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Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion)
 
2015 Vol.36 Issue.2
Published 2015-03-10

Article
Article
125 Switching control strategy of integrated electromagnetic and
friction brake system
HE Ren, TANG Bao, ZHAO Qiang
In order to investigate the coordinated relations among different braking modes of integrated electromagnetic and friction brake system, the switching control strategy was proposed based on the sufficient analyses of different braking modes. The strategy included two parts of management strategy and coordinated control strategy of braking torque. Two representative switching situations were chosen to carry out the simulations on the modeling platform of Matlab/Simulink and Matlab/Stateflow. The simulation results show that on the premise of meeting braking requirement, the switching control strategy improves the working condition of traditional friction brake, and effectively ensures the braking comfort in the process of modes switching. The switching control strategy can improve the vehicle brake performance.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 125-129 [Abstract] ( 1758 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1840KB] ( 1598 )
130 Fatigue analysis of horn bracket based on virtual iteration technique
WANG Liang-Mo, ZHAO Ye, XU Juan, YUAN Liu-Kai, ZHANG Tang-Bin
To solve the problem of fractured truck horn stand, the virtual iteration technique combined with finite element method (FEM) was used to analyze the fatigue life of horn stand. The neutral files of half frame and cab were established based on the FEM modal analysis. The multibody dynamic model of flexible frame, cab and virtual test rig was established by rigid flexible coupling modeling method. Virtual iteration technique was utilized to obtain the corresponding load spectrums of horn stand and the fatigue analysis of horn bracket. The results show that the area with the maximum damage value of 31.356 is consistent with actual fracture site. Adding a piece of stand can improve the fatigue life of bracket. The maximum damage value of the improved bracket is less than 1.000, which can meet the fatigue life requirement. Under the premise of model accuracy, the load spectrums extracted through virtual iteration can be effectively applied into fatigue analysis of vehicle components.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 130-135 [Abstract] ( 1339 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 7801KB] ( 1265 )
136 Simulation on combustion and emissions of agricultural
diesel engine fuelled with methanol/biodiesel
LI Rui-Na, WANG Zhong, HOU Ling-Chuan, LI Ming-Di, ZHAO Yang
 To investigate the combustion and emissions of small agricultural diesel engine fuelled with methanol/biodiesel, the calculation model of the combustion process of 186FA diesel engine was established by a 3D CFD software. The model was validated by comparing the experimental values with simulation results. The combustion processes and the emissions of biodiesel and biodiesel with 15% methanol (BM15) were calculated at 3 000 r·min-1 and 5.7 kW. The results show that compared with biodiesel, the ignition delay period with BM15 as fuel is increased, and the corresponding crank angle of heat release rate is prolonged with slight decrease of the maximum cylinder pressure. However, the maximum rate of pressure rise and the maximum rate of heat release are increased slightly. The maximum combustion temperature changes lightly with narrowed high temperature zone. When the crank angle is from 370.0° to 400.0°, the low concentration area of O2 is bigger than that with biodiesel as fuel, and the average concentrations of NOx and soot are decreased.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 136-141 [Abstract] ( 1276 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2758KB] ( 1234 )
142 Cavity flow in doublelayer multiholes diesel injector nozzle
WANG Qian, LI Nian, HE Zhi-Xia, YAN Yi, ZHANG Liang
 In diesel engines,the cavity flow in nozzles not only greatly affects the characteristics of fuel atomization, but also has great influence on the subsequent combustion and exhaust emissions. However, the changing of detail structure of diesel nozzle tip greatly affects the flow characteristics in the nozzle hole. Taking a certain type of nozzle as research object, the simulative calculation model of multiphases flow in the engine nozzle hole with highpressure injection was established by AVL FIRE software. The effects of different orifice position and injection pressure on the characteristics of twophase flow were investigated. The results show that when the injection pressure is fixed, the happened moment, the distribution region and the intension of cavitation in nozzle are affected by nozzle position, and the distribution of pressure, the turbulence velocity and the liquid turbulence energy are also different. When the injection pressure changes, the intension of the cavitation phenomena is promoted by the increase of injection pressure.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 142-147 [Abstract] ( 1565 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 11999KB] ( 3081 )
148 Numerical simulation on cyclone separator  characteristics of
circulating fluidized bed boiler
LEI Lei, YUAN Long-Ji
To solve the problems of lack theoretical guidance on mathematical model in structural size design for cyclone separator and without optimization and adjustment for geometrical structure in actual operation, the CFB cyclone separator of a power plant in Jiangsu was selected as research object. Based on the numerical simulation and experimental data, the performance of cyclone separator was investigated. The results show that with the decreasing of boiler load, the tangential and axial velocities in cylinders and cones and internal rotation flow in cyclone separator are decreased. The overall pressure drop is decreased due to the internal rotation loss which is the main part of overall pressure drop. When the boiler is under the condition of low load, the normal inlet has large impact on separation efficiency. Increasing the valve opening in induced draft fan can  improve the cyclone separator inlet wind speed in actual operation with improved separation efficiency.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 148-152 [Abstract] ( 1128 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1623KB] ( 1762 )
153 Finite element analysis on contact fatigue for supporting
 roller in large scale rotational molding equipment
ZHOU Jian-Zhong, ZHU Tao, HUANG Shu, JIANG Ping, XUE Yuan, Wang-Jiang-Ming, Chen-Liang
Rotational molding process is an attractive plastic molding technology. As the key transmission and brace component, the fatigue life of roller has great influence on equipment performance. To forecast fatigue life of roller, rollertyre nonlinear contact model with finite element method (FEM) was established in ANSYS APDL based on classical Hertz contact theory to obtain the stress distribution rule. Combining with virtual load spectrum acquired by dynamics simulation in ADAMS software, fatigue life prediction was conducted by the collaborative simulation technology to provide dangerous weak area. The effect of transition fillet radium of weak area on fatigue life of roller was analyzed. The results show that the weak area locates at the transitional segments between spoke and flange. With the increasing of radium, fatigue life is improved observably. The fatigue life is reduced when the radium is over a certain critical value.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 153-158 [Abstract] ( 1314 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4288KB] ( 1286 )
159 Modal analysis of metallurgical hot water circulating
pump at high temperature and pressure
LIU Hou-Lin, BAI Yu, DONG Liang, LIU Ming-Ming, XIAO Jia-Wei
In order to obtain the vibration performance of metallurgical hot water circulating pump in actual working state, the rotatable and stationary parts were modeled by Pro/E software. The modal without prestress was calculated by ANSYS Workbench to analyze the effect of material property on the modal of two parts.Based on the pump performance test, the modals with pre stress under high temperature at high pressure and normal temperature at normal pressure were computed by fluidstructure interaction(FSI) method. The all ordered natural frequencies and amplitudes of rotatable and stationary parts were compared under different conditions.Not only the stiffness of rotor system was checked from critical speed, but also the first six ordered vibrational modes of rotatable and stationary parts were provided.The results show that part structure and material property are the major determining factor for each ordered natural frequency, while the prestress has slight influence on natural frequency. The amplitudes of rotatable and stationary parts have no change under different conditions. The part structure is the major deciding factor for each ordered natural frequencies. The rotor of the hot water circulating pump is a stable rigidity system.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 159-164 [Abstract] ( 2224 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3637KB] ( 1188 )
165 New approach for locating foreign fiber in cotton
GAO Gai-Li, LIU Peng-Chuan
To solve the problems of identification complexity for foreign fibers in cotton with slow computing speed and unable eliminating foreign fibers in production line, based on the foreign fiber images obtained from production line, a new method was proposed to segment images online and locate foreign fibers by standard deviation. G component of RGB images was extracted to enhance the gray value. The standard deviations of gray values of image column pixels were used to locate the foreign fibers in wide and high directions of the images. According to the width and height location informations of foreign fiber images, the exact positions in cotton conveyed pipeline were further determined. The method was applied in image recognition with plastic ropes, plastic films, hemp ropes, colored lines and feathers. The recognition results show that the foreign fibers can be quickly and accurately segmented and recognized. Using Matlab software on PC for one 3 096 × 60 pixel image, it takes approximately 0.04 s from reading image to obtaining exact pixel position of foreign fibers. The running time of the proposed algorithm can be shortened with FPGA hardware system. It is expected to realize online eliminating foreign fibers.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 165-170 [Abstract] ( 1095 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4493KB] ( 1349 )
171 Nearinfrared laser Raman spectra of ethanolwater
solution for different volume concentration and temperature
ZOU Xiao-Bo, SHEN Le-Cheng, SHI Ji-Yong
The variations of nearinfrared laser Raman spectra of ethanolwater solution for different volume concentration and temperature were investigated.The Raman spectra of ethanol water solution with volume concentrations from 0 to 100% were acquired at temperature range from 10 to 30 ℃ using a portable nearinfrared laser Raman spectrometer. The volume concentration predictive model was established with temperature and Raman spectrum values together to improve prediction accuracy.  The results show that the correlation coefficient (Rc) of PLS model with temperature values is 0.997 6, and the root mean square error correction (RMSEC) is 1.94 with correlation coefficients of prediction models (Rp) more than 0.995 0. The overall forecast results are enough good and stable to meet the volume concentration determination of ethanol water solution at different temperatures, and the model has  high applicable scope to meet actual detection requirements. The influences of temperature on ethanolwater solution were further clarified to establish the relationship between nearinfrared Raman spectroscopy and temperature. 11 PLS models of temperature were established at volume concentration interval of 10% from 0 to 100%. The results show that the correlation coefficient (R) are among 0.734 4 and 0.954 7. R values are increased with the increasing of volume concentration.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 171-175 [Abstract] ( 1804 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1383KB] ( 1686 )
176 Online detection of cracked eggs based on
acoustic resonance analysis
SUN Li, ZHU Ye-Ming, GU Hao, YUAN Lei-Ming, XU Deng-Cheng
An online system was developed based on acoustic resonance with digital signal processing (DSP, TMS320C5509A) system for eggshell crack detection. Signal acquisition and processing, automatic impact and upper computer sub modules were improved to meet the requirements of automatic and industrialized production. Acoustic signals of egg were motivated, acquired and processed by the proposed system. Based on experiments, differences between the signals of intact and cracked eggs were analyzed by spectral analysis. Five egg excitation resonant characteristics of zeropass points in time signal, the frequency bands and amplitudes of the first two characteristic peaks in frequency signal were used as input vectors of identification model to discriminate intact and crack eggs. The results show that the identification rates of cracked eggs and the detecting speed can reach above 90% and 4 eggs per second, respectively. The proposed system has significant potential for online detection of cracked eggs.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 176-180 [Abstract] ( 1360 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1378KB] ( 1627 )
181 Evaluation on  metric characteristics of search engines
WU Sheng-Li, TAN Yan-Zhi, SHI Hua-Ji
 Performance evaluation of search engines is an important aspect of information retrieval. Many evaluation metrics have been proposed with different characteristics. Accurate and reliable judgment is required to select an optimal metric among many candidates. Based on t test, a method was proposed, and empirical investigation was conducted to compare five commonly used metrics of average precision (AP), precision at 10 document level (P@10), recalllevel precision (RP), reciprocal ranking (RR) and normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG). The results show that NDCG is the best, which is followed by AP, RP and P@10 with the worst of RR. The proposed method is able to provide quantitative conclusion for the comparison of any two metrics.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 181-186 [Abstract] ( 1255 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1574KB] ( 2055 )
187 A novel method for constructing  corresponding relationship
between sequential image and respiratory signal
CUI Xue-Li, LIU Yang-Chuan, XIA Wei, GAO Xin
To quickly and accurately assign the positions of sequential images in respiratory cycle for building lung respiratory motion model, a novel distance correlation method was proposed to determine the corresponding relationship between 4D CT and respiratory signal by comparing the distance of in vitro labeling in 4D CT datasets with respiratory signal over the same time period. The proposed method was used to construct the correlational relationships between respiratory signal obtained by binocular visual system and 4D CT. The model error of a linear lung motion model built by the proposed method was calculated to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The error of the linear lung motion model based on the distance correlation method was within 2.5 mm. Compared with the motion model based on the gradient correlation method, the error was reduced more than 10%. Experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective with high accuracy, and it is suitable for constructing the relationship between sequential images and respiratory signal.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 187-190 [Abstract] ( 1063 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3292KB] ( 1120 )
191 Review on development of deep learning
ZHANG Jian-Ming, ZHAN Zhi-Cai, CHENG Ke-Yang, ZHAN Yong-Zhao
To solve the insufficiency of shallow learning expression ability and the excessive dimension disaster due to the feature dimension, deep learning was used due to the unique hierarchies and capability of extracting high level features from lowlevel features, and brought new hope for artificial intelligence. The development of deep learning during different periods was introduced. The basic models of RBM, AE and CNN were analyzed to present the deep hierarchical structures of DBN, DBM and SAE. The applications of deep learning in the fields of speech recognition, computer vision, natural language processing and information retrieval in recent years were introduced to illustrate the superiority and flexibility of deep learning compared with other shallow learning algorithms. Some future research directions were predicted based on the analysis, and some conclusions were made according to the improvement of deep learning on algorithm generalization, adaptation of big data and modifying on deep structure.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 191-200 [Abstract] ( 2957 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1615KB] ( 4047 )
201 Secondorder fuzzy immune active disturbance rejection control
scheme of threemotor synchronous system
LI Hui, LIU Xing-Qiao, LI Jing
In order to solve the contradiction between system fast response and small overshoot, and to further improve the  control performance of control system, the secondorder fuzzy immune active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) strategy was proposed combined with immune control theory and ADRC technology. The robustness of the control system was improved by bioadaptive immune mechanisms, and the contradiction between small overshoot and short rise time was resolved to some extent. Speed and tension were strongly decoupled by the secondorder ADRC technology. Nonlinear intelligent immune control was achieved by fuzzy algorithm. The stability of control system was proved. The results of simulations and experiments show that the control strategy is superior to the traditional PID control. The twoorder fuzzy immune ADRC has rapid response speed, strong decoupling ability, high tracking accuracy and strong antiinterference ability.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 201-208 [Abstract] ( 1039 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2799KB] ( 1114 )
209 A new control method of suspension force for bearingless
brushless DC motor
ZHU Huang-Qiu, DAN Long
To overcome the shortcomings that the suspension forces of rotor were small, the inverter of suspension force windings shut on and off many times and the control systems were complicated by conventional control method of suspension forces in bearingless brushless DC motor (BLDCM), a new control method of suspension force was proposed for BLDCM. Threephase windings of suspension forces were excited simultaneously to generate radial suspension force in the proposed control method. In order to verify the effectiveness of new control method, the suspension force was analyzed and calculated by finite element method (FEM). The control system was simulated by Matlab/Simulink. The results show that the radial suspension force is increased by 35% with the same currents of suspension force windings by the proposed control method. The rotor can be suspended stably, and the whole control system has fine static and dynamic performance.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 209-214 [Abstract] ( 1303 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3292KB] ( 1467 )
215 Synthesis and conductive/electrochemical properties of
polypyrrole/graphitic carbon nitride composites
SHENG Wei-Chen, WU Ping, CHEN Qiao, CHEN Cai-Feng, CHEN Bin
Polypyrrole/graphitic carbon nitride composites were synthesized via in situ polymerization. The conductive/electrochemical properties of polypyrrole/graphitic carbon nitride composites with different ratios of PPy to gC3N4 were investigated. Scanning electromicroscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), Xray diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) were used to determine morphology and structure of the composite materials (PPy/gC3N4). The results indicate that the PPy particles are deposited on the surface of  gC3N4, and a small amount of PPy particles are intercalated in the interlayer of gC3N4. The conductive and electrochemical properties of  PPy/gC3N4 composites were investigated by fourprobe and cyclic voltammetry. The conductivity of the composites rises first with latter decreasing, and reaches the maximum value for gC3N4 content of 15%. The cyclic voltammetry test presents that the composites possess excellent redox reversibility. The specific capacitance of  PPy/ gC3N4 composites increases with the increasing of  gC3N4 content.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 215-219 [Abstract] ( 1216 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3355KB] ( 1408 )
220 Formation mechanism and properties of nonchromium
color passivation for zinc coating
FAN Yun-Ying, JIN Hai-Ling, CUI Huan-Huan
Galvanization can significantly improve corrosion resistance property of steel. However, the easy corrosion in humid environment can lead to losing protection to steel. In order to improve the corrosion resistance property, the chromiumfree silicate color passivation film was prepared on A3 steel with galvanized layer.  Xray photoelectron diffraction spectra (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical work station and neutral salt spray tests were used to investigate the composition, forming process and corrosion resistance. The results show that the obtained passivation film consists of Zn4Si2O7(OH)2·2H2O, SiO2, ZnO and Zn(OH)2. The neutral salt spray test can reach 75 hours, which is equal to commercial Cr3+ passivation.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 220-223 [Abstract] ( 1079 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2053KB] ( 1527 )
224 Influence of hydrothermal temperature on  structure and
photoluminescence property of Cedoped ZnO nanorods
The Cedoped ZnO nanorods were synthesized by the simple hydrothermal method, and the effects of hydrothermal temperature on the structure and photoluminescence property of Cedoped ZnO nanorods were also discussed. The structures and optical properties of assynthesized nanorods were investigated by Xray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, energy dispersive Xray spectrum, photoluminescence spectroscopy and UVvis spectrophotometer. The results show that the increase of hydrothermal temperature is beneficial to the incorporation of Ce ions into the lattice position of Zn ions in ZnO, and the Ce ions are +4 oxidation valance state. The average diameter of Cedoped ZnO nanorods is less than 10 nm, and the length is increased with the increasing of hydrothermal temperature. According to calculation results, the relative PL intensity ratio of ultraviolet emission to deep level emission of ZnO nanorods is increased with the increasing of  hydrothermal temperature, which mainly due to the improvement of  crystallization quality. The redshift of absorption peaks in UVvis spectra is induced by  various hydrothermal temperature.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 224-227 [Abstract] ( 1111 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2150KB] ( 1172 )
228 Preparation and catalytic performance of PW/SiO2 aerogel  for
FriedelCrafts acylation of pyrene to 1benzoylpyrene
CHEN Min, XU Lu-Lu, WANG Zhi-Wei, WEI Wei, YIN Heng-Bo
The silica aerogel was synthesized by solgel process and dried at ambient pressure. The silica aerogelsupported phosphotungstic heteropoly acid (PW/SiO2 aerogel) was prepared by impregnation method and used as  catalyst for FriedelCrafts acylation of pyrene with benzoic anhydride to prepare fine chemical 1benzoylpyrene. The asprepared catalysts were characterized by specific surface area measurement, Xray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and temperatureprogrammed desorption of ammonia. The results show that 40% PW/SiO2 aerogel has optimum catalyst activity in acylation reaction with 75.9% yield and 100.0% selectivity for 1benzoylpyrene after reacting at 60 ℃ for 40 min under ambient pressure. The PW/SiO2 aerogel catalyst has good catalytic activity after running for five times, which indicates that the catalyst can be used repeatedly.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 228-232 [Abstract] ( 1146 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1722KB] ( 1194 )
233 Bending bearing lifetime function of prestressed concrete
bridges under chloride contaminated environment
WEI Pu, XIAO Ru-Cheng
Based on Fick second law of diffusion and a pitting depth and configuration model, the corrosion initiation time and the remaining area of prestressing steel were analyzed using Monte Carlo method. The deterioration of bending resistance was calculated according to the corrosion analysis results. The lifecycle reliable probability of bending was calculated using time variant load model and Monte Carlo method. The probability results were fitted by Weibull distribution function, which showed a good accordance. The influences of important parameters of beam depth, concrete cover thickness, surface chloride content, chloride diffusion coefficient and corrosion current density on structure deterioration were analyzed. The results show that beam height has minor impact on durability, while concrete covering demonstrates large influence on lifetime function. Further countermeasures should be taken with respect to surface chloride content, chloride diffusion coefficient and corrosion current density.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 233-239 [Abstract] ( 1114 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1904KB] ( 1284 )
240 Experiment of polymer plastering mortar
JIAO Chu-Jie, LAI Xue-Quan, HU Zhi-Yong, WANG Long, CHENG Cong-Mi
To solve the crack,empty,tympanic and desquamate quality problems in wall plaster layer,seven groups of polymer mortar with different mixture ratios and one group of normal cement mortar were prepared based on previous achievements of the authors′ research group. The mortar properties of consistency, layered degree, setting time, bonding strength, compressive strength and flexural strength were determined. The experiment results show that the adding of polypropylene fiber, emulsion powder, cellulose ether, wood fiber and expansive agent can improve mixability and waterretaining property of mortar with enhanced  working performance and anticracking ability of mortar, and can reduce the ratio of compressive strength to flexural strength of mortar with strengthened bond strength between walls and plaster mortar layer and with prolonged setting time of fresh mortar. The improving mechanism of the above five additives to mortar performance is analyzed, and three groups of optional selection polymer mortar are obtained as references for engineering application.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 240-244 [Abstract] ( 1477 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1304KB] ( 1538 )
245 Static experiment of improved bonded anchor for CFRP tendons
LIU Rong-Gui, CHEN Bei, LI Shi-Quan, XIE Gui-Hua
The improved program of bonded anchor was investigated, and the static tension test with anchor was conducted. The main steps and programs of the static tension test were introduced. The improved anchors with length of 180 mm could anchor 8 mm CFRP tendon effectively with corresponding ultimate tensile stress of 115 kN. The straight type anchors with length of 280 mm could anchor 8 mm CFRP tendon effectively with corresponding ultimate tensile stress of 119 kN. The static experimental results show that the improved scheme is feasible and effective. The testing and calculation methods of bond stress were introduced. The checking results show that the bond stress distribution curve is consistent with experimental result. Pasting strain gauge on the surface of CFRP tendon directly with suitable distance, the method of analyzing the distribution of bond stress by measuring points strain is feasible to calculate the corresponding experimental data by formula. In the loading process, the error is obvious with the maximum error of 7.20%, while without error under ultimate load.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 245-248 [Abstract] ( 984 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2800KB] ( 1234 )
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