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Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion)

	2013 Vol.34 Issue.5 Published 2013-09-10

	Article

Article

	497	Slip temperature and lockup control of torque converter clutch under launching conditions
		LEI Yu-Long, LIU Zhen-Jie, ZHENG Hong-Peng, LI Xing-Zhong
		To solve the low efficiency of vehicle equipped with AT under launching conditions, the TCCs slip and lock-up control technology was proposed. The slip and lock-up control simulation model of TCC was established to analyze the dynamic property and efficiency under launching conditions with constant engine speed as control target. The three-dimensional transient heat conduction finite element model was built by CFX. The slipping power was calculated and converted to heat flux on the surface of TTCs friction plate. The temperature of TTCs friction plate was obtained at different ATF oil temperature. The simulation results show that the TCCs slip and lockup control technology under launching conditions can effectively solve low efficiency of vehicles caused by torque converter. The maximum rising temperature of TCCs friction plate is 40 ℃. The TCCs slip and lockup control can be realized within the allowable temperature range of TTCs friction plate when the ATF oil temperature is low.The TCCs slip and lockup control is not suitable because the high temperature of TTCs friction plate exceeds the allowable range when the ATF oil temperature reaches 100 ℃.
		2013 Vol. 34 (5): 497-501 [Abstract] ( 3230 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1858KB] ( 3448 )

	502	Hood design analysis of childpedestrian head protection
		PENG Yong, CHEN Yong, YANG Ji-Kuang
		To improve safety performance of the investigated vehicle for child pedestrian protection, a finite element model of child pedestrian headform impact with hood was developed. The validity of the proposed model was evaluated based on the test data of a similar car in literature. A comparison of protective performance between steel and aluminum hoods with the same initial structure was conducted for pedestrian protection. Two types of alloy aluminium hoods with wavilness inner panel hood and sandwich structure hood were designed to protect pedestrian head. The energy absorber structure between hoodsideedges and wings was investigated to increase energy absorption and minimize the head impact acceleration.The results show that a significant mitigation of the head injury risk is achieved by the proposed hood design during the child headform impact with hood in the test zones of the investigated car. The two types of proposed hoods have a comparable bending static stiffness with that of original hood, and increased lateral bending and torsion stiffness can be achieved.
		2013 Vol. 34 (5): 502-507 [Abstract] ( 1374 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 7702KB] ( 1879 )

	508	Evaporation characteristics of single n-dodecane droplet in alcohol mixture
		HU Peng, SUN Ping, MEI De-Qing
		For a single n-dodecane droplet in different convective thermal environments, the evaporation characteristics were simulated by nonequilibrium evaporation model with the considerations of physical properties of droplet and ambient gas. The effects of the environment parameters of ambient pressure, temperature, convection intensity and C2H5OH(g)/H2O(g) concentration on the evaporation process were investigated. The results indicate that ambient pressure, temperature and convection intensity are the major effect factors on evaporation characteristics, but the mass fraction of C2H5OH(g)/H2O(g) has little effect on the droplet vaporization. The droplet evaporates faster with the increasing of ambient temperature and convection intensity. The effects of ambient pressure on droplet evaporation are significantly dependent on temperature and relative velocity of the ambient gas flow. The effect of pressure shows markedly different under weak convection and intensive convection conditions. The droplet lifetime is appreciably shortened with the increasing of mass fraction of C2H5OH(g), but appreciably prolonged with the increasing of H2O(g) concentration.
		2013 Vol. 34 (5): 508-513 [Abstract] ( 1307 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4116KB] ( 2302 )

	514	A real time traffic sign recognition method in complex environment
		MIAO Xiao-Dong, LI Shun-Ming, SHEN Huan, YU Hong-Bing
		A traffic sign recognition method was proposed to solve the nonuniform exposure in complex traffic environments. The improved Log Gabor wavelet was used to extract feature of traffic signs at multi scales. The phase consistency was calculated to overcome the influence of environmental illumination. Support vector machine (SVM) was used as multiple targets classifier to be tested in the authoritative traffic sign database of German traffic sign recognition benchmark (GTSRB). The results show that the average recognition rate of the proposed method for 6 main category is 98%, which is better than those of the traditional algorithms. The computational efficiency with Intel dual core CPU 2.4 GHz is 28 frames·s-1, which satisfies the requirement in realtime. The proposed method overcomes the problem of uneven exposure in complex traffic environment, which can achieve good robustness.
		2013 Vol. 34 (5): 514-518 [Abstract] ( 1824 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1778KB] ( 1618 )

	519	Numerical simulation and performance prediction of unsteady flow in multistage submersible centrifugal pump
		WANG Yang, WANG Wei-Jun, LIU Yang, LI Ya-Cheng, CAO Pu-Yu
		To investigate the internal characteristics of flow field in multistage submersible centrifugal pump, the first stage of the pump with impeller and diffuser was selected. The three dimensional unsteady flow field of impeller and diffuser was simulated with RNG k-ε turbulence model and sliding mesh technology. The relative velocity flow angle, the absolute velocity flow angle and the ratio of relative velocity and circumferential velocity at different radius in the first channel were obtained to analyze the velocity triangles of impeller pressure surface. The performance curves of numerical simulation were compared with the experiment results. The results show that the absolute velocity and the absolute velocity component are decreased with the increasing of flow rate. At the positions of 0.90R2 and 0.95R2, the changes of relative flow angle at 100% flow rate and at small flow rate are obvious. Unsteady calculation can accurately predict the performance of multistage submersible centrifugal pump.
		2013 Vol. 34 (5): 519-523 [Abstract] ( 1402 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2718KB] ( 1947 )

	524	Torque ripple analysis of double action CAM rotor blademotor with double stator
		WEN De-Sheng, ZHENG Zhen-Quan, YANG Jie, ZHANG Kai-Ming, ZHANG San-Xi
		According to the idea of aequilate curve double stator motor, the traditional CAM rotor blade motor was improved into double stator structure. Based on the traditional CAM rotor blade motor, the structure and the working principle of the double action CAM rotor blade motor with double stator were analyzed to calculate the theoretical displacement. The basic formula of theoretical displacement for the multi action CAM rotor blade motor was deduced. The instantaneous torque values of the hydraulic motor at different rotor turning points were analyzed, and the torque and the torque ripple coefficient in different compound mode of inside and outside motors were calculated. The results show that different compound mode of inside and outside motors can lead to many different kinds of torque. The minimum torque ripple can be obtained by combining two inside and one outside motor, while the maximum torque ripple can be obtained by combining two outside and one inside motor.
		2013 Vol. 34 (5): 524-528 [Abstract] ( 1777 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 9072KB] ( 1846 )

	529	Potassium content prediction model of citrus leaves in different phenological period
		HUANG Shuang-Ping, YUE Xue-Jun, HONG Tian-Sheng, WU Wei-Bin, LI Yun-Yu
		Based on reflectance spectra, the potassium (K) content prediction model was established to realize nondestructive testing of K content in citrus trees. Field experiments were conducted on 117 planted Luogang citrus trees in the Crab Village, and the data was collected on fresh and healthy citrus leaves in four dominant phenological periods. The hyperspectrometer ASD FieldSpec3 and the flame photometry were used to detect spectral reflectance data and Kcontents,respectively. A series of experiments were conducted to analyze the sensitive frequency band of Kcontents and the modeling regularity of prediction in different phonological periods. The results show that there is frequency drift of Kcontents relevant sensitive band in different phenological periods. Compared with MLR, SVR and PLS, better prediction results can be obtained based on Kcontents relevant sensitive frequency band. The R2 of 0.994 and the mean square error of 0.120 with mean relative error of 1.33% are obtained in SVR model on validation set, which illuminates that SVR can well predict Kcontents in whole growth periods based on reflectance spectra, regardless of frequency drift and the discrepant model performance.
		2013 Vol. 34 (5): 529-535 [Abstract] ( 1581 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1739KB] ( 1688 )

	536	Extraction technology and degradation characteristics of anthocyanin from Prunus salicina L.
		ZHOU Cun-Shan, MA Hai-Le, YU Xiao-Jie, LIU Wei-Min, ZHOU Jie-Lei
		To achieve good extraction efficiency and acquire extraction technology with related kinetic parameters of anthocyanin from Prunus salicina L., the effects of operating conditions of solvent, ethanol concentration, solidliquid ratio, pH value, extraction temperature and time on extraction yield were investigated. Thermal degradation kinetics and stability of anthocyanin from Prunus s. were discussed with adding ascorbic acid and glucose at selected extraction pH, temperature and time. The maximal anthocyainin yield of 1.52 mg·g-1 fresh weight from Prunus s. was obtained at the conditions of 60% hydrochloric in ethanol, pH of 2.0, extraction time of 2.0 h, solidliquid ratio of 1/10 g·mL-1 and temperature of 60 ℃. The degradation kinetics of anthocyanin were also discussed by adding common food additives with 0.01% ascorbic acid or 10% glucose to obtain kinetic parameters of activation energy of Ea, rate constant of k and halflife of t1/2. The results show that the degradation of the anthocyanin is followed by firstorder reaction kinetics, and the maximal Ea of anthocyanin degradation is 69.12 kJ·mol-1 at pH value of 3.0. By adding 0.01% ascorbic acid and 10% glucose into the reaction system， the degradation process can be promoted with reduced Ea by 86.49% and 73.15%, respectively.
		2013 Vol. 34 (5): 536-542 [Abstract] ( 1755 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1575KB] ( 1692 )

	543	Decision support system of greenhouse production planning based on temperature integration model
		WANG Ji-Zhang, LI Ping-Ping, ZHAO Qing-Song
		Based on temperature integration model, history climate and market data, the decision support model of greenhouse culture plan was established. The software of decision support system was developed based on WEB. The decision support can be achieved by the proposed system for predicting marketing period and price with the premise of field planting date, optimal daily average temperature with the premise of culture date, market date and real time control strategy for greenhouse climate. Using cucumber culture as example, the decision of given field planting date and real time strategy were tested. The results show that the production plan decision can be realized by the proposed system according to user demand and greenhouse realtime climate.
		2013 Vol. 34 (5): 543-547 [Abstract] ( 2535 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1505KB] ( 1570 )

	548	An algebraic reasoning approach for verifying behavior of software evolution processes
		DAI Fei, WANG Li-Xia, XIE Zhong-Wen, ZHANG Xuan, ZHU Rui
		To solve the lack of behavior verification in existing software process verification due to the main considerations of structure verification and property verification, an algebraic reasoning approach was proposed for verifying behavior of software evolution processes. The software evolution process meta model (EPMM) was extended with algebra of communicating process (ACP) to propose software evolution process meta model algebra(EPMMA). According to the software evolution process models modeled by EPMM, EPMMA was used to define behavior specification formally. Based on the axiom system of EPMMA, equational reasoning was used to verify whether the behavior of software evolution process models met the behavior specification. The algebraic reasoning was emphasized to modelbased reasoning. The results show that the axiom system of EPMMA is reasonable.
		2013 Vol. 34 (5): 548-555 [Abstract] ( 1507 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1369KB] ( 1431 )

	556	Lifetime prediction and failure analysis of IGBT module based on accelerated lifetime test
		LIU Bin-Li, LIU De-Zhi, TANG Yong, CHEN Ming
		To realize reliability analysis and lifetime prediction of IGBT, a new method for the lifetime prediction of IGBT module was proposed based on accelerated lifetime test. The theory and the method of fast power cycling test were dissertated. The lognormal distribution was adopted to describe the lifetime of IGBT. Based on Arrhenius module, the statistic and the analysis on testing data were achieved by maximum likelihood estimation method to establish lifetime prediction model of IGBT . The accurate estimation of IGBT lifetime was realized, and the failure mechanism of IGBT was analyzed in detail. The results show that the IGBT lifetime is followed by lognormal distribution, not by Weibull distribution. With the increasing of junction temperature range, the lifetime of IGBT is decreased, and the mode is thermal failure at the end of IGBT lifetime.
		2013 Vol. 34 (5): 556-563 [Abstract] ( 3482 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3294KB] ( 2940 )

	564	Image reconstruction with superresolution based on projection modification and POCS
		YANG Xin, TANG Ting-Ge, FEI Shu-Min, ZHOU Da-Ke
		To solve the Gibbs artifacts in traditional POCS algorithm for image reconstruction in superresolution technology, an algorithm was proposed based on projection modification. An edge constraint operator was obtained by dealing with the initial image based on directiondifference method. Combining the edge constraint operator with difference between prior and current reconstruction results, the projection modification operator was used to modify the residual threshold and point spread function at each iteration process. The data consistency projection process was modified to reconstruct the highresolution image based on the improved algorithm. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm has good peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) with effective restraint to the Gibbs artifacts.
		2013 Vol. 34 (5): 564-568 [Abstract] ( 1481 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1844KB] ( 1531 )

	569	A new reliability parameter and algorithm for active network
		LI Rui-Ying, DANG Wei
		To solve the problem that existing reliability parameters can′t measure the connection probability from the source terminal to percentage of terminals in a specific terminal set for active networks, a new active network reliability parameter of sourcetokoutofNterminal reliability (S(k/N)T reliability) was proposed. The definition and expression of the new parameter were described. The relationships between the new parameter and the classic reliability parameters for active networks were discussed. Based on inclusionexclusion principle, an exact algorithm was given to calculate the new parameter. The connection requirement of the S(k/N)T reliability was transferred to that of SKT reliability which was an operative path from source terminal to every terminal in some specified node set. The K trees reflecting connectivity of SKT reliability was established. Based on inclusionexclusion principle, the S(k/N)T reliability was calculated to obtain the new reasonability parameter and the algorithm, and verified with a case. The results show that the S(k/N)T reliability is an important metrics in engineering. Based on inclusionexclusion principle, the algorithm is suitable for twostate system with failure independence assumption under the considerations of terminal and link failure.
		2013 Vol. 34 (5): 569-573 [Abstract] ( 1678 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1415KB] ( 1631 )

	574	Detection of pH variable in solidstate fermentation process by FTNIR spectroscopy and BPAdaboost
		LIU Guo-Hai, XIAO Xia-Hong, JIANG Hui, MEI Cong-Li, DING Yu-Han
		In order to achieve rapid detection of pH value in solidstate fermentation process, a new method was proposed based on nearinfrared spectroscopy. The nearinfrared spectroscopy of 140 solidstate fermented product samples were obtained within the wavelength range of 10 000 to 4 000 cm-1, and the reference measurement of pH were achieved by pH meter. Combined with backpropagation (BP) neural network, the adaptive boosting algorithm (Adaboost) was employed to establish BPAdaboost model with 10 weak predictors. The experimental results show that the proposed model has good prediction accuracy and correlation with root mean square error RMSEP of 0.072 6 and correlation coefficient R of 0.981 1, respectively.
		2013 Vol. 34 (5): 574-578 [Abstract] ( 1843 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2302KB] ( 1525 )

	579	Measurement of thermophysical properties of TiO2-MDEA-H2O nanofluids
		LI Shu-Hong, DING Yi, DU Kai, ZHANG Xiao-Song
		In order to enhance the absorption of CO2 in the Nmethyldiethanolamine (MDEA) solution,TiO2-MDEA-H2O nanofluids were prepared by dispersing TiO2 nanoparticles into MDEA solution with MDEA mass fraction of 50％. The stability of nanofluids was determined by the method of absorbance. The results show that only with mechanical agitation, the nanofluids can keep stable for 48 h without any dispersant. The thermophysical properties of MDEA solution were measured when the mass fraction of TiO2 nanoparticles were 0.05％, 0.20％, 0.40％ and 0.80％, respectively. The results show that surface tension, kinematic viscosity and thermal conductivity are increased with the increase of TiO2 nanoparticles mass fraction. The maximum increase of surface tension is 0.6％, and the maximum increase of kinematic viscosity is 4.6％ with the maximum increased thermal conductivity of 5.9％.
		2013 Vol. 34 (5): 579-583 [Abstract] ( 1780 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2536KB] ( 1779 )

	584	Effect of feed ratio of catalysts to selfinitiator monomer on branching degree of hyperbranched poly(4-chlormethylstyrene)
		ZHOU Zhi-Ping, WANG Jing-Jing, JIA Zheng-Wei, SHENG Wei-Chen
		A series of hyperbranched poly(4-chlormethylstyrene) \[P(4–CMS)\] with various degree of branching were prepared with selfinitiator monomer of 4-CMS and CuCl/2,2′-Bipyridine as catalysts in solvent of chlorobenzene. The effect of the molar ratio of catalyst to monomer on the degree of branching of products was investigated. The products were characterized by GPC and NMR. The results show that the degree of branching is small at very low or high molar ratio. The highest degree of branching is achieved at the molar ratio range from 0.1 to 0.2. The architecture of the products can be designed by adjusting the molar ratio. Based on the kinetic analysis, if one catalyst molecule can activate 2.6 average times, the theoretical kinetic calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results.
		2013 Vol. 34 (5): 584-588 [Abstract] ( 1621 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1588KB] ( 1829 )

	589	Finite element analysis of rolling stomatal defects
		ZHAO Yan-Ling, CHE Wan-Bo, ZHOU Kai, XUAN Jia-Ping, CHE Chun-Yu
		To solve the problem of edge cracks caused by stomatal defects in aluminum alloy 4004 coldrolled sheets during rolling process, the stomatal defects in modeling process were numerically simulated based on gursontvergaardneedleman (GTN) micromechanical damage model. The stomatal defects model of rolling process was established to analyze the distribution, morphology and size of stomatal defects and the variation of stress field, strain field and void volume fraction of stomatal defects and surrounding region. The evolution law of stomatal defects was also discussed. The results show that the ellipsoidal blowhole defects are easier to produce manufacturing deficiency than spherical defects. There can easily generate incidental tensile stress, edge crack and strip break around the blowhole defects with radius greater than 05 mm. The closer the distance between blowhole defects and plate surface is, the easier the manufacturing deficiency occurs.
		2013 Vol. 34 (5): 589-593 [Abstract] ( 1405 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1938KB] ( 1690 )

	594	Predictive method of temperature field in asphalt pavement
		DAN Jing-Song, GUO Zhong-Yin
		To obtain the temperature variation data of asphalt pavement accurately and quickly, the method of predicting temperature field was investigated. The calculating process of asphalt pavement temperature field was modeled by finite element method. The effects of air temperature and solar radiation on temperature characteristic of asphalt layer were discussed. The maximum temperature on pavement surface was expressed by air temperature and solar radiation， and the correlation of maximum temperature between pavement surface and any point in asphalt layer was established by figure and formula. Based on the daily property of temperature field, the temperature was modeled by cosine function with the parameters of time and depth to calculate the temperature during daytime. The results show that the margin of error between predictive value and calculation is less than 0.5 ℃, which can meet the requirements of engineering application completely. The proposed method of predicting temperature field has the advantage of simplicity with high accuracy.
		2013 Vol. 34 (5): 594-598 [Abstract] ( 1972 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1642KB] ( 2882 )

	599	Model test of foundation with geosyntheticencased stone column
		DUAN Yuan-Yu, ZHANG Yi-Ping, GUO Shu-Kui, JIANG Cheng-Jie
		To investigate the stressstrain characteristics of foundations with geosyntheticencased stone columns, static staircased loading tests were conducted on the unit cell model of composite foundations with geosyntheticencased stone column (GEC) and ordinary granular column (OGC). The settlements, stresses of column and soil at the top of model and the stresses of geotextiles under different loadings were analyzed. The results demonstrate that under the same loading, the model with GEC has less settlements and bigger columnsoil stress ratio than those with OGC. Comparing the test results of settlements and stresses ratio of column and soil with elastic and elastoplastic theoretical analyses, it is found that elastic analysis overestimates the performance of composite foundation with OGC or GEC is overestimated by elastic analysis, while the elastoplastic theoretical analysis shows good agreement with experimental data. The elastoplastic theoretical analysis presents closer encasement stress to the test results. The elastoplastic theoretical analysis is suitable for engineering design of foundations with geosyntheticencased stone columns.
		2013 Vol. 34 (5): 599-604 [Abstract] ( 1347 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5525KB] ( 1842 )

	605	Diffusion of chloride ions into concrete under joint action of carbonation and salt spray
		YUAN Cheng-Fang, NIU Di-Tao, QI Guang-Zheng
		To investigte the chloride ion erosion of concrete under marine atmospheric environment, the effect of concrete carbonation on chloride ion diffusion was discussed from three aspects of chloride ions concentration, chloride ion diffusion coefficient and concrete pore structure. The results show that free chloride ion content in concrete is enhanced after carbonation, and the decay of chloride ion concentration is slowed down. For ordinary concrete, the enhancement of chloride ion concentration by carbonation is obvious for low water cement ratio concrete. Compared to ordinary concrete with the same watercement ratio, the increasing of chloride ion concentration by carbonation is more obvious for fly ash concrete. The concrete porosity is decreased by carbonation, while the critical pore diameter and most probable pore diameter are increased with increased pore connectivity, resulting in the increase of chloride ion diffusion coefficient of concrete.
		2013 Vol. 34 (5): 605-609 [Abstract] ( 1484 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1817KB] ( 1660 )

	610	Concrete cover of shape steel in transfer columns of SRC-RC hybrid structure
		WU Kai, XUE Jian-Yang, ZHAO Hong-Tie
		The low cyclic shear experiments of 16 transfer column specimens were carried out. The results show that due to the shear effect of specimens, the increased arrangement of stirrups can obviously improve postpeak behavior and energy dissipation ability of the transfer columns. The parameters of steel skeleton configuration, axial compressive ratio, bond performance between concrete and shape steel can affect the critical concrete cover thickness of steel flanges remarkably. If critical shear cracks are engendered mainly due to the serious shear effect from partially existence of shape steel, the concrete cover is maybe crushed under axial compression. The bearing capacity is decreased markedly with diminished restriction of stirrups on cracks, and the seismic behavior demand of transfer columns can not be satisfied. To improve the bond performance between two materials and prevent the crush of concrete cover, the concrete cover thickness of steel flanges should not less than the maximum of fifth section height and not less than 50 mm.
		2013 Vol. 34 (5): 610-615 [Abstract] ( 1297 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3118KB] ( 1509 )

	616	Conditional stability of solitary wave solutions for generalized nonlinear dissipative hyperelastic-rod wave equation
		CAI Guo-Liang, ZHANG Zhen-Zhen
		Conditional stability of solitary wave solutions for the generalized nonlinear dissipative hyperelasticrod wave equation in the sense of Lyapunov was investigated. Assumping that the tiny disturbance had traveling wave form and met certain conditions, the general solution of the corresponding perturbation equation was obtained. The convergence and divergence of perturbation solution under different parameter conditions and the Lyapunov characteristics index were discussed. The accurate solitary wave solutions of the equation were proved to have conditional stability, and the stability conditions of the solitary wave solution were obtained. These conditions are relationships between system parameters and initial conditions, which means the stability of the solitary wave solution for the equation sensitively depends on system parameters and initial conditions.
		2013 Vol. 34 (5): 616-620 [Abstract] ( 1200 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1194KB] ( 1966 )

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