为了提升多用途乘用车的侧面碰撞安全性能,采用有限元分析与实车试验相结合的方法,对其进行了结构优化.建立了该车的有限元模型,通过实车正面碰撞试验与有限元仿真的对比,验证了有限元模型的准确性.根据侧面碰撞法规进行了侧面碰撞仿真分析,采用正交试验设计方法,对B柱内外板和车门加强板选取5个优化参数,分别设置4个水平,得到不同的设计方案.采用极差分析法和多因素权重优化法对试验结果进行分析,找出最显著的因素水平获取最优设计方案.结合侧面结构特点,对车门和B柱结构进行改进得到最终优化方案.将优化后的车型与原车型仿真结果进行对比分析,结果表明:测量点的侵入量和侵入速度都有了明显的降低,验证了优化方案的有效性.

To improve the side crash safety performance of multipurpose passenger vehicle, the combination of finite element analysis and real vehicle test was used to optimize the structure. The finite element model of vehicle was established, and the accuracy of the finite element model was verified by comparing the real vehicle frontal crash test with the finite element simulation. The side collision simulation analysis was carried out according to the side impact regulations. By the orthogonal test, five optimization parameters were selected for the inner and outer plates of Bpillar and the door reinforcement plate, and four levels were set respectively to obtain different design schemes. The range analysis method and the multifactor weight optimization method were used to analyze the test results and find the most significant factor level to obtain the optimal design plan. Combined with the side structure characteristics, the door and Bpillar structures were improved to get the final optimization plan. The comparison between the final optimization model and the original model simulation results shows that the intrusion amount and the intrusion speed of the measurement point are significantly reduced, and the effectiveness of the optimization scheme is verified.