In the global economic governance system with institutional rules as the main governance mode, institutional discourse has become the main front of the current international community. Generally speaking, the institutional discourse power in global economic governance has three characteristics: the sovereign states become the right subject of the institutional discourse power in global economic governance because of their huge resource endowment and realistic control ability; the institutional rules, as the basic tool for the sovereign states to express their own rights and interests, become the realistic support of the institutional discourse power in global economic governance; the rights and interests demands dominate the foreign policies of the sovereign states and regulate the institutional changes in the discourse power of global economic governance. To grasp the basic characteristics of global economic governance discourse power from these three perspectives can provide theoretical basis and realistic vision for China to enhance its institutional discourse power in global economic governance.