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Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion)

	2014 Vol.35 Issue.2 Published 2014-03-10

	Article

Article

	125	Recognition method of safety belt wearing based on GA-BP
		Ge Ruhai, Hu Manjiang, Zhang Xuerong, Su Qingzu
		To avoid the nonstandard safety belt wearing and improve the wearing rate of safety belt, the recognition method of safety belt wearing was proposed based on GA-BP. The binarized image pixel values from safety belt polar coordinates were extracted by image processing technique as characteristic vector to represent the safety belt wearing state, and the dimension was reduced by PCA method. The BP neural network algorithm was used to establish recognition model of safety belt wearing. To improve the accuracy of recognition model, the genetic algorithm was used to optimize weighted value and threshold value, and the recognition model of safety belt wearing was also built based on GA-BP. The proposed models were verified by practical examples. The results show that the method is reasonable and effective, and can be used to recognize different wearing states of safety belt with good applicability.
		2014 Vol. 35 (2): 125-131 [Abstract] ( 1455 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 9247KB] ( 2193 )

	132	Simulation and improvement of a light truck in A-pillar impact
		Wang Liangmo1, Chen Dongyi1, Zou Xiaojun2, Zhang Tangbin2, Zhang Zunzhi2
		To improve the crashworthiness of light truck, the finite element model of a light truck was established. Cab modal analysis and vehicle 100% frontal collision simulations were carried out. The test and simulation results were compared to verify the finite element model. According to ECE R29-03 standard, the simulation methods of A-pillar impact test were proposed for a light truck with gross mass less than 7 500 kg. According to the simulation results, the cab was crushed, and the A-pillar and the rear wall were severely deformed. The non-resilient parts were contacted with manikin, and the living space could not satisfy the requirements. To enhance the collision performance, some improvement mea-sures with filling structural foam in A-pillar and adding rear wall reinforcing plate and beam were applied. The simulation results show that the cab stiffness is promoted with optimized transfer path of force, and the energy absorption becomes more homogeneous without penetration into survival space.
		2014 Vol. 35 (2): 132-136 [Abstract] ( 2099 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3337KB] ( 1933 )

	137	Handling and stability of pure electric bus based on velocity and load ch
		You Zhuan1,2, He Ren1, Liu Wenguang1, Zhang Zhongfan3
		Based on the characteristics of pure electric bus with heavy battery and great transferring axle load, the non-linear dynamic analytical model was established with considerations of driving velocity and load change under curve driving condition. The fitness function was constructed by computer simulation technology and experimentation design method. Genetic algorithm was proposed to realize the parameter identification of the non-linear cubic tire model. The simulation results show that the higher the initial velocity and deceleration in cornering with braking are, the transient response becomes more sensitive with worse handling and stability. With the increase of load, the steady value of yaw rate gain decreases with worse steering response and sensitivity, while the steady value of roll angle is increased with increased rollover possibility. The simulation results are consistent with the real vehicle test data, which illuminates the feasibility of parameter identification and the accuracy of the model.
		2014 Vol. 35 (2): 137-143 [Abstract] ( 1702 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2223KB] ( 1445 )

	144	Failsafe drive performance of EVs with four in-wheel motors
		Tian Shaopeng, Lan Zhiyu, Xu Wenli
		To improve the failsafe drive performance of four in-wheel motor-drive-type EVs, a novel control strategy of the motor failure condition was proposed. The motor failure factor was detected to estimate failure type. According to the steering wheel angle and the accelerator pedal location, the control target was confirmed, and the coordination control of motor torque was regulated quickly to meet the expectations of vehicle longitudinal force and yawing moment. Based on the dynamic model of a seven DOF in-wheel motor drive vehicle, the simulation of the proposed control strategy was carried out. The results show that the algorithm can enhance driving performance in high accelerator pedal and small steering wheel angle, and improve riding safety in low accelerator pedal or large steering wheel angle.
		2014 Vol. 35 (2): 144-148 [Abstract] ( 1632 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2116KB] ( 1865 )

	149	Hydraulic characteristics of backward-facing step flow
		Xiao Xiao, Wu Shiqiang, Fan Xinjian, Wu Xiufeng
		The backward-facing step flow is a classic research topic of separation flow. To investigate the flow structure of backward-facing step and discuss the step flow hydraulic characteristics, three-dimensional k-ε turbulence model was built by FLUENT software to simulate the backward-facing step flow in wide Reynolds number range from 50 to 50 000. Comparing the simulation results with PIV test results, the recirculation zone features and the recirculation zone length changes were analyzed. The results show that analog value agrees well with test value with stable recirculation zone. The consistent trend of recirculation zone length illuminates that the model results are reliable. The hydraulic features of backward-facing step flow are affected greatly by recirculation zone, particularly in the separation point of minimum pressure with vorticity diffusion along the edge of recirculation zone. The velocity is minimum in the recirculation center zone with great turbulent energy.
		2014 Vol. 35 (2): 149-153 [Abstract] ( 1432 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2292KB] ( 2015 )

	154	Energy effect and erosion mechanism associated with impact on solid surface by waterjet
		Kang Can1, Liu Haixia2, Zhou Liang1, Yang Minguan1
		Using PDPA measurement technique and high-speed photography, the cross-sectional distributions of jet velocity were determined, and the fluctuations of jet stream profile were analyzed. The turbulent waterjet under consideration was produced at jet pressure of 280 MPa. The quartz sand particles were added into waterjet to generate abrasive waterjet to impact Al alloy plates. The resultant surfaces were examined by SEM and a 3D optical profiling system to obtain small-scale profiles. The results indicate that the continuous and concentrated segment of jet stream is significantly responsible for the impact capability of jet stream. The segment is featured by a center valley of turbulent RMS velocity distribution. The fluctuations of jet stream profile in longitudinal direction are statistically represented by gray scale values from high-speed images. The concentration level of jet stream can be described by gray scale values. Due to the cooperative action between high speed sand particles and waterjet, cutting traces, truncation traces and impact traces are evidently presented. The traces are definitely associated with the longitudinal distance between nozzle exit and solid surface.
		2014 Vol. 35 (2): 154-159 [Abstract] ( 1262 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4905KB] ( 1926 )

	160	Erosion performance of self-excited inspiration pulse jet device in deep water
		Gao Chuanchang, Su Boyuan, Zhang Shibin, Liu Caiping, Li Hang
		To improve the jet effect in deep water, relying on self-developed test system, the operation parameters which affect device performance and erosion effect were experimentally investigated for certain structure parameters of self-excited inspiration pulse jet device. The relationship among working pressure, water depth and inspiration efficiency was determined by non-dimensional analysis to analyze the effect laws on device performance and erosion effect. The results show that the inspiration is an effective way to improve device performance and erosion effect. The inspiration efficiency of the device is affected by working pressure and water depth, and increased with the increasing of working pressure, but decreased with the increasing of water pressure. The value of relative impact of self-excited inspiration pulse jet in jet axial is larger than that of non-inspiration. In the water depth range from 10 to 60 m, with the increase of working pressure, the relative impact of the device is increased slowly in linear law, while the inspiration efficiency is increased in logarithmic law. When the working pressure is constant, the erosion surface area of self-excited inspiration pulse jet is larger than that of non-inspiration pulse jet, but the difference between them is reduced with the increase of water depth.
		2014 Vol. 35 (2): 160-164 [Abstract] ( 1147 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1989KB] ( 1342 )

	165	Measurement of anthocyanin content in flowering tea using near infrared spectroscopy combined with ant colony optimization
		Huang Xiaowi, Zou Xiaobo, Zhao Jiewen, Shi Jiyong, Zhang Xiaolei
		To improve the detecting accuracy and rate of anthocyanin content in flowering teas, a detection method was proposed based on near infrared spectroscopy combined with interval PLS and ant colony optimization. The flowering tea spectra were divided into 12 intervals， and three subsets of No. 1, 9 and 10 were selected to establish an iPLS model. The calibration and prediction correlation coefficients were 0.901 3 and 0.864 2, and the RMSECV and RMSEP were 0.160 0 and 0.202 0 mg?g-1， respectively. The results show that compared with conventional iPLS, the ACO-iPLS can effectively select wavelength regions of near infrared spectroscopy and improve accuracy and robustness.
		2014 Vol. 35 (2): 165-170 [Abstract] ( 1245 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1790KB] ( 1909 )

	171	Numerical simulation of multi-mode excitation of ultrasonic infrared thermal wave detection
		Tian Gan1, Zhang Wei1, Jin Guofeng1, Yang Zhengwei1, Song Yuanjia1
		To solve standing wave in ultrasonic infrared thermal wave detection, the multiple pattern excitation method was proposed. The finite model of composite materials with cracks was established to numerically analyze the testing method with two excitations. The simulation results show that the proposed multiple pattern excitation method can enrich harmonics and high harmonic component of response waveform to eliminate standing wave effectively. The detection capability of the ultrasonic heat wave technology is also improved to avoid secondary damage to materials.
		2014 Vol. 35 (2): 171-175 [Abstract] ( 1421 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1966KB] ( 1462 )

	176	Extraction and properties of soybean dregs protein
		Ma Xiuting1, Xiao Zhigang1,2, Luo Zhigang3, Ye Lingling1, Sun Xu1, Gao Yang1, Liu Haifei1
		The soybean residue protein was extracted by the process of alkali dissolving, ultrasonic treatment and acid precipitation.For 4 group specimens with the same pH, ratio of solid to liquid ratio, temperature, ultrasonic time and ultrasonic power were selected as studying factors to investigate the yield of protein with single-factor test.The extractions of soybean residue protein by alkali-soluble acid deposition and ultrasonic-assisted process were compared by thermodynamic stability, SDS-page gel electrophoresis, amino acid composition, proteins spread index(PDI) and dissolved nitrogen index(NSI).The results show that the yield of soybean residue protein is improved by ultrasonic-assisted extraction without obvious protein degeneration.
		2014 Vol. 35 (2): 176-182 [Abstract] ( 1328 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1935KB] ( 2067 )

	183	Thermo-mechanical coupling characteristics on elastic solid subjected to thermal shock
		Wang Yingze, Song Xinnan
		With the considerations of delay effect and coupling effect， the thermoelastic dynamic model was established based on the generalized thermoelasticity. The short-time analytical solutions for one-dimension thermal shock problem were deduced according to Laplace transform and inverse transform. Numerical simulation was conducted to discuss the transmission of thermoelastic wave in elastic solid and the influence of delay and coupling effects on the thermoelastic response. The results show that the thermal shock is weakened by delay effect, while this weaken effect can be restrained by coupling effect to some extent during the transient heat conduction.
		2014 Vol. 35 (2): 183-188 [Abstract] ( 1160 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1769KB] ( 1632 )

	189	Mesh routing protocol of wireless sensor networks based on two-layer topology
		Wang Hongfei, Li Dalin, Mou Rongzeng, Yan Yuepeng
		To solve the problem of AODVjr with heavy dependence on symmetry links and routing messages delivery rate in ZigBee, the mesh routing protocol was proposed based on two-layer topology. The routing messages delivery loss rate was adopted as routing metric to eliminate the effect of routing messages loss. The routing discovery was only based on routing message unidirectional transmission to reduce the dependence on symmetry links. The star topology was introduced based on mesh topology to reduce resource consumption of some nodes and expand network capacity. The network topology was established with star network. The mesh routing beacon frame, the routing metric and the routing establishing process were analyzed, and the routing performance was verified by tests. The results show that the proposed protocol has higher data transmission reliability than that of AODVjr in wireless sensor networks, and the packet loss probability is reduced by 30%.
		2014 Vol. 35 (2): 189-195 [Abstract] ( 1380 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2006KB] ( 1554 )

	196	Distributed energy efficient unequal multi-hop clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks
		Wu Yucheng1, Xie Lu2
		To avoid the energy hole in wireless sensor networks(WSN), a distributed energy-efficient unequal multi-hop clustering algorithm was proposed. When tentative cluster heads were selected, location factor and average energy factor were introduced to balance the residual energy of the whole network nodes. During the operation of the WSN, the tentative cluster heads adjusted their competition ranges adaptively to construct uneven clusters. According to the proposed energy consumption function, the nodes were used to decide which cluster to join to balance energy consumption of whole network. At the stage of stable transmission, each cluster head with dynamic routing was adopted to avoid the rapid death of relay node due to excessive energy consumption. A network model was built by Matlab to compare the proposed algorithm and UCR algorithm. The simulation results show that the energy consumption of cluster head variance volatility in the proposed algorithm is relatively stable, and the energy consumption of cluster head is better balanced than that in UCR. The proposed algorithm prolongs the network lifetime up to 34% against UCR, and can effectively avoid the problem of energy hole.
		2014 Vol. 35 (2): 196-200 [Abstract] ( 1126 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1598KB] ( 1826 )

	201	Acquisition of all credible rules and knowledge reductions in incomplete ordered interval-valued decision system
		Zhou Haijun1,2, Xie Jun1,3
		The approaches for the acquisition of all credible rules in incomplete ordered interval-valued decision systems were investigated. In the systems, not only unknown values were included, but also all attributes were considered as criterions. The concepts of missing and filling interval data were proposed. The character of interval data was deeply investigated, and a concept of interval-segment data was proposed to construct a new interval-segment data ordered decision system. The concepts of the increasing and decreasing descriptors were proposed based on interval-segment data to induce all of the credible rules and to provide the specific algorithm steps. The verified results by an illustrative example show that the proposed method is effective.
		2014 Vol. 35 (2): 201-206 [Abstract] ( 1234 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1313KB] ( 1538 )

	207	Object tracking based on particle filter and online random forest classification
		Chen Shu1,2, Peng Xiaoning3,4
		To avoid the performance degradation of the tracker caused by the inaccurate prediction of state model and inaccurate observation in particle filter, a new framework was proposed based on particle filter and online random forest for object tracking. The probability density of the object appearance was accurately approximated by the sample set which was collected by online learning method. In particle filter scheme, the particle likelihood was measured by the combination of classified result of online random forest and region histogram likelihood to improve the accuracy of the observation model. While track drift occurred, the particle filter was re-initialized by the detection of random forest to prevent track failure caused by the accumulated error. The algorithm was realized by vc 6.0+ opencv, and two experiments were designed to verify the tracking precision and the ability of drift resistance. The results show that the proposed algorithm can increase the ratio of correct tracking to 91%, while those are 68% and 75% for the particle filter and the random forest, respectively. The proposed approach can prevent track drift to achieve robust long sequences tracking.
		2014 Vol. 35 (2): 207-213 [Abstract] ( 2089 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4184KB] ( 1457 )

	214	A cost-driven task scheduling strategy of cloud computing
		Deng Jianguang1,2, Zhao Yuelong2, Yuan Huaqiang1, Liu Lin2
		In order to make cloud computing satisfy the quality of service (QoS) of scheduling tasks and try to maximize service profit, a cost-driven task scheduling strategy of cloud computing was proposed from the view of cloud service providers. Under the condition of meeting the QoS constraints of submitted tasks, the scheduling objective of proposed method was used to maximize the service profit per unit computing spending of the cloud environment. The corresponding task scheduling model was established, and the genetic algorithm was adopted to optimize the scheduling objective in the polynomial time complexity. The simulation testing was completed on the Cloudsim simulator. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional Min-min algorithm and the improved QoS-constrained Min-min algorithm for the indexes of the measurements of scheduling makespan, the ratio of violating deadline and the service profit per unit computing spending of cloud environment.
		2014 Vol. 35 (2): 214-219 [Abstract] ( 1364 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1785KB] ( 1517 )

	220	Electrical properties and microstructure of ZnO linear resistor doped by Al2O3
		Dong Yujuan1,2, Zhang Ke2, Ye Xiao1,2, Yi Meng2, Luo Xuedan2, Xu Dong2
		ZnO linear resistors doped with different Al2O3 contents of 3.5%，4.0%，4.5% and 5.0% were prepared by high energy ball milling at different sintering temperature of 1 250, 1 300 and 1 350 ℃. The microstructure and the crystal characteristics were investigated by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray diffractions. The influences of Al2O3 content and sintering temperature on the dielectric and varistor characteristics of the linear resistors were also investigated. The results show that the main phase of ZnO linear resistor doped by Al2O3 is ZnO with small amount of second phase Zn2SiO4. When the molar fraction of Al2O3 is 3.5% at sintering temperature of 1 350 ℃, the best performance of linear resistance is obtained with nonlinear coefficient of 1.00. The dielectric constant of ZnO linear resistor is not influenced greatly by the increasing of dopant Al2O3 contents, but suffered significant impact by sintering temperature.
		2014 Vol. 35 (2): 220-223 [Abstract] ( 1561 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1832KB] ( 1485 )

	224	Temperature field and residual stress distribution of 7075-T6 Al alloy welding line connected by laser butt welding
		Luo Kaiyu, Lv Ci, Wang Qingwei, Qi Han, Lu Jinzhong
		In order to reveal the temperature field and residual stress distribution of 7075-T6 Al alloy welding line connected by laser butt welding, a heat flux correction-function was deduced with the consi-deration of welding depth based on heat flux function of Gauss distribution. According to element birth and death technology, a finite element model of 7075-T6 Al alloy welding line connected by laser butt welding was established by ABAQUS and subprogram written by FORTRAN and PYTHON languages. Temperature field and residual stress distribution at different times were obtained by the proposed finite element model. The computational speed and the calculation accuracy were improved by gradient mesh. The results show that the temperature field and residual stress distribution can be rapidly and effectively simulated by the proposed finite element model. The error of residual stress may be generated by the shear effect when the heat source goes through cross-section during laser butt welding. The experimental results illuminate the correctness and feasibility of the proposed finite element model.
		2014 Vol. 35 (2): 224-228 [Abstract] ( 1968 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2386KB] ( 1425 )

	229	Experiment of specific heat capacity of rigid polyurethane foam at low temperature
		Yang Chunguang1, Xu He1, Xu Lie2, Du Ping1
		To investigate the influence of heat capacity under low temperatures of transitional and environmental friendly polyurethane foam on thermal insulating equipment design, an adiabatic calorimeter was set up. A series of measures were adopted to decrease the heat leakage to maximum extent. With the calorimeter, the specific heat capacities of PU foams blown with CFC-11, HCFC-141b and HFC-245fa were measured respectively in the temperature range from 60 K to ambient condition. The results show that the specific heat capacities increase with the increasing of temperature. For the same blowing agent, the specific heat capacity increases when the density increases, but the influence extent gets slighter at low temperatures.For the same density, the descending sequence of specific heat capacity of three PU foams is HFC-245fa, HCFC-141b and CFC-11, while the influence of blowing agent is negligible in low temperature range.
		2014 Vol. 35 (2): 229-232 [Abstract] ( 3357 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1567KB] ( 3940 )

	233	Hollow fiber supported ionic liquid-liquid micro-extraction for determination of 4-n-Nonylphenol in environmental water samples
		Zou Yanmin1, Zhang Zhen2, Wu Xiangyang2, Yang Liuqing3, Zhang Dongmei2, Zhu Jingjing2
		A method for the determination of 4-n-Nonylphenol in water samples was proposed by a hollow fiber supported ionic liquid micro-extraction (HF-LPME) combined with high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Polypropylene hollow fiber supported 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazo-lium hexafluorophosphate (［C8MIM］［PF6］) was used for determination of 4-n-Nonylphenol in water samples. To achieve the optimum extraction performance, the main extraction parameters of extraction solvent volume, sample pH, salinity and extraction time were investigated. Under the optimized conditions with ［C8MIM］［PF6］ volume of 5.0 μL, pH value of 5, salinity of 5% and extraction time of 8 h, the enrichment factor reaches 1 129 with mass concentration detection limit of 0.05 μg?L-1(S/N=3), and the mass concentration linear range is 0.15~100.00 μg?L-1(R=0.999 7)with recoveries from 80.1% to 105.6%.
		2014 Vol. 35 (2): 233-237 [Abstract] ( 1190 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1740KB] ( 1135 )

	238	Durability and damage evaluation of concrete subjected to high temperature
		Wang Hailong, Yu Qiujia, Sun Xiaoyan, Chen Kexing
		The high temperature damages of concrete were investigated by measuring residual strength, chloride permeability and ultrasonic velocity of concrete after exposing to different high temperatures. The test results show that the strength of concrete increases firstly, and then decreases with the increase of temperature. However, the unstable state chloride ion transportation coefficient increases, and the durability of concrete decreases continuously with the increase of temperature. At the temperature of 800℃, the concrete still keeps some residual strength but no durability. The ultrasonic velocity in concrete also decreases with the rising of temperature. A remarkable correlation is presented between the ultrasonic velocity, the residual strength and the durability. Based on the test results of ultrasonic velocity in concrete, two formulas are proposed to assess the residual strength and the durability of concrete.
		2014 Vol. 35 (2): 238-242 [Abstract] ( 1419 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1446KB] ( 1634 )

	243	Grain-size sorting behavior of dredged slurry at high initial water content during sedimentation
		Xu Guizhong1,2, Ding Jianwen3, Yin Jie4, Bie Xueqing5
		In order to investigate grain-size sorting behavior of dredged slurry at high initial water content during sedimentation, a series of sedimentation tests were carried out on dredged slurries, and the grain-size analysis was performed on the stratified samples at the end of sedimentation. The test results indicate that grain-size sorting occurs more easily with the liquid limit and clay content decreasing and with the initial water content increasing. Sorting degree F was proposed to evaluate the degree of grain-size sorting, and the model of the relationship between sorting degree and initial water content was established. Three stages of no sorting stage, sorting degree increasing stage and sorting degree stable stage were included in the model. The differences among three stages are clarified, and the critical water content between two adjacent stages increases with the liquid limit increasing. The range of the critical water content is also given. When the initial stage of dredged slurry is in sorting degree stable stage, the clay fraction exhibits piecewise-linear distribution along the depth and is not affected by initial water content.
		2014 Vol. 35 (2): 243-248 [Abstract] ( 1053 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2598KB] ( 1651 )

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