乘用车车门侧面柱碰撞性能最优耦合设计

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-7775.2024.06.004

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摘要针对汽车侧面碰撞安全性问题，以某乘用车车门为研究对象，采用仿真分析与数学优化相结合的方法，对驾驶员侧车门的安全性能进行优化分析.根据GB/T 37337—2019《汽车侧面柱碰撞的乘员保护》的测试要求建立侧面柱碰撞仿真模型，进行仿真模型可靠性分析，对车辆侧围的侵入量、车门各部件的吸能情况及车辆的加速度等安全性能指标进行研究.通过设计拉丁方试验和样本数据，建立优化目标的响应面模型，基于非支配排序遗传算法II（nondominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ，NSGAⅡ）对建立的优化数学模型进行多目标优化求解，采用熵TOPSIS法计算Pareto前沿解的欧式距离，确定最终优化方案.结果表明：在车门质量减小1.22%情况下，车门最大侵入量减少了10.28%，车门主要吸能零部件吸能占比提高了16.14%，车门加速度峰值降低了7.58%；优化后的车门在侵入量、加速度以及吸能方面均得到了不同程度的改善，从而加强了车门的碰撞强度，提高了汽车侧面碰撞安全性；优化后车辆加速度峰值减少了16.37%，乘员受到的二次冲击得到改善.

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	王占宇
	王洪林
	郭晓光
	梁会鑫

关键词 ：乘用车, 碰撞安全, 侧面柱碰撞, 车门, 多目标优化

Abstract：To solve the safety problem of automobile side collision, the safety performance of the driver side door was optimized and analyzed by combining simulation analysis and mathematical optimization with passenger car door as research object. According to the test requirements of GB/T 37337—2019 of protection of the occupants in the event of a lateral pole collision, the lateral pole collision simulation model was established, and the reliability of the simulation model was analyzed. The safety performance indicators of the intrusion of the side wall of vehicle, the energy absorption of each component of the door and the acceleration of vehicle were investigated. By designing the sample data of the Latin experiment, the response surface model of the optimization target was established, and the multiobjective optimization solution of the established optimization mathematical model was obtained based on the nondominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ（NSGAⅡ）. The Euclidean distance of the Pareto front solution was calculated by the entropyTOPSIS method, and the final optimization scheme was determined. The results show that when the door mass is reduced by 1.22%, the maximum intrusion of the door is reduced by 10.28%, and the proportion of energy absorption of the main energyabsorbing parts of the door is increased by 16.14%, while the peak acceleration of the door is reduced by 7.58%. The optimized door is improved to different degrees in terms of intrusion, acceleration and energy absorption, which can enhance the door impact intensity and improve the side impact safety of car. The peak acceleration of the vehicle is reduced by 16.37%, and the secondary impact force on the occupants is relieved.

Key words： passenger car crash safety lateral pole collision car door multiobjective optimization

作者简介: 王占宇（1975—），男，吉林集安人，副教授（zywang77@163.com），主要从事汽车碰撞与轻量化研究. 王洪林（2000—），男，吉林榆树人，硕士研究生（3177408683@qq.com），主要从事汽车碰撞与轻量化研究.

引用本文:

王占宇，王洪林，郭晓光，梁会鑫. 乘用车车门侧面柱碰撞性能最优耦合设计[J]. 江苏大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 45(6): 644-652. WANG Zhanyu, WANG Honglin, GUO Xiaoguang, LIANG Huixin. Optimal coupling design of passenger car door structure based on lateral pole collision performance[J]. Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion) , 2024, 45(6): 644-652.

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http://zzs.ujs.edu.cn/xbzkb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1671-7775.2024.06.004 或 http://zzs.ujs.edu.cn/xbzkb/CN/Y2024/V45/I6/644

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