The result shows that: the perception of environmental pollution has a direct impact on improving the willingness of rural residents to classify source of domestic waste; it is positively affecting the awareness of environmental responsibility of rural residents; the mediating effect of the sense of responsibility between their perception of environmental pollution and their intention of source classification has been verified, with 38.50% effect; political identity has a significant positive effect on the willingness of rural residents to source classification of domestic waste, and years of education and political identity significantly enhance their sense of environmental responsibility. Therefore, we should enhance rural residents understanding of the disadvantages and deficiencies of traditional treatment methods such as mixed landfill and incineration of domestic waste and their perception of the hidden and longterm adverse effects of nonclassification of domestic waste, strengthen their awareness of environmental protection responsibility, and improve their willingness to classify, so as to effectively improve rural living environment.