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Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion)

	2010 Vol.31 Issue.4 Published 2010-07-10

	Article

Article

	373	*Laser ranging sensor for apple harvesting robot*
		Liu Zhaoxiang, Liu Gang, Qiao Jun
		In order to obtain the depth information of apples and to determine the three dimensional positions of fruits for apple harvesting robot, a laser ranging sensor based on active triangulation principle was developed. Narrowband-pass filter was introduced into the signal receiving part for the sensor, which weakened the influence of sunlight. Synchronization demodulation was utilized to restrain the interference of environment effectively in data acquisition, and to realize the accurate measurement of distance. The experimental result indicate that the sensor can obtain the depth information of apples in short range distance without interference of environment, and the maximum error was less than 13 mm in the range from 150 mm to 800 mm.
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 373-377 [Abstract] ( 1501 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 610 )

	378	*Numerical simulation and analysis on flow field of air-and-screen cleaning mechanism*
		Li Hongchang, Li Yaoming, Xu Lizhang, Zhao Zhan, Tang Zhong
		In order to study the distribution of air flow in air-and-screen cleaning mechanism, the N - S equations and standard k -ε turbulence model were applied to simulate the air flow field by using CFD software Fluent based on the different angle of fans, air speed and distance from top to surface of screen. The effects of three parameters on air flow field were analyzed. The experimental verification was carried out. The results show that angle of fan and distance from top to surface of screen have greater effect on air flow field in air-and-screen cleaning mechanism. Air speed at velocity-inlet has less effect on air flow field. Good agreement is found between the measured and simulated values.
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 378-382 [Abstract] ( 1268 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 340KB] ( 1428 )

	383	*Finite element analysis on mechanical properties of castor-capsule*
		Cao Yu-Hua, Li Changyou, Qing Yanmei, Kong Debing
		The Zi castor 5 was selected as sample study, the size of the section of capsule was measured, and the shape of section and the character of structure were described. The stress distribution from top and middle of castor-capsule under pressing loads by finite element method was analysed. The geometric model and finite element model with the measured results for castor-capsule were established. The results show that the rupture of castor-capsule shell is mainly caused by maximum tensile stress. The position of maximum tensile stress is at middle raphe of the top of castor-capsule when top pressing loads were applied, and the inside of the middle peel cracked due to tensile stress. The position of maximum tensile stress is at two ends of middle raphe of middle peel when middle pressing loads were applied, the inside of four perigon of middle peel near the line cracks due to tensile stress.
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 383-387 [Abstract] ( 1317 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 352KB] ( 1663 )

	388	*Study on seed-clearing process of forceps holder type precision dibbler in cotton sowing*
		Ma Rong, Wang Shunli, Cao Weibin, Li Shufeng, Hu Bin
		Based on high-speed video technology, the performance testing system was established for forceps holder type precision dibbler in cotton sowing. By extracting the posture and trajectory of the seed from the motion image, the motion rule of seed-clearing process and its influence factors were proved by theoretical analysis and experiment. The results showed that the key factors influencing the sowing index were forward speed, size and shape of seed clearing plate. The best performance of seed-metering could be obtained when the forward speed of the dibbler was 3.0 km/h and the seed clearing plate was at shape Ⅱ and a length of 245 mm. The qualified rate began to decline evidently as the forward speed exceeded 4 km/h.
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 388-392 [Abstract] ( 1396 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 364KB] ( 1496 )

	393	*Prediction of noise radiated from engine shell*
		Yang Cheng, Zhou Ke, Chen Xu
		The vibration and radiated noise characteristics of the engine shell were analysed by virtual prediction method. The velocity response spectrum of the engine shell was acquired through the method of analysing the dynamic response under the vibration acceleration load by the finite element method. By comparing the theoretical data with the experimental ones for the same points on the shell, good agreements are obtained. The vibration data of the surface of the engine shell＇s points were imported to the acoustic analytic software as the input load of the boundary element model, and the noises radiated from the engine shell by vibration were calculated. The calculated data were testified by sound intensity experiment. The theory data were compared with the experimental data in noise distribution and the center of the noise source＇s intensity spectrum. The results reflect that FEM/BEM has practical significance and can predict the noise radiation from the engine shell effectively
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 393-396 [Abstract] ( 1387 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 261KB] ( 1778 )

	397	*Effects of CAN communication delay on ABS fuzzy control*
		Sun Ning, Chen Nan, Zhang Bingjun, Pi Dawei, Zhong Guohua
		The Controller Area Network （CAN） communication simulation model of vehicle chassis integrated control system was established based on FSM theory in MATLAB/Simulink/Stateflow, and the maximum transmission time of the frame under the worst case scenario was analyzed. The network commutation model was applied on the vehicle of 7 degree of freedom for Anti-lock Braking System control models, and the effect of CAN message transmission delay on the slip ratio was investigated under the condition of three typical single adhesion road and changing adhesion road respectively. All of the CAN message transmission delay were recorded. The simulation results show that the instability of slip ratio caused by transmission delay under low friction road is more serious than under high friction load; however, the controller can still guarantee the vehicle＇s stability in braking process under losing frames conditions.
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 397-402 [Abstract] ( 1521 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 426KB] ( 1595 )

	403	*Starting process on hybrid electric vehicle with floating ISG motor*
		Chen Hanyu, Yuan Yinnan, Zhang Tong, Yu Haisheng
		A uniaxial parallel hybrid electric vehicle （HEV） with floating integrated starter/generator （ISG） was developed. Meanwhile, its system structure and engine starting control strategy were analyzed. In order to verify the advantages of HEV contrasted to the traditional vehicle, the speed and efficiency characteristics of ISG motor were tested on the motor test bench. Meanwhile, the injection pulse width and HC emission contrast tests between HEV and traditional vehicle in start operation were also performed on the hybrid power test bench. The results show that the performances of the output torque and efficiency of ISG motor are all excellent at the generating or electric modes. Contrasted to the traditional vehicle, the starting time of HEV is shorter and the phenomena of dense fuel injection at start phase is eliminated. HC emission of HEV in starting operation is approximately reduced by 21% contrasted to the traditional vehicle.
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 403-407 [Abstract] ( 1686 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 307KB] ( 1860 )

	408	*Experiment for mechanic characteristic parameters of air spring with auxiliary chamber*
		Wang Jiasheng, Zhu Sihong-
		In order to reveal the dynamic characteristics of air spring with auxiliary chamber, the experimental system of air spring with auxiliary chamber was established based on 1T15M -2 type air spring, and the effects of spring mass, orifice diameter and auxiliary chamber volume on effective stiffness, effective damp and natural frequency of system were studied by damped free vibration. Experimental results show that, when operational height of air spring is kept constant, the effective stiffness of air spring increases with the increase of spring mass, but the changes of spring mass have little effect on both damp ratio and natural frequency. With the increase of orifice diameter, effective damp ratio first increase, and then decreases. Both the effective stiffness and natural frequency will decrease from the maximum values to the minimum values rapidly within the diameters of orifice from 4ram to 7ram. When the volume of auxiliary chamber is 2 - 3 times less than that of air spring, increasing auxiliary chamber volume will contribute to the decreasing of effective stiffness and natural frequency. Under the effective action of orifice, effective damp ratio will increase obviously with the increase of auxiliary chamber volume
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 408-411 [Abstract] ( 3768 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 266KB] ( 2327 )

	412	*Study on hot storage stability of nanometer ZnO/SBS modified asphalt*
		Kang Aihong, Xiao Peng, Zhou Xin
		The nanometer ZnO/SBS modified asphalt has predominant service performance, but its hot storage stability needs to be improved. The nanometer ZnO/SBS modified asphalts were prepared by two kinds of matrix asphalts and two kinds of SBS, and the isolation tests were studied according to the influence of the preparation craft, kinds of base asphalt, SBS＇s kinds and quantity and the nanometer ZnO＇s quantity. The surface stabilizer was used to improve the hot storage stability of nanometer ZnO/SBS modified asphalt, and its mechanism was analyzed by the fluorescent micro-images. The results show that the nanometer ZnO/SBS modified asphalt＇s segregation is mainly caused by segregation of SBS. The addition of nanometer ZnO improves the hot storage stability of SBS modified asphalt to a certain degree,but its effect is small. The adding of stabilizer can prepare nanometer ZnO/SBS modified asphalt with good storage stability.
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 412-416 [Abstract] ( 1788 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 401KB] ( 1750 )

	422	*Microwave irradiation synthesis and characterization of hydrophobic gold nanoparticles of pine needle-like*
		Shen Ming, Yao Yufeng, Zhang Jingui
		The octadecylamine-capped gold nanoparticles with different morphologies such as spherical and pine needle-like were successfully synthesized by using formic acid as a reducing agent in oetadecylamine （ C 18 NH2 ）/n - butanol/n - heptane/formic acid/HAuCl4- 4 H2O W/O microemulsion system through microwave dielectric heating. The C18NH2 -stabilized gold nanoparticles were characterized by UV- vis, TEM, XRD and CA （contact angle） , respectively. The effects of molar ratio of C18NH2 to HAuC14 and the formic acid amount on the shape and size of gold nanopartieles were also explored. The experimental results showed that the size of nanoparticles gradually increased with the decrease of molar ratio to C18 NH2 to HAuC14, while the morphologies of particles gradually changed from spherical to pine needle-like. When the molar ratio of Cl8 NH2 to HAuC14 was fixed, the morphologies of gold nanoparticles also changed from spherical to pine needle-like with the increase of formic acid.
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 422-426 [Abstract] ( 1282 ) [HTML KB] [ PDF 476KB] ( 922 )

	427	*Numerical simulation of bubble size distribution of aluminum foams in liquid state*
		Xie Maozhao, Li Ke
		A mathematical model for predicting the evolution of bubble size distribution was presented, which took into account of the effects of both the coarsening due to gas diffusion between bubbles and the liquid drainage. A bubble size distribution equation and a one-dimensional drainage equation were solved coupled by a finite difference approach. Comparison with experimental results from the literature shows a reasonable agreement. The model predictions indicate that the bubble size increases exponentially with time which is in good agreement with MacPherson＇s theory. Further computational results reveal that bubble size distributions are dependent strongly on the drainage behavior, the Henry constant, gas diffusivity and surface tension of the aluminum foam in liquid state.
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 427-431 [Abstract] ( 1111 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 327KB] ( 1483 )

	432	*Rail pressure control method in experiment system of common-rail high pressure pumps*
		You Lihua, An Wei, Li Honghuai, Kou Wei, Wang Yawei
		Concerning the real engine control system, more precise rail pressure control is needed in performance test bench of high pressure pumps. In order to avoid the effects on test accuracy by rail pressure and fuel flow changing rapidly during injections, a pressure control valve was used to replace the injectors based on analysis on the detection demands of high pressure pumps. A model of rail pressure control was built and a control method for the test bench was determined. Thus a test bench controller was designed to control the pressure control valve and other actuators as a Engine Control Unit （ECU）. According to the system characteristics, a controller with digital signal processor（DSP） as core unit and a Fuzzy Selfadjusting PID controller was designed. Experiments were carried out, and the results show that the flow solenoid valve current is controlled within a tolerance of 0.2% , and the rail pressure is controlled within 0.4%, which meets the requirement of the high pressure pump experiment system.
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 432-436 [Abstract] ( 1658 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 332KB] ( 2193 )

	437	*Transient analysis on magnetic field of squirrel-cage rotor asynchronous magnetic coupling*
		Yang Chaojun, Li Zhiteng, Zheng Wu
		In order to get the loading condition of the squirrel-cage rotor asynchronous magnetic coupling （SAMC） , Maxwell 2D software, which was developed by Ansoft Corporation, was employed to perform the finite element transient analysis. Transient magnetic line of force, eddy current density distributions and torque status of SAMC were obtained. The analysis showed that there was a speed difference between the inner and outer rotor, so that the magnetic field distribution changed, relatively high eddy current occurred on the conductor bar, and stable torque was achieved. The analysis was verified by experiments. The precision of transient analysis of torque is 70% - 85% , and it can be modified by end coefficient and friction coefficient. The results show that transient analysis of magnetic coupling by Maxwell 2D is feasible and practical.
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 437-441 [Abstract] ( 1628 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 337KB] ( 1563 )

	442	*An improved non-linear engineering mathematical model for silicon solar cell*
		Liao Zhiling, Liu Guohai, Mei Congli
		To overcome the low precision problem of the existing engineering mathematical model for silicon solar cell, an improved non-linear engineering simplified mathematical model for silicon solar cell was proposed based on the theoretical model. The influences of some subordination factors were neglected, and only four electrical parameters （i. e. the short-circuit current Ise-ref, the open-circuit voltage Uoc-ref, the current of maximum power point Im-ref and the voltage of maximum power point Um-ref） under standard test conditions were used. These parameters were provided by manufacturers. More importantly, the influences of series resistance in arbitrary solar radiation and cell temperature were firstly taken into account to improve the accuracy. Experiments of output characteristic for solar cell were compared with the simulation by the simplification model. The results show that the model error is under 6 percent, and its accuracy is acceptable for most practical engineering cases.
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 442-446 [Abstract] ( 1448 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 306KB] ( 1723 )

	447	*Design of thin film resistivity measurement system based on virtual instrumentation technology*
		Pan Haibin, Ding Jianning, Li Boquan, Luo Kaiyu, Wang Xiaofei
		Thin film resistivity measurement system was designed based on the virtual instrumentation technology and Rymaszewski dual electro-measurement with four-point probes. Interface circuit based on CD4052 chip was designed to realize automatic switching of current probes and voltage probes under the control of virtual instrumentation software, LabVIEW and digital output module hardware, NI 9401. Keithley 2400 sourcemeter under control of LabVIEW program was used for two times voltage measurement, and then van der Pauw correction factor and sheet resistance were calculated by LabVIEW program based on results of voltage measurement. Finally, thin film resistivity was automatically measured, recorded and displayed. The results of experiments show that the proposed system can meet the needs of thin film resistivity automatic measurement, the measurement process for thin film resistivity can be simplified and the level of measurement accuracy and automation can be improved.
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 447-451 [Abstract] ( 2250 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 409KB] ( 1371 )

	452	*Component assembly model based on Petri net*
		Yang Hebiao, Qiao Yimin
		The component assembly model based on Petri net was proposed to eliminate the deficiencies of formal semantic definitions in describing both component assembly and component evolution. Petri net system functions were employed to describe the static assembly structures of component. In addition, the migration of component ID flowing throughout Petri net was used to simulate the dynamic operation of component model. Six component assembly architecture and dynamic operation rules for Petri net were constructed, and special cases were given to illustrate both the evolution and operation of component Petri net. To support quantitative analysis of ripple effect during component model evolution, impact factors were abstracted from reachable marking graph of Petri to describe the level of coupling between components and to measure the influence degree of component evolution. This model can be applied to the description of architecture and evolution analysis of assembly process in component-based software system
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 452-457 [Abstract] ( 1474 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 419KB] ( 1386 )

	458	*An authentication method for fast handoff in WLAN mesh networks*
		Peng Qingquan, Pei Qingqi, Pang Liaojun, Ma Jianfeng-
		The security problem of fast handoffs in WLAN mesh networks with mobile mesh access point （MAP） was analyzed. Based on the neighbor graph fast handover method and matrix-based key pre-distribution scheme, an authentication scheme for fast handoff was proposed. The scheme is suitable to the WLAN mesh networks with mobile MAP. Based on Canetti - Krawczyk model, the improved d - way handshake protocol in the scheme was analyzed. And computation overhead and memory cost were evaluated. The results show that it is SK - secure in UM if the pseudorandom function and MAC function in use are secure against chosen message attacks. The performance shows that the proposed scheme has less computation overhead and memory cost.
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 458-463 [Abstract] ( 1588 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 409KB] ( 1688 )

	464	*Acquisition algorithm for section data of scattered points based on R^＊ tree*
		Sun Dianzhu, Fan Zhixian, Zhu Changzhi, Tian Zhongchao
		In order to obtain section data of scattered points rapidly and accurately, and to express the information of model with less data, an acquisition algorithm for section data was proposed. The section neighbor data was obtained based on the spacial index structure of scattered points, and its topology was organized with R^＊- tree. The section neighbor data was divided into two parts based on the relation of section neighborhood data and location of cut plane. By the intersecting of matching points, the section data was obtained. The section data was sorted by the algorithm of minimum spanning tree. Finally, the ordered section data was obtained. The results show that the algorithm can obtain the section data accurately and effectively, has strong adaptability of data type, and can express the information of model with less data.
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 464-468 [Abstract] ( 1460 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 300KB] ( 1353 )

	469	*Experiments on degradation of methyl orange with free radical*
		Chu Jinyu, Fan Di
		Azo dyestuff in effluent forms composite pollutants. The composite wastewater is persistent in color and nonbiodegradable. Methyl orange with typical azo structure was used to simulate wastewater. The degradation of methyl orange with free radical was studied. The effects of pH, initial methyl orange concentration, free radical concentration, temperature and reaction time on the degradation of methyl orange were discussed. The acidity is favorable for degradation of methyl orange. The results indicated that the COD removal ratio and decolorization ratio of 200 mg/L methyl orange reached to 86. 87% and 88.53% within 3 minutes when pH was 1.5. Compared With the changes of absorption spectra of methyl orange before and after treatment, it showed that the azo bond and benzene ring were damaged after the degradation by free radicals, and most of methyl orange elements were oxidized and decomposed
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 469-472 [Abstract] ( 1759 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 280KB] ( 1548 )

	473	*Design and simulation of flow field for magnetic flocculation reactor*
		Jie Qingjie, Liu Xing, Wu Chundu, Wang Yanmin, Zhu Guofeng
		The property and effect of flocculent can be improved under the magnetic field. A magnetic flocculation reactor was designed based on the magnetic effect. Five pairs of circular magnetic coils constitute a large measuring range magnetic field generator by utilizing Helmhohz coil, and the reactor can be adjusted continuously from 1 nT to 100 mT. Then the magnetic field distribution in Helmhohz coil was simulated by MATLAB. The improved k -ε two equation model was used to simulate the wastewater velocity distribution in the reactor. Results indicated that the magnetic field in Helmholtz coil could be seen as uniform magnetic field. There were rotational flow zones in the reactor, which had advantage of the formation of flocs. The motion of the solid particles could be modified in the magnetic field, and the probability of collision could be enhanced. Finally the effect of magnetic flocculation reactor was tested. The removal rate of SS, CODCr, TP were up to 96.7% ,45.3% and 96.0% respectively in 20 min. Magnetic flocculation has obvious advantages compared to traditional floceulation craft.
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 473-477 [Abstract] ( 1813 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 330KB] ( 1467 )

	483	*Analysis on energy dissipation of superimposed slab shear walls*
		Jiang Qing, Ye Xianguo, Lian Xing, Chang Lei, Wang Decai
		To study the superimposed slab shear walls and provide the reliable scientific basis for the local standards, four superimposed slab shear walls with edge restricted measures of two different forms and two general shear walls were designed. Comparason of the seismic performance on superimposed slab shear walls with two general shear walls under combined constant vertical load and low cycle lateral load were conducted. Hysteresis property and energy dissipation were analyzed systematically. Based on energy method, the damping energy dissipation in the total input energy has been studied and the damping coefficient has been worked out. The experimental results show that the seismic behaviors of the superimposed slab shear walls with concealed columns of two different forms. The energy dissipation and damping coefficient of superimposed slab shear walls and general shear walls are also similar. The damping coefficient of superimposed slab shear walls is the same as general wall for dynamic analysis
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 483-487 [Abstract] ( 1727 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 310KB] ( 1688 )

	488	*Discrete time Geom/Geom/1 queue with negative customers and multiple working vacations*
		Zhu Yijuan, Song Na, Zhou Zonghao
		Concerning that the server works at a lower rate rather than completely stop service during the exhaustive service and multiple working vacations, where the negative customer only removes the positive customer one by one at the end, and by introducing the negative customers and multiple working vacations into discrete-time queue, the method of embed Markov chains is used. The transition probability of diagonal matrix and the solution of rate matrix R are obtained by the formula of extracting roots on cubic equation. After that the system equilibrium conditions and distributions and the stochastic decomposition of the queue length under the steady-state distributions in the system are reached. Finally the multiple working vacations in discrete-time queuing models are further extended
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 488-491 [Abstract] ( 1582 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 229KB] ( 1426 )

	492	*Optimal failure maintenance policy for multi-state deteriorating systems*
		Jiang Guo, Hu Fei, Qin Gang
		A failure maintenance model is studied for multi-state semi-Markovian deteriorateing systems. During deterioration process, a system has a finite number of inverse working states and failure states. All failure states of system can be repairable and the failure repair time is negligible. The system is in a normal working state after restore. Its failure-examination devices can detect the failure state immediately as soon as the failure occurs, and then the corresponding maintenance actions are carried out. The optimal failure-repair policy that minimizes the expected long-run cost rate of the system is obtained by using policy-iteration algorithm of semi-Markovian decision process. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the iteration process for solving the optimal failure maintenance policy.
		2010 Vol. 31 (4): 492-496 [Abstract] ( 1491 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 276KB] ( 1282 )

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