The current practice of Chinas litigation for compensation for ecological damage begins with the confirmation of the policy system. In 2015 and 2017, the Central Office and the State Council issued the “Ecoenvironmental Damage Compensation System Reform Pilot Program” and the “Ecoenvironmental Damage Compensation System Reform Program” respectively, both of which define the “litigation system”—— the ecological environment damage compensation as one of the absolute legal reservations. After the pilot practice is mature, the policy litigation system will inevitably face the choice of legalization. In terms of achieving the purpose of litigation for damages to the ecological environment, the system design of using the private rights of natural resource ownership to relieve environmental public interests is obviously misplaced. Remedies for the infringement of natural resource ownership and the infringement of ecological environmental interests must be realized separately through two relief paths of private benefit and public welfare. For this reason, the legalization of the ecological environment damage compensation system established by the policy should separate the ecological environment damage compensation litigation into the natural resource damage compensation litigation based on the national natural resource ownership violation and the decline in the ecological environment function (new) Ecoenvironmental damage compensation litigation, and integrate the (new) ecoenvironmental damage compensation litigation with the existing environmental civil public interest litigation, and redefine it by means of special legislation.