The human society has moved into the digital age. The United States, as the birthplace of the Internet, has taken the lead in the world in conducting researches on digital citizenship education and measurement. Moonsun Choi and other scholars from the Ohio State University have conducted a comprehensive summary and analysis of the concept of digital citizenship based on Andrew Feenbery's critical approach to technology, Manuel Castell's theory of networked society, and Open Source approach, and accordingly designed and developed a Digital Citizenship Scale (DCS) of five-factor structure with 26 items. This DCS is one of the most widely used tools to date. This paper analyzes its motivation, theoretical foundation, development process and characteristics, and points out the enlightenment of DCS development to digital citizen literacy measurement and digital citizenship education in China.