Abstract：Buddhism was represented slight differently though it was fully develope[JP2]d in both the Liao and Jin Dynasties. The Liao Buddhists, with the Avatamsaka School and the Mantra School as the mainstream, attached importance to religious rites and was favored by the rulers while in the Jin Dynasty, the Dhyana School was the most active and influential and advanced Buddhist studies further than that in the Liao Dynasty, although it had a hard relationship with the royal power. Buddhism and Dhyana had a very deep influence on many Liao and Jin literati. In fact, their affinity to mountains and water was in a great sense caused by Buddhism. The over 300 years of the Liao and Jin Dynasties saw the birth of many men of letters steeped in Buddhism. According to their attitudes towards Buddhism, they could be divided into five types: those staunch Buddhists, those Confucians who actually believed in Buddhism, those hedonists who treated Buddhism as hobby, those who studied Buddhism to absorb new ideas and help with creation and those who learned Buddhism but to refute. The two later leaders among men of letters, Li Chunfu and Zhao Bingwen, both had a deep entanglement with Buddhism though one known to all and one unknown; they typically reflected the then literati’s bending to Buddhism. The then Buddhist men of letters, influenced by the idea of trinity of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, stood ready to absorb ideas of various origins. In addition, the examples of their bending toward Buddhism and Dhyana showed some valuable academic messages about Dhyana history. The spreading of Dhyana within the literary circle was the premise of its penetrating into the deep layer of literature
刘达科. 佛禅与辽金文人[J]. 江苏大学学报（社会科学版）, 2009, 11(6): 32-40.
Liu Dake. Dhyana and Liao and Jin Literatti. Journal of Jiangsu University（Social Science Editi, 2009, 11(6): 32-40.
2009, Vol. 11 
