Progress and prospects of investigation into unsteady cavitating flows
HUANG Biao1,WU Qin1,2,WANG Guoyu1
1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;2. Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Abstract:In view of numerically computational models for unsteady cavitating flows, influences of mass transfer model between liquid and vapor phases on cavity development and vortex shedding were summarized. It was identified that cavitation models could produce significant different predictions in different cavity regimes. A density correction-based cavitation model(DCCM)has been proposed in our group, as a result, the unsteady pressure fluctuation characteristics in the wake of a hydrofoil was predicted reasonably well. By considering the multi-scale turbulence structure and local compressibility, a filter-based density correction turbulence model(FDCTM)was put forward and a better prediction was achieved against experimental data. Further, unsteady cavitating flow mechanisms were reviewed and discussed in detail based on existing experimental and simulation efforts on such flows by accounting for cavity shape, flow structure and hydrodynamic force from a cavitating flow characteristic and hydrodynamics point of view. Finally, based on the development tendency of investigation into unsteady cavitating flows and important problems potentially encountered in such a research, specific development directions were debated and prospected.
[1]BRENNEN C E. Fundamentals of Multiphase Flow[M]. Cambridge, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland:Cambridge University Press, 2005.[2]JOSEPH D D. Cavitation in a flowing liquid[J]. Physical review:E, 1995, 51: 1649-1650.[3]WANG C C, HUANG B, WANG G Y, et al. Unsteady pressure fluctuation characteristics in the process of breakup and shedding of sheet/cloud cavitation[J].International journal of heat and mass transfer, 2017, 114: 769-785.[4]WANG Z Y, HUANG B, ZHANG M D, et al. Experimental and numerical investigation of ventilated cavitating flow structures with special emphasis on vortex shedding dynamics[J]. International journal of multiphase flow, 2018, 98: 79-95.[5]CHEN T R, HUANG B, WANG G Y, et al. Numerical investigation of thermosensitive cavitating flows in a wide range of freestream temperatures and velocities in fluoroketone[J]. International journal of heat and mass transfer, 2017, 112: 125-136.[6]王勇, 刘厚林, 袁寿其, 等.不同叶片包角离心泵空化振动和噪声特性[J]. 排灌机械工程学报, 2013, 31(5): 390-400.WANG Yong, LIU Houlin, YUAN Shouqi, et al. Characteristics of cavitation vibration and noise in centrifugal pumps with different vane wrap angles[J]. Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering, 2013, 31(5): 390-400. (in Chinese)[7]姚志峰, 陆力, 高忠信, 等.不同叶轮形式离心泵压力脉动和空化特性试验研究[J]. 水利学报, 2015,46(12): 1444-1452.YAO Zhifeng, LU Li, GAO Zhongxin, et al. Experimental investigation of pressure fluctuation and cavitation for a centrifugal pump with different impeller configurations[J]. Journal of hydraulic engineering,2015,46(12): 1444-1452. (in Chinese)[8]WU Q, HUANG B, WANG G Y, et al. Experimental and numerical investigation of hydroelastic response of a flexible hydrofoil in cavitating flow[J]. International journal of multiphase flow, 2015, 74:19-33.[9]顾巍, 何友声, 胡天群. 轴对称体空泡流的噪声特性与空泡界面瞬态特征[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2000, 34(8): 1026-1030.GU Wei, HE Yousheng, HU Tianqun. Noise feature of cavitation flows on axisymmetric bodies and transient characteristics of cavity interface[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2000,34(8): 1026-1030. (in Chinese)[10]赵成功, 王聪, 魏英杰, 等.细长体水下运动空化流场及弹道特性试验[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2017,37(3): 439-446.ZHAO Chenggong, WANG Cong, WEI Yingjie, et al. Experiment of cavitation and ballistic characteristics of slender body underwater movement[J]. Explosion and shock waves, 2017,37(3): 439-446. (in Chinese)[11]刘筠乔, 鲁传敬, 李杰,等. 导弹垂直发射出筒过程中通气空泡流研究[J]. 水动力学研究与进展,2007,22(5): 549-554.LIU Yunqiao, LU Chuanjing, LI Jie, et al. An investigation of ventilated cavitating flow in vertical launching of a missile[J]. Chinese journal of hydrodynamics, 2007,22(5): 549-554. (in Chinese)[12]王一伟, 黄晨光, 杜特专, 等.航行体垂直出水载荷与空泡溃灭机理分析[J]. 力学学报, 2012, 44(1): 39-48.WANG Yiwei, HUANG Chenguang, DU Tezhuan, et al. Mechanism analysis about cavitation collapse load of underwater vehicles in a vertical launching process[J]. Chinese journal of theoretical and applied mechanics, 2012, 44(1): 39-48. (in Chinese)[13]HELMHOLTZ H. Uber discontinuierliche flussigkeits bewegungen[J]. Monatsberichte konigl, 1868,36: 337-346.[14]KIRCHOFF G. Zur theorie freier flussigkeitsstrahlen[J]. Journal für die reine und angewandte mathematik, 1869,70: 289-298.[15]UHLMA J S. The surface singularity method applied to partially cavitating hydrofoils[J]. Journal of ship research, 1987,31(2): 107-124.[16]WU Y T. A wake model for freestreamline flow theory, Part 1—fully and partially developed wake flows and cavity flows past an oblique flat plate[J]. Journal of fluid mechanics, 1962,13(2):161-181.[17]DE LANGE D F. Observation and modeling of cloud formation behind a sheet cavity[D].Netherlands: University of Twente, 1996.[18]董世汤.超空泡和局部空泡水翼的线性化理论[J]. 中国造船, 1964(2): 11-30.DONG Shitang. The linearized theory for the supercaviting and partially cavitating hydrofoils[J]. Shipbuilding of China, 1964(2): 11-30. (in Chinese)[19]汤福坤, 何友声. 空泡流理论[M]. 上海:上海交通大学出版社, 1986.[20]KINNAS S A, FINE N E. A numerical nonlinear analysis of the flow around two and three dimensional partially cavitating hydrofoils[J]. Journal of fluid mechanics, 1993, 254(1):151-181.[21]YOUNG Y L, KINNAS S A. Numerical modeling of supercavitating propeller flow[J]. Journal of ship research, 2003,47(1): 48-62.[22]SAUREL R, LE METAYER O. A multiphase model for compressible flows with interface, shocks, detonation waves and cavitation[J]. Journal of fluid mechanics, 2001, 431(2): 239-271.[23]XIANG M, CHEUNG S C P, YEOH G H, et al. On the numerical study of bubbly flow created by ventilated cavity in vertical pipe[J]. International journal of multiphase flow, 2011,37: 756-768.[24]GOPALAN S, KATZ J. Flow structure and modeling issues in the closure region of attached cavitation[J]. Physics of fluids, 2000, 12(4): 3414-3431.[25]WANG G, OSTOJA Starzewski M. Large eddy simulation of a sheet/cloud cavitation on a NACA0015 hydrofoil[J]. Mathematical modeling, 2006, 31(3):417-447.[26]ROUSE H, MCNOWN J S. Cavitation and pressure distribution: head forms at zero angle of yaw[J]. Proactive maintenance for mechanical systems, 1948:169-191.[27]KUBOTA A, KATO H, YAMAGUCHI H. A new modeling of cavitating flows: a numerical study of unsteady cavitation on a hydrofoil section[J]. Journal of fluid mechanics, 1992,240 (1): 59-96.[28]SINGHAL A K, LI H, ATHAVALE M M,et al. Mathematical basis and validation of the full cavitation model[J]. Journal of fluids engineering, 2002,124(3): 617-625.[29]KUNZ R, BOGER D, STINEBRING D, et al. A preconditioned Navier-Stokes method for twophase flows with application to cavitation prediction[J]. Computers & fluids, 2000, 29(8): 849-875.[30][JP2]MERKLE C L, FENG J, BUELOW P E O. Computational modeling of the dynamics of sheet cavitation[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Cavitation. Grenoble, France:[s.n.], 1998: 307-311.[JP][31]SENOCAK I, SHYY W. Interfacial dynamicsbased modeling of turbulent cavitating flows. Part—1: model development and steadystate computations[J]. International journal for numerical method in fluid, 2004,44(9): 975-995.[32]SENOCAK I, SHYY W. Interfacial dynamicsbased modeling of turbulent cavitating flows. Part—2: model development and steadystate computations[J]. International journal for numerical method in fluid,2004,44(9): 997-1016.[33]程晓俊, 鲁传敬.二维水翼的局部空泡流研究[J]. 应用数学和力学, 2000,12(21): 1310-1318.CHENG Xiaojun, LU Chuanjing. On the partially cavitating flow around two dimensional hydrofoils[J]. Applied mathematics and mechanics, 2000,12(21): 1310-1318. (in Chinese)[34]魏英杰, 闵景新, 王聪,等. 潜射导弹垂直发射过程空化特性研究[J]. 工程力学, 2009, 26(7): 251-256.WEI Yingjie, MIN Jingxin, WANG Cong, et al. Research on cavitation of vertical launch submarine missile[J]. Engineering mechanics, 2009, 26(7): 251-256. (in Chinese)[35]季斌, 罗先武, 彭晓星,等. 绕扭曲翼型三维非定常空泡脱落结构的数值分析[J]. 水动力学研究与进展(A辑), 2010,25(2): 217-223JI Bin, LUO Xianwu, PENG Xiaoxing, et al. Numerical analysis for three dimensional unsteady cavitation shedding structure over a twisted hydrofoil[J]. Chinese journal of hydrodynamics(ser. A), 2010, 25(2): 217-223. (in Chinese)[36]HUANG B, WANG G. Experimental and numerical investigation of unsteady cavitating flows through a 2D hydrofoil[J]. Science China technology and science, 2011, 54(7): 1801-1812.[37]SMAGORINSKY J. General circulation experiments with the primitive equations 1. The basic experiment[J]. Monthly weather review, 1963, 91(3): 99-164.[38]CHAUVET N, DECK S, JACQUIN L. Zonal detached eddy simulation of a controlled propulsive jet[J]. AIAA paper, 2007,45(10): 2458-2473.[39]WANG G, OSTOJA Starzewski M. Large eddy simulation of a sheet/cloud cavitation on a NAVA0015 hydrofoil[J]. Appllied mathematical modelling, 2007,31(3): 417-447.[40]KINZEL M P, LINDAU J W, PELTIER L J, et al. Detachededdy simulations for cavitating flows[C] //Proceedings of the 18th AIAA Computation Fluid Dynamics Conference, 2007:4098.[41]WU J Y, WANG G Y, SHYY W. Timedependent turbulent cavutating flow computations with interfacial transport and filterbased models[J]. International journal for numerical methods in fluids, 2005, 49(7): 739-761.[42]KIM S, BREWTON S. A multiphase approach to turbulent cavitating flows[C]//Proceedings of the 27th Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics. Seoul, Korea:[s.n.], 2008.[43]COUTIER Delgosha O, FORTES Patella R, REBOUD J. Evaluation of the turbulence model influence on the numerical simulations of unsteady cavitation[J]. Journal of fluids engineering, 2003,125(1): 38-45.[44]ZHOU L J, WANG Z W. Numerical simulation of cavitation around a hydrofoil and evaluation of a RNG k-ε model[J]. Journal of fluids engineering, 2008,130(1): 1-7.[45]WANG G, ZHANG B, HUANG B, et al. Unsteady dynamics of cloudy cavitating flows around a hydrofoil[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Cavitation. Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA:[s.n.], 2009.[46]LI X, WANG G, YU Z, et al. Multiphase fluid dynamics and transport processes of low capillary number cavitating flows[J]. Acta mechanica sinica, 2008, 25(2): 161-172.[47]FOETH E J. [JP3]The structure of threedimensional sheet cavitation[D]. Delft: Delft University of Technology,[JP] 2008.[48]WANG G, SENOCAK I, SHYY W. Dynamics of attached turbulent cavitating flows[J]. Progress in aerospace sciences, 2001, 37: 551-581.[49]刘桦, 朱世权, 何友声,等.系列头体的空泡试验研究—初生空泡与发展空泡形态[J]. 中国造船, 1995, 1(3): 98-102.LIU Hua, ZHU Shiquan, HE Yousheng, et al. An experimental study on cavitating axisymmetric headformsincipient and developed cavitation patterns[J]. Shipbuilding of China, 1995, 1(3): 98-102. (in Chinese)[50]WEI H P, FU S, WU Q, et al. Experimental and numerical research on cavitating flows around axisymmetric bodies[J]. Journal of mechanical science and technology, 2014, 28(11): 4527-4537.[51]权晓波, 李岩, 魏海鹏,等.大攻角下轴对称航行体空化流动特性试验研究[J]. 水动力学研究与进展, 2008, 23(6): 662-667.QUAN Xiaobo, LI Yan, WEI Haipeng, et al. An experiment study on cavitation of underwater vehicle′s surface at large angles of attack[J]. Chinese journal of hydrodynamics, 2008, 23(6): 662-667. (in Chinese)[52]KUBOTA A, KATO H, YAMAGUCHI H, et al. Unsteady structure measurement of cloud cavitation on a foil section using conditional sampling technique[J]. Journal of fluids engineering, 1989, 111(2): 204-210.[53]KAWANAMI Y, KATO H, YAMAUCHI H, et al. Mechanism and control of cloud cavitation[J]. Journal of fluids engineering, 1997, 119(4): 788-794.[54]LI X, WANG G, ZHANG M, et al. Structures of supercavitating multiphase flows[J]. International journal of thermal science, 2008,47(10): 1263-1275.[55]鲁君瑞, 张敏弟, 王国玉,等.超空化水翼流场的DPIV试验研究[J]. 水动力学研究与进展,2007,22(5): 529-535.LU Junrui, ZHANG Mindi, WANG Guoyu, et al. Experimental study of cavitating flows around a Tulin supercavitation hydrofoil by DPIV[J]. Chinese journal of hydrodynamics, 2007,22(5): 529-535. (in Chinese)[56]ARNDT R E A, WOSNIK M. Towards the control of cavitating flows[C]//Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Transport Phenomenon and Dynamics of Rotating Machinery. Honolulu, Hawaii:[s.n.], 2008.[57]LYER C O, CECCIO S L. The influence of developed cavitation on the flow of a turbulent shear layer[J]. Physics of fluids, 2002,14(10): 3414-3431.[58]KJELDSEN M, ARNDT R E A, EFFERTZ M. Spectral characteristics of sheet/cloud cavitation[J]. Journal of fluids engineering, 2000, 122(3): 481-487.[59][JP2]LEROUX J B, COUTIER Delgosha O, ASTOLFI J A. A joint experimental and numerical study of mechanisms associated to instability of partial cavitation on twodimensional hydrofoil[J]. Physics of fluids, 2005, 17(5): 1-20.[JP][60]GANESH H. Bubbly shock propagation as a cause of sheet to cloud transition of partial cavitation and stationary cavitation bubbles forming on a delta wing vortex[D]. Michigan,USA: University of Michigan, 2015.