滴头最大流量偏差率计算方法及影响因素评价

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8530.2013.04.013

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (1342 KB) HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要首先分析了滴头水力特征曲线方程中流量系数分布规律,当流量系数服从正态分布时,流量系数在其平均值的±3倍标准差之间变化的概率为9973％(近似于100％),因此流量系数最小值为平均值减3倍标准差,最大值为流量系数平均值加3倍标准差,在此基础上提出了综合考虑水力偏差、制造偏差和微地形偏差的综合流量偏差率计算公式;然后以制造偏差系数、流态指数、压力差、平均工作水头及田面局部高差作为影响因子进行流量偏差率及毛管造价敏感性分析．结果表明:对流量偏差率影响程度由大到小的顺序为滴头制造偏差系数、滴头流态指数、压力偏差．当制造偏差系数大于004时,毛管造价急剧增大,在设计中应尽可能选择制造偏差系数小、流态指数小的滴头.对于常规滴灌系统,当滴头工作水头大于10 m时,田面局部高差对流量偏差率影响可忽略．

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	朱德兰
	吴普特
	张林

关键词 ：滴头, 流量系数, 流量偏差率, 制造偏差系数, 流态指数

Abstract：The distribution characteristic of emitters′ flow coefficient is analyzed. When flow coefficient complies with normal distribution, the probability of flow coefficient fluctuating at ±3 times standard deviations is 9973％ (approximating 100％). Thus, the minimum flow coefficient is average flow coefficient minus 3 times standard deviation and the maximum flow coefficient is average flow coefficient plus 3 times standard deviation. Based on the above analysis, a comprehensive flow variation rate calculation formula, taking hydraulic variation, manufacture variation and microterrain variation into consideration, is presented. Then, with emitter manufacturing variation coefficient, flow exponent, pressure difference and average field roughness height as influential factors, flow variation rate and lateral cost sensitivity were analyzed. The results show that emitter manufacturing variation coefficient is the most influential factor, followed by flow exponent and pressure difference. The lateral cost increases dramatically when manufacturing variation coefficient is larger than 004. In designing, emitters with minimal manufacture variation and minimal flow exponent should be elected. For normal drip irrigation systems, when the emitter′s waterdrop is larger than 10m, the effects of local height differences in fields on flow variation can be ignored.

Key words： emitters flow coefficient flow variation rate emitter manufacturing variation coefficient flow exponent

收稿日期: 2012-07-04 出版日期: 2013-04-30

基金资助:

“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD29B00); 教育部国家外国专家局“111”计划项目（B12007）

通讯作者: 吴普特(1963—),男,陕西杨凌人,教授,博士生导师(通信作者,wupt2000@126.com),主要从事水资源高效利用研究．

作者简介: 朱德兰(1969—),女,陕西杨凌人,教授,博士生导师(dlzhu@126.com),主要从事节水灌溉理论与新技术研究．

引用本文:

朱德兰, 吴普特, 张林. 滴头最大流量偏差率计算方法及影响因素评价[J]. 排灌机械工程学报, 2013, 31(4): 340-344. ZHU De-Lan, WU Pu-Te, ZHANG Lin. Calculation method of the maximum flow variation and evaluation of factors for microirrigation engineering. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engin, 2013, 31(4): 340-344.

链接本文:

http://zzs.ujs.edu.cn/pgjx/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1674-8530.2013.04.013 或 http://zzs.ujs.edu.cn/pgjx/CN/Y2013/V31/I4/340

［1］朱德兰, 吴普特, 王剑.滴头制造偏差对灌水均匀度及毛管造价的影响［J］. 排灌机械工程学报, 2010,29(2): 175-179.

Zhu Delan, Wu Pute, Wang Jian. Effect of emitters manufacturing variation of microirrigationon uniformity and lateral cost［J］.Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering, 2010,29(2): 175-179.(in Chinese)

［2］王洪源, 李光永. 滴灌模式和灌水下限对甜瓜耗水量和产量的影响［J］. 农业机械学报, 2010, 41(5): 47-51.

Wang Hongyuan,Li Guangyong. Effect of drip irrigation model and irrigation start point on water consumption and yield of sweet melon［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2010, 41(5): 47-51.(in Chinese)

［3］翟国亮,陈刚,鞠花,等. 全补偿微灌系统灌水均匀度参数之间的关系分析［J］. 农业工程学报, 2007,23(6): 61-65.

Zhai Guoliang,Chen Gang, Ju Hua,et al. Analysis of relationships among different parameters of irrigation uniformity in fullycompensated microirrigation system ［J］. Transactions of the CSAE, 2007,23(6): 61-65. (in Chinese)

［4］Keller J, Bliesner R D. Sprinkler and Trickle Irrigation ［M］. New Jersey: The Blackburn Press, 1990.

［5］Juana J,Leonor R S. Evaluation of drip irrigation: Selection of emitters and hydraulic characterization of trapezoidal units ［J］. Agricultural Water Management, 2007, 90(1): 12-26.

［6］Yildirim G. Analytical relationships for designing multiple outlets pipeline ［J］. J Irrig Drain Eng,2007, 133(2):140-155.

［7］Bralts V F,Wu I P, Gitlin H M. Manufacturing variation and drip irrigation uniformity ［J］. Transactions of the ASAE, 1981, 24(1): 113-119.

［8］张国祥.用凯勒均匀度进行微灌系统设计的质疑［J］.农业工程学报, 2009, 25(8): 6-10.

Zhang Guoxiang. Query about microirrigation system design using Keller Uniformity ［J］. Transactions of the CSAE, 2009, 25(8): 6-10.(in Chinese)

［9］Bralts V F.The effects of emitter flow variation on the design of single and dual chamber drip irrigation systems［D］.Honolulu:University of Hawaii,1978.

［10］Zhu D L,Wu P T,Merkley G P,et al. Drip irrigation lateral design procedure based on emission uniformity and field microtopography ［J］. Irrigation and Drainage, 2010, 59(5):535-546.

［11］张国祥. 考虑三偏差因素的滴灌系统流量总偏差率［J］.农业工程学报. 2006, 22 (11):27-29.

Zhang Guoxiang. Calculating the total flow deviation rate of drip irrigation system based on three deviationrates ［J］. Transactions of the CSAE, 2006, 22(11): 27-29. (in Chinese)

［12］张国祥, 吴普特. 滴灌系统滴头设计水头的取值依据［J］.农业工程学报, 2005, 21 (9): 20-22.

Zhang Guoxiang,Wu Pute. Determination of the design working head of emitter［J］.Transactions of the CSAE, 2005, 21(9): 20-22. (in Chinese)

［13］中华人民共和国住房和建设部、国家质量监督检验检疫. GB／T 50485—2009 微灌工程技术规范［S］. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2009.

［14］Wu P T, Zhu D L, Jin J, et al. Design of drip irrigation lateral for optimum capital and operating cost ［J］. Water Science and Technology, 2010, 10(6): 943-951.