“Household Contracting” is a policy that had been long criticized since the early 1960s. After the “Cultural Revolution”, Wan Li first piloted the “Household Contracting” reform in rural Anhui, and got good results. In 1978, Deng Xiaoping raised the issue of “responsibility system” for industry and agriculture at a highlevel meeting. Since then, “Household Contracting” has become a policy breakthrough in rural reform. After four years of publicity, experiment and popularization, we finally discarded the old idea of promoting rural development by modelling after Dazhai, and took “contracting” as the mainstream agricultural policy. This process proves that the rural reform in contemporary China is a topdown reform and a reflection of the aspirations of farmers under the system of rural collectivization under Chinas national conditions, and that the change of concept and the strong implementation are the keys to success of reform.