

	724	Analysis on seismic response of lead rubber bearings in cable-stayed bridge
		CHEN Shui-Sheng, ZHONG Han-Qing, GUI Shui-Rong
		To make the seismic isolation design more reasonable, the lead rubber bearing（LRB） isolation parameters were selected by single index analysis to discuss the effect of stiffness ratio on seismic isolation. Two analysis models of the bridges with LRB and without LRB were established for Nanchang Chaoyang Bridge, and the Steel02 material was adopted to simulate the hysteric characteristic of LRB. Combining the numerical examples of El-Centro，Qian′an and Taft seismic waves, the comparison of time-history analyses in the two computation models was carried out by Opensees software. The results indicate that LRB has remarkable efficiency on seismic isolation and can effectively reduce seismic response of cable-stayed bridge. The stiffness ratio has slight effect on cable-stayed bridge seismic isolation.
		2016 Vol. 37 (6): 724-729 [Abstract] ( 1056 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1900KB] ( 2448 )

	730	Mesoscopic response of ATB-30 sub-course based on particle flow code
		WU Ping
		The mesoscopic model of ATB-30 was established based on particle flow code. The stress characteristics of ATB-30 under vehicle load were simulated during construction. The evolution of contact force and the displacement of particles at different position of ATB-30 particles were tracked. The particle contact forces of ATB-30 and AC-20 were compared. The results show that the contact forces among particles are different with various extension direction. The large force forms among large particles, and the maximum force is 7.051×104 N before loading with 1.393×105 N after loading. The distribution of force under tires is more intensive with large value. The particle displacement is decreased along the depth direction, and the displacements at two wheel gaps are smaller than those at the middle of wheels. The maximum difference of displacement at the middle of left and right wheels occurs at depth of 0.04 cm with difference of only 0.28 mm.
		2016 Vol. 37 (6): 730-734 [Abstract] ( 896 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1953KB] ( 1837 )

	735	Temperature uniformity analysis of asphalt mixture paving based on thermal imaging
		HU Li-Qun-1, BAO Ying-Bo-1, WANG Tian-Lin-2, ZHANG Jian-Wei-3, LI Huan-1
		The surface temperature of asphalt mixture paving is not uniform to cause thermal segregation, which results in uneasily compacted mixture and makes the local road compaction not meet the requirements with early diseases. The road picture was taken after paving before rolling, and the pavement temperature distribution was recorded by infrared thermal imager to obtain the road surface temperature data at different points. The data visualization processing was conducted by MATLAB software, and the pavement temperature segregation was analyzed by the area percentage of various temperature section. The calculation method of temperature segregation degree (TSD) was applied on a real construction project of asphalt pavement engineering. The results show that the proposed method can realize the quantitative analysis for asphalt pavement temperature uniformity during paving process. Using TSD as index to evaluate the temperature uniformity of asphalt mixture, the real-time monitoring of pavement temperature can be realized in actual construction process to ensure the construction quality.
		2016 Vol. 37 (6): 735-739 [Abstract] ( 1081 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2064KB] ( 1929 )

	740	Determination of construction temperature for modified asphalt mixture
		ZHANG Yi-Luo, GUO Ke, ZHAO Shao-Zong, LI Chen, YANG Zi-Guang
		To investigate the relationship between temperature and viscosity of modified asphalt, using torque to substitute viscosity, the modified asphalt mixing and compaction temperatures were determined with torque of modified asphalt mixture equal to that of matrix asphalt mixture. The temperature of modified asphalt was substituted into viscosity-temperature curve to obtain mixing and compacting viscosities. The reasonable modified asphalt mixing and compacting viscosities were （0.32±0.03）Pa?s and（0.45±0.05）Pa s, respectively. The results show that the mixing temperature corresponding to the maximum bulk density of modified asphalt mixture is similar to that from workability test. The specimens were prepared under the construction temperature from workability test. High temperature, low temperature and water stability tests show that the results meet the requirement of the technical code for construction and acceptance of highway asphalt pavement (JTG F40—2004).
		2016 Vol. 37 (6): 740-744 [Abstract] ( 1543 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1491KB] ( 3576 )

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