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| The impact of undesired outputs on science and technology innovation efficiencies of "Double First-Class" construction universities |
| ZHU Tiantian 1, LU Yahua 1, ZHANG Yuejun 2 |
| （1. Educational Science Research Institute, Hunan University; 2. Business School, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China） |
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Abstract Undesired outputs are inevitable in the process of science and technology (S&T) innovation in universities. The assumption of "output maximization" in traditional models for S&T innovation efficiency evaluation does not apply, and there are biases in evaluation results. With undesired outputs considered, this study adopts the sequential MalmquistLuenberger index method to evaluate S&T innovation efficiencies of 67 "Double FirstClass" construction universities in China from 2007 to 2019. Results show that, university S&T innovation efficiencies are overestimated with undesired outputs ignored; S&T innovation efficiencies of firstclass disciplines construction universities are not inferior to that of first-class universities construction universities with undesired outputs considered; S&T innovation efficiencies of medical universities are higher, while those of agricultural and forestry universities are lower; S&T innovation efficiencies of "Double First-Class" construction universities in different regions are different, and overall distribution characteristics are that efficiencies in the eastern region are higher, while those in the central region are lower; the main driving force for the growth of S&T innovation efficiencies of universities in the eastern region is technological progress, while that in the central and western regions is the improvement of resource allocation efficiencies. Therefore, relevant departments should optimize allocation patterns of discipline resources, and strengthen collaborative innovation; pay attention to university undesired outputs, and strengthen the inspection for output quality and social contribution; improve university abilites to serve regional economic and social development, and promote coordinated development of various regions.
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