Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion)

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Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion)

	2022 Vol.43 Issue.5 Published 2022-09-10

	497	Analysis of influencing factors on driver lane-changing behavior in tunnel based on Ex-TPB
		SHANG Ting， WU Peng， TANG Jie， QI Hongjiao
		To explore and predict the unsafe lane-changing behavior of drivers in tunnels, a structural equation model of lane-changing behavior of drivers in tunnels was established based on the extended theory of planned behavior (Ex-TPB) by introducing driving habit explanatory variables on the theory of planned behavior. A questionnaire survey was conducted among drivers. Based on 321 questionnaires data, the effectiveness of the structural equation model was analyzed, and from psychology, the psychological factors on driver lane-changing behavior and the relationship among various factors were analyzed. The results show that the structural equation model is suitable for analyzing the lanechanging behavior of drivers in tunnels. Driving habits, lanechanging behavior intention and perceived behavior control have direct positive and significant effects on lane-changing behavior. Driving habits, behavioral attitudes and perceived behavioral control have significantly positive effects on lane-changing behavior intention, while subjective norms have significantly negative effects on lane-changing behavior intention.
		2022 Vol. 43 (5): 497-503 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1315KB] ( 660 )

	504	Active obstacle avoidance control of intelligent vehicle based on pothole detection
		YUAN Chaochun， WANG Junxian， HE Youguo， JIE Shen， CHEN Long， WENG Shuofeng
		To obtain the road potholes condition timely and effectively for improving the driving safety of intelligent vehicles, the non-contact pothole detection method and the active obstacle avoidance control algorithm were designed based on road pothole detection. The road pothole features were extracted by multi-sensor fusion technology, and area calculation and contour extraction of road potholes were conducted based on visual images. By single point ranging laser radar, the pothole depth was measured. The vehicle model and the road pothole model were built by Adams. According to the evaluation index of human comfort, the limit speeds for different size potholes were determined. The active obstacle avoidance algorithm of road pothole was designed based on the fuzzy control theory. The Simulink/Carsim co-simulation was carried out to verify the algorithm. The results show that the algorithm can meet the system design requirements for controlling the vehicle to safely and comfortably pass through the road potholes and effectively reduce the accident rate of vehicles under dangerous conditions.
		2022 Vol. 43 (5): 504-511 [Abstract] ( 51 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5083KB] ( 702 )

	512	Operational safety assessment of straddle monorail vehicle system based on cloud model and improved CRITIC method
		WEN Xiaoxia, NIE Yi, DU Zixue
		An operational safety evaluation method of straddle monorail vehicle system was proposed based on cloud model and CRITIC method. According to the structure and function of the straddle monorail vehicle system, the reliability index system of the straddle monorail vehicle was established, and the weight values of the reliability evaluation index were determined by the improved CRITIC method. The cloud model expression of the reliability evaluation index of the straddle monorail vehicle system was obtained by the virtual cloud. The similarity analysis between the new cloud of the comprehensive reliability index of the straddle monorail vehicle system and the cloud model of the reliability evaluation set was conducted to judge the operation status of the comprehensive cloud model of the straddle monorail vehicle system. The results show that the bogie index, air brake index, train network index, auxiliary system index and the integrated cloud model of the vehicle system are all in the ″main function″ state, which is in good agreement with the actual operation state of Chongqing rail lines. The system reliability evaluation method based on the cloud model and the improved CRITIC method can accurately evaluate the daily operation status of the straddle monorail system in Chongqing.
		2022 Vol. 43 (5): 512-518 [Abstract] ( 65 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2108KB] ( 482 )

	519	Path planning optimization and tracking of parallel parking for driverless vehicle
		YU Leiyan， WANG Xianyu， WU Baogui， HOU Zeyu， WU Yonghui
		To improve safety, parking efficiency, smoothness and riding comfort of parallel parking of driverless vehicles at roadside, the characteristics of parallel parking conditions were analyzed, and the path planning was carried out by quintic polynomial curve. The mathematical model of path planning curve parameters optimization design was established with the abscissa of parking starting position as design variable, and six equality constraints were established based on parking boundary conditions. Three inequality constraints were established based on the requirements of curvature, collision avoidance and reducing parking space, and the weighted sum of the maximum curvature and the absolute value of abscissa of parking starting position was set as objective function. By the particle swarm optimization algorithm, the abscissa of the parking starting position was obtained, and six polynomial undetermined coefficients were calculated. The optimized smooth and continuous curvature planning path curve expression was obtained. Parking path tracking was realized based on the pure pursuit algorithm. The results show that the vehicle can track the optimized path precisely without collision with obstacles, which meets the safety requirements. The steering wheel angle changes continuously to meet the requirements of smoothness and ride comfort.
		2022 Vol. 43 (5): 519-523 [Abstract] ( 48 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1418KB] ( 524 )

	524	Vehicle attitude compensation control based on magnetorheological semi-active suspension
		WANG Ruochen, SHENG Fupeng, DING Renkai, MENG Xiangpeng, SUN Zeyu
		To solve the problems of vehicle body attitude change and vertical vibration due to vehicle driving conditions and uneven road surface， a control method for vehicle semiactive suspension was designed based on magnetorheological semiactive suspension system, which was composed of attitude compensation control algorithm, magnetorheological damper control algorithm and accurate state observer design method. The vehicle attitude control and the suspension vertical vibration control were considered in the attitude compensation control algorithm, and the equivalent damping control of the magnetorheological semiactive suspension system was carried out by the magnetorheological damper control algorithm to optimize the body attitude and improve the vehicle comfort. To estimate the required speed signals more accurately, the actual equivalent damping was used to update the parameter matrices in the observer in real time, and the accurate state observer was constructed. The simulation and experimental results show that body acceleration, pitch angle acceleration and roll angle acceleration can be improved effectively by the proposed control algorithm, and RMS values of them are respectively reduced by 14.03%, 18.26% and 21.39%, which implies the effectiveness of the designed control algorithm.
		2022 Vol. 43 (5): 524-532 [Abstract] ( 46 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4863KB] ( 720 )

	533	Research on one-piece suspension damping pillar based on magnetorheological materials
		HUANG Chen, ZHANG Zhiyu, SUN Xiaoqiang
		To improve the ride comfort of car and the adapting ability to the time-varying road surface, a new integrated suspension design scheme based on magnetorheological materials was proposed to realize the graded regulation of stiffness for the electronically controlled air suspension. The damping pillar of the air suspension was improved based on the characteristics of magnetorheological materials to achieve the infinite regulating of stiffness and the damping of suspension system. The structural composition and working principle of the damping pillar were introduced, and the mathematical models of stiffness and damping characteristics were established respectively. An experimental bench was set up to identify the model parameters according to the experimental results, and the simulation results were compared with the experimental results. The results show the mathematical model of damping pillar is accurate, and the design scheme is suitable.
		2022 Vol. 43 (5): 533-538 [Abstract] ( 44 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 28731KB] ( 441 )

	539	Steering controller of tea garden tractor based on grey wolf optimization algorithm
		LIANG Jun， ZHAO Lei， PAN Chaofeng， CHEN Long
		Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm is widely used in the angle control system of tea garden tractor, but the PID controller brings a lot of parameters setting and hysteresis, which can inevitably reduce the control accuracy and control efficiency. To solve the problem, a tea garden tractor angle controller based on the grey wolf optimization algorithm（GWOA） was proposed. A simplified mathematical model for electric power steering（EPS） system of tea garden tractor was established， and a PIDbased motor currentsteering wheel angle double closedloop control strategy was adopted. The GWOA was designed to optimize the parameters of the traditional PID controller, and the PID angle controller based on GWOA was constructed. CARSIM and MATLAB were used to simulate the tractor operation in real time, and the proposed tea garden tractor angle controller algorithm based on GWOA was verified. The results show that the total current harmonic distortion（THD） of the traditional PID controller is 11.46%, and the THD of the particle swarm optimization（PSO）PID controller is 8.12%. The THD of the proposed GWOA-PID controller is 6.28%, which reduces the current harmonics by 45.2%.
		2022 Vol. 43 (5): 539-546 [Abstract] ( 47 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2824KB] ( 425 )

	547	Power harmonic parameter estimation based on three spectral line interpolation of self-multiplication-convolution Rife-Vincent window
		LEI Kejun， LI Minghao, WANG Xuming, CHEN Qianming, ZHANG Zhiwei, YANG Xi
		When the classical fast Fourier transform method is used to estimate the power harmonic parameters, the fence effect and the spectrum leakage due to non integer period truncation and asynchronous sampling can cause estimation error. To improve the accuracy of harmonic parameter estimation, combined with the advantages of self-multiplication and self-convolution window, a self-multiplication-convolution window was designed based on Rife-Vincent window. With good sidelobe characteristics， the proposed window could effectively suppress spectrum leakage. The estimation formulas of harmonic amplitude, frequency and phase were obtained based on three spectral line interpolation and least square fitting. The simulation experiments were performed under the conditions of complex harmonics, interharmonics and fundamental frequency fluctuations with weak amplitudes. The results show that the proposed algorithm has higher detection accuracy than the classical windowed algorithm.
		2022 Vol. 43 (5): 547-553 [Abstract] ( 33 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1515KB] ( 417 )

	554	Effects of chord length of hydrofoil and azimuth angle on startup performance of vertical-axis hydrokinetic rotor
		KANG Can, WANG Zhiyuan, YE Weiming, DING Kejin
		To solve the problems of small startup moment and long startup time of the Htype hydrokinetic rotor, the simulation and analysis were conducted by the computational fluid dynamics method. The six degree of freedom (6DOF) method was adopted to model the variation of rotational speed of rotor with the torques acting on rotor. Comparison and correlation analysis were conducted among transient flows, rotational speed and output torque at different initial setting angles. The results show that there is no explicit correlation between rotational speed and output torque during the startup process of the vertical shaft hydrodynamic rotor with straight blade. As the rotor starts up at the minimum static torque, the time required to reach the maximum rotational speed and output torque is longer than that associated with the maximum static torque. As the maximum rotational speed is attained, low-pressure zones are produced in the area enclosed by the blades, which is insensitive to the initial setting angle. Large area of lowpressure zones is responsible for low output torque. As the rotor starts up at the maximum static torque, the integrity of the wake flow is relatively high. The rotational speed experiences increasing, decreasing and subsequent regular oscillation, which is common at different chord lengths of the airfoil. As the chord length is increased from 0.16 m to 0.24 m, the startup time is extended by 0.63 s, and the average rotational speed is decreased for the stabilized rotation, but the fluctuation amplitudes remain nearly invariant.
		2022 Vol. 43 (5): 554-561 [Abstract] ( 38 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6685KB] ( 482 )

	562	Operating performance of organic Rankine cycle experimental system in cold region
		LIU Jian, ZHEN Zekang, ZHAO Wenke, ZHANG Yaning, LI Bingxi
		To explore the operating performance of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) experimental system with low coolingwater temperature in cold region, an organic Rankine cycle experimental system was built in Harbin, and the thermal model was also given. The operating performance of condensation temperature, net power output, power generation and powerelectricity conversion efficiency of the system was investigated with heat-source temperatures of 79.0-113.6 ℃ and coolingwater temperature of 6.4 ℃. The results show that the condensation temperature of ORC system with cooling-water temperature of 6.4 ℃ in Harbin is 13.1 ℃, which is 19.0 ℃ lower than that with coolingwater temperature of 30.8 ℃ in Taipei. The maximum electricity generation of the system in Harbin is 1.44 kW, which is 30.9% (034 kW) higher than that in Taipei. The low temperature cooling water in Harbin can reduce the operating condensation temperature of ORC system for improving the power and electricity generation performance of the system.
		2022 Vol. 43 (5): 562-565 [Abstract] ( 37 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5893KB] ( 493 )

	566	Parameter analysis of combined cooling and power system with vapor compression refrigeration cycle and organic Rankine cycle
		DENG Yuheng, CHU Chenyang, SUN Tianyu
		To solve the problem of ambient temperature increasing due to the direct discharge of condensation waste heat from air conditioners, the organic Rankine cycle was adopted to recover the condensation heat of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle. A combined cooling and power system with vapor compression refrigeration cycle and organic Rankine cycle was constructed. R134a and R245fa/R123 (0.5/0.5) were used for vapor compression refrigeration cycle and organic Rankine cycle, respectively. Based on the first law of thermodynamics, the thermodynamic model of cycle was constructed, and the effects of evaporation temperature and condensation temperature on the performance of the combined cooling and power system under the conditions of absorbing total condensation heat and superheated part condensation heat were investigated and compared. The results show that with the increasing of condensation temperature of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle, the net power output of the organic Rankine cycle is increased from 5.7 kW to 6.4 kW, and the power generation is increased from 4.9 kW to 5.5 kW. The net power output is increased from 3.2 kW to 8.4 kW, and the net power generation is increased from 2.5 kW to 7.5 kW with the increasing of evaporation temperature of organic Rankine cycle. However, they are decreased with the increasing of evaporation temperature of vapor compression refrigeration cycle and condensation temperature of organic Rankine cycle. The COP (coefficient of performance) of the VCC-ORC with absorbing all condensation heat is increased by 17.9% to 26.9%. When the working fluid of organic Rankine cycle system absorbs the total condensation heat released by the steam compression refrigeration cycle system, the performance of working and electricity generation is obviously better than that of the recovery method with only absorbing the superheated part heat.
		2022 Vol. 43 (5): 566-572 [Abstract] ( 51 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3085KB] ( 674 )

	573	Thermodynamic analysis of solar heat pump drying system
		YANG Wenjie, WU Hualin, XU Kangjing
		To reduce the energy consumption of the heat pump system, the different solar heat pump drying systems were constructed. Based on the first law of thermodynamics, three thermal models of solar heat pump systems were constructed. The effects of solar radiation intensity, condensation temperature and evaporation temperature on COP (coefficient of performance), evaporative heat load, heating capacity and compressor power consumption of single-stage compression heat pump, dual-stage compression heat pump and single-stage coupled compression heat pump were discussed. The results show that the heating performance coefficients of the three solar heat pump systems are all increased with the increasing of evaporation temperature and decreased with the increasing of condensation temperature. When the evaporation temperature, the condensation temperature and the heating capacity of three systems are all the same, the COP of the two-stage compression system is the largest, and the COP of the single and double-stage coupled compression system is the smallest. Under the condition of the same heat absorption, the single and double-stage coupled heat pump system has the largest heating capacity, while the two-stage heat pump system has the smallest heating capacity.
		2022 Vol. 43 (5): 573-579 [Abstract] ( 42 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1920KB] ( 473 )

	580	Graded co-pyrolysis characteristics of oil shale mixed wheat straw
		CHEN Bin1, YUAN Mengxue, QIU Xihe, WANG Sha, SHEN Jun， GUO Yun
		The co-pyrolysis characteristics and the thermochemical transformation of organic carbon of oil shale mixed wheat straw biomass were investigated at different temperature stages (t=348， 476， 521 ℃) by the fixed bed product classification recovery. GC-MS was used to analyze the structure of pyrolysis products qualitatively and quantitatively. The results show that the synergistic effect is mainly reflected in the catalysis of minerals in the pyrolysis process of biomass in oil shale at t=348 ℃, and it is also reflected in the influence of minerals in biomass ash at t=476 ℃ on critical asphalt molecular cracking process. The H/C atomic ratio of biomass pyrolysis products is significantly increased by the mixed pyrolysis, and the transfer of oxygen elements from pyrolysis oil to pyrolysis gas is promoted to improve the production of shale oil and promote the early pyrolysis of long straight carbon chains. The heteratomic hydrocarbons generated at t=476 ℃ pyrolysis are also increased to a certain extent.
		2022 Vol. 43 (5): 580-586 [Abstract] ( 39 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1684KB] ( 421 )

	587	Bubble behaviors and flow boiling heat transfer characteristics in microchannel with cavities
		WANG Yinghui， LIU Jianting
		Volume of fluid (VOF) model and userdefined function were applied to simulate the flow boiling of water in microchannel with Vshaped, trapezoidal, square and dovetail-shaped cavities on the heating wall. The effects of cavity shape on the bubble behaviors of bubble nucleation, growth, detachment and coalescence were analyzed. The results show that when the heat flux on the wall is 300 kW· m^-2, all cavities are activated as boiling nucleation sites. Compared with the other cavities with V, trapezoidal and square shapes, the onset of boiling time in microchannel with dovetailed cavities is relatively earlier when flow boiling occurs. In the nucleate boiling stage, compared with the trapezoidal cavity, the growth and detachment times of the bubble in the microchannel with dovetailed cavity are decreased by 7.50 ms and 6.70 ms， respectively, while the detachment frequency of the bubble is increased from 33.8 s^-1 to 66.7 s^-1, which is helpful to enhance the flow boiling heat transfer of water in microchannel. The coalescence and elongation of the detached bubbles in microchannel can increase the evaporation area of liquid film near the heating wall and improve the disturbance of the liquid phase simultaneously. However, it can cause local drying on the heating wall and reduce the stability and reliability of flow boiling heat transfer in microchannel.
		2022 Vol. 43 (5): 587-592 [Abstract] ( 45 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2882KB] ( 533 )

	593	Flow and heat transfer characteristics of fin-tube fluoroplastics heat exchanger
		HU Zicheng, CHEN Kainan, YIN Dixi, CAI Chuanchuan, GE Fenghua
		To improve the flow and heat transfer performance of fluoroplastics heat exchanger, the thermal resistance ratio of the fluoroplastics heat exchanger was analyzed. The flow and heat transfer model of fintube heat exchanger was established, and the effects of fin parameters, tube spacing parameters and fluoroplastics species on the flow and heat transfer performance of heat exchanger were simulated. The results show that the average thermal resistance ratios in air side and tube wall are up to 60.0% and 30.0%, respectively. Nusselt number（Nu）and pressure drop keep almost constant with the increasing of fin thickness. With the increasing of fin spacing and tube longitudinal spacing,Nu number is increased, and pressure drop is decreased. With the increasing of tube transverse spacing, Nu number is decreased, and pressure drop is increased. When fin spacing, thickness, tube transverse and longitudinal spacing are respective 9, 1.2, 10 and 20 mm, the optimal comprehensive performance of fluoroplastics heat exchanger can be obtained. Compared with heat exchanger with smooth fluoroplastics tube, the total heat transfer coefficients of the common fin-tube fluoroplastics heat exchanger and the fin-tube graphene flurorplastics heat exchanger are increased by 2.5%-21.0% and 16.0%-55.0%, respectively.
		2022 Vol. 43 (5): 593-598 [Abstract] ( 42 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2319KB] ( 477 )

	599	Electricity consumption prediction based on Deep AR neural network time-series model
		QIU Xihe， RU Yajun， CHEN Bin， GUO Yun
		To predict the electricity consumption demand accurately, based on the data set of PJM company in the United States, the deep autoregressive recurrent networks (Deep AR) timeseries model was utilized to predict the electricity consumption of Commonwealth Edison Company at a certain 12hour interval in the future. Based on the distribution parameters of the data in the long short term memory network (LSTM), the predicted value was obtained by sampling in the distribution. Mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were used as evaluation indexes for predicting short-term electricity consumption, and the model was compared with the time-series model of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) algorithm model and the Prophet algorithm model. The results show that the three performance indexes of MAE、RMSE and MAPE of the Deep AR algorithm model in predicting short-term electricity consumption are respective 1 070.01, 1 279.31 and 6.12% with high prediction accuracy. The proposed algorithm can not only predict electricity consumption in the future, but also can predict the probability distribution for further describing the globality of events.
		2022 Vol. 43 (5): 599-603 [Abstract] ( 41 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1781KB] ( 621 )

	604	Multi-factor prediction of permanent deformation of asphalt pavement at continuous variable temperature
		ZHANG Zhengqi, SHAO Jinwan, ZHAO Qinsheng, SHI Jierong, YANG Xinhong
		The effects of ambient temperature, driving load and driving speed on the permanent deformation of asphalt pavement were explored. The grey correlation method was used to determine the significance level of the influence of multiple factors of continuous temperature change conditions, pavement material deformation characteristics and construction quality on rutting deformation. According to the principle of equivalent rutting deformation, the equivalent temperature numerical simulation analysis was carried out, and the rutting deformationtemperature relationship model was obtained to determine the equivalent temperature of rutting deformation in different months. A finite element analysis method of longterm permanent deformation of asphalt pavement was established based on ABAQUS, which was used to analyze the variation law of actual rutting deformation of asphalt pavement with service time. The results show that the environmental temperature, the driving load and the driving speed all have great influence on the rutting deformation of asphalt pavement, and the decreasing influence sequence is the environmental temperature, the driving load and the driving speed. The numerical simulation analysis of equivalent temperature shows that the monthly equivalent temperature of rutting can effectively characterize the rutting deformation of the pavement. The established prediction model can effectively predict the permanent deformation of the asphalt pavement, which can provide reference for controlling the construction quality of the asphalt pavement and guiding the later maintenance of the pavement.
		2022 Vol. 43 (5): 604-611 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2438KB] ( 418 )

	612	Analysis of stability and support pressure of driving face in shallow buried rectangular pipe jacking with large section
		YU Miao, LIU Wei, SHI Peixin, JIA Pengjiao
		Based on the underground project attached to the station of Suzhou Rail Transit Line 5, the stability of driving face of the rectangular pipe jacking was investigated. The silo and wedge model was modified, and the effective support pressure was derived based on the limit equilibrium theory. The maximum support pressure was obtained by optimization method, and the parameter analysis was carried out. The results show that the support pressure is decreased with the increasing of soil strength parameter, and it is increased with the increasing of tunnel geometry parameter.The support pressure result obtained by the optimized wedge model is greater than that by the traditional silo model, which is conducive to avoiding construction risks. The actual support pressure (71.00-90.00 kPa) is greater than the theoretical calculation result of 51.36 kPa, which indicates that the support pressure is suitable. The surface collapse or large settlement is presumed to be construction failure or insufficient support force due to unfavorable stratum conditions.
		2022 Vol. 43 (5): 612-620 [Abstract] ( 51 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2621KB] ( 440 )

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