纯电动汽车动力电池脉动热管加热技术的试验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-7775.2023.03.005

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摘要为保证动力电池在低温下的使用性能，制备了以蒸馏水、乙醇为基液的纳米二氧化钛（TiO2）流体作为动力电池加热元件脉动热管（pulsating heat pipe，PHP）的工质，并进行了低温环境下动力电池相关加热性能的试验研究.结果表明：乙醇相比于蒸馏水在低温条件下性能更佳，当添加体积分数为2%的纳米TiO2流体，热管充液率为50%时，PHP加热性能显著提高，可获得最佳低温性能的PHP；最优工质配比的乙醇-二氧化钛纳米流体脉动热管（TiO2PHP）在低温环境的充/放电工作模式下，其电池容量最高可达6291 A·h；在-30 ℃极寒环境下，将所设计热管作为加热元件加热电动汽车动力电池，可实现由原来的无法放电到放出6156 A·h的提升，所设计的TiO2PHP加热、导热有效.

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关键词 ：动力电池, 脉动热管, 纳米流体, 加热技术, 二氧化钛

Abstract：As the working fluid of pulsating heat pipe (PHP) for the power battery heating element, TiO2 nanofluid was prepared with distilled water and ethanol as base solution to ensure the operating properties of the power battery at low temperature. The experimental study on the heating performance of power batteries in low temperature environment was carried out. The experimental results show that the thermal transport property with ethanol is better than that with distilled water at low temperature. When the volume fraction of nano TiO2 fluid is 2% with heat pipe filling rate of 50%, the thermal property of PHP is significantly improved with the optimum performance of PHP at low temperature. For the optimal working medium ratio of ethanolbased liquid, the maximum cell capacities of titanium dioxide nanofluid pulsating heat pipe (TiO2PHP) under the charge and discharge modes in low temperature environment can reach 6291 A·h. In the extremely cold environment of -30 ℃, using the designed heat pipe as heating element to heat the electric vehicle power battery, the improvement of 6156 A·h from the initial discharge failure can be achieved. The designed TiO2PHP has efficient heating performance and thermal conductivity.

Key words： power battery pulsating heat pipe nanofluid heating technology TiO₂

基金资助:黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LH2021F002)

作者简介: 陈萌(1979—),男,黑龙江齐齐哈尔人,副教授(chenmeng623@nefu.edu.cn),主要从事新能源汽车动力源研究. 罗鑫浩(1999—),男,福建南平人,硕士研究生(18960663464@126.com),主要从事动力电池热管理研究.

引用本文:

陈萌，罗鑫浩. 纯电动汽车动力电池脉动热管加热技术的试验[J]. 江苏大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 44(3): 276-282. CHEN Meng, LUO Xinhao. Experiment on pulsating heat pipe heating technology for pure electric vehicle power batteries[J]. Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion) , 2023, 44(3): 276-282.

链接本文:

http://zzs.ujs.edu.cn/xbzkb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1671-7775.2023.03.005 或 http://zzs.ujs.edu.cn/xbzkb/CN/Y2023/V44/I3/276

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[15]	陈萌,李静静.脉动热管用于电动汽车锂电池散热性能试验[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(6): 3163-3171.
	CHEN M, LI J J. Experiment on heat dissipation performance of electric vehicle lithium battery based on pulsating heat pipe[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(6): 3163-3171.（in Chinese）
［1］	SHI H T, WANG L P, WANG S L, et al. A novel lumped thermal characteristic modeling strategy for the online adaptive temperature and parameter coestimation of vehicle lithiumion batteries[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, doi: 10.1016/j.est.2022.104309.
［2］	LI Y L, GAO X L, QIN Y D, et al. Drive circuitry of an electric vehicle enabling rapid heating of the battery pack at low temperatures[J]. iScience, doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101921.
［3］	朱建功, 孙泽昌, 魏学哲, 等. 车用锂离子电池低温特性与加热方法研究进展[J]. 汽车工程, 2019,41(5):571-581，589.
	ZHU J G, SUN Z C, WEI X Z, et al. Research progress on lowtemperature characteristics and heating techniques of vehicle lithiumion battery[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2019,41(5):571-581， 589. （in Chinese）
［4］	JIANG J C, RUAN H J, SUN B X, et al. A lowtemperature internal heating strategy without lifetime reduction for largesize automotive lithiumion battery pack[J]. Applied Energy, 2018, 230: 257-266.
［5］	XIONG R, LI Z Y, YANG R X, et al. Fast selfheating battery with antiaging awareness for freezing climates application[J]. Applied Energy, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119762.
［6］	CAI F Y, CHANG H W, YANG Z B, et al. A rapid selfheating strategy of lithiumion battery at low temperatures based on bidirectional pulse current without external power[J]. Journal of Power Sources,doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232138.
［7］	王超,赵津,赖坤城,等.重力热管锂电池散热性能实验与数值研究[J].重庆理工大学学报(自然科学),2021,35(12):28-37.
	WANG C, ZHAO J, LAI K C, et al. Experimental and numerial investigations on heat dissipation performance of lithium battery with thermosyphon[J]. Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science),2021,35(12):28-37. （in Chinese）
［8］	QIN Y D, DU J Y, LU L G, et al. A rapid lithiumion battery heating method based on bidirectional pulsed current: heating effect and impact on battery life[J]. Applied Energy, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115957.
［9］	HU Z X B, LIU F R, CHEN P, et al. Experimental study on the mechanism of frequencydependent heat in AC preheating of lithiumion battery at low temperature[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118860.
[10]	刘霏霏. 微热管在电动汽车电池热管理系统中应用关键技术研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2016.
[11]	MANGINI D, MARENGO M, ARANEO L, et al. Infrared analysis of the two phase flow in a single closed loop pulsating heat pipe[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2018, 97: 304-312.
[12]	NAZARI M A, AHMADI M H, SADEGHZADEH M, et al. A review on application of nanofluid in various types of heat pipes[J]. Journal of Central South University, 2019, 26(5): 1021-1041.
[13]	QU J, WU H Y. Thermal performance comparison of oscillating heat pipes with SiO2/water and Al2O3/water nanofluids[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2011, 50(10): 1954-1962.
[14]	WANG X H, WRIGHT E, LIU Z Y, et al. Performance evaluation of smallchannel pulsating heat pipe based on dimensional analysis and ANN model[J]. Energy Engineering,2022,119(2):801-814.
[15]	陈萌,李静静.脉动热管用于电动汽车锂电池散热性能试验[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(6): 3163-3171.
	CHEN M, LI J J. Experiment on heat dissipation performance of electric vehicle lithium battery based on pulsating heat pipe[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(6): 3163-3171.（in Chinese）