This paper takes the 2016 corporate targeted poverty alleviation policy as a natural experiment, and uses propensity score matchingdifference in difference (PSMDID) to examine the impact of corporate targeted poverty alleviation on risktaking. The study shows that after the enterprises participate in targeted poverty alleviation, the level of risktaking will be significantly reduced, and the effect is more significant in the nonstateowned enterprises and those in lowmarketoriented areas; this conclusion is drawn on the base of the placebo effect and the deletion of the sample. A series of robustness tests such as observations and multiperiod DID still hold true. A further research has found that the enterprises participation in targeted poverty alleviation and reduction of risktaking levels can effectively alleviate their financing constraints. Risktaking is a doubleedged weapon, so the enterprises should choose whether to carry out targeted poverty alleviation according to the actual situation or not; the government needs to provide more resources and policy support in order to encourage them to participate in the alleviation.