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Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion)
 
2023 Vol.44 Issue.2
Published 2023-03-10
125 Control strategy of adaptive cruise system for electric vehicle driven by hub motor
LI Shengqin, FENG Qiushi
An adaptive cruise system was proposed based on hierarchical control strategy with an electric vehicle driven by hub motor as research object. Combined with the upper model predictive controller and the lower proportion integral differential (PID) controller, the driving torque output by the hub motor was precisely controlled under complex longitudinal following conditions. Based on the front vehicle acceleration, the variable headway of vehicle spacing strategy was proposed, and the model predictive control (MPC) algorithm was used to solve the expected acceleration of the upper controller. By PID algorithm, the vehicle front axle driving moment was solved to be entered into the lower wheel hub motor controller for realizing front and driving moment distribution, and finally realizing the vehicle longitudinal adaptive cruise. A co-simulation model was established to verify the proposed adaptive cruise hierarchical control strategy for scenarios of uniform forward speed, emergency braking and urban cycle conditions. The results show that the proposed adaptive cruise system control strategy has good car following effect under longitudinal complex driving conditions with small vehicle spacing error, and the acceleration change and motor drive torque change can be synchronized and responded well.
2023 Vol. 44 (2): 125-132 [Abstract] ( 51 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2319KB] ( 639 )
133 Spatial distribution of traffic accident density at urban road intersection considering severity
ZHANG Wenhui1, WANG Meina2, QIANG Tiangang1
To explore the spatial distribution patterns of traffic accidents at urban road intersections and find out the key factors affecting the severity of accidents, 1 758 valid intersection accident samples and 9 categories features were extracted from the traffic accident database of Harbin. The spatial distribution of intersection accidents was visualized，and the density analysis algorithm was used to obtain the spatial distribution characteristics of intersection accidents considering the road network density, intersection density and severity respectively. The accident severity was divided into fatal accidents and non-fatal accidents. The random forest was used to rank the significant factors affecting the accident severity in the whole urban area, low density area and medium-high density area. The results show that the spatial distribution of intersection accidents differs considering road network density, intersection density and severity respectively. Season and weather are the significant factors for the whole urban, low density and medium-high density area, while intersection type, accident type and time of day are the respectively significant factors for the three types of areas.
2023 Vol. 44 (2): 133-141 [Abstract] ( 44 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6586KB] ( 621 )
142 Multi-objective energy management strategy of fuel cell vehicle based on nonlinear programming and XGBoost
WANG Tao, HE Yao
To solve the problems of real-time and accuracy of fuel cell vehicle power distribution in current research,the off-line nonlinear programming combining online XGBoost algorithm was used to predict the fuel cell power in fuel cell vehicles. The power system model of fuel cell hybrid vehicles was constructed, and the typically mixed driving conditions of vehicles were obtained through cluster analysis. The optimal distribution ratio of fuel cells and lithium batteries under the working condition was calculated off-line by nonlinear programming algorithm. Taking the nonlinear programming calculation results as training data, the XGBoost algorithm was used to conduct the model training verification. The comparative calculation results show that through the proposed algorithm, the multi-objective consideration of the dynamic performance optimization of fuel cell hybrid system in the current off-line calculation is strengthened, and the accuracy of the online machine learning training data is improved. The  proposed XGBoost algorithm can effectively expedite the calculation speed and avoid the over-fitting of the data to realize the accurate estimation of the power of fuel cell hybrid vehicle.
2023 Vol. 44 (2): 142-150 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1882KB] ( 665 )
151 Research progress of new anode fuels for solid oxide fuel cells
WEI Shengli, MA Wanda, DU Zhenhua, YANG Fan
To solve the problems in preparation, storage and use security of traditional industrial gases with hydrogen and carbon monoxide used as anode fuels of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), the new types of anode fuels were explored to achieve low-carbon or even zero-carbon emissions of SOFC while maintaining battery performance. The current research on new anode fuels of SOFC was surveyed, and the basic principle of SOFC was summarized, while the influence of foreign and domestic energy structure was also clarified. The application of low-carbon/zero-carbon fuels in SOFC research was investigated, including methane and other low-carbon alkanes, ammonia, biomass fuels, carbon containing solid fuels, etc. The research of SOFC hybrid power system under low-carbon/zero-carbon fuel was generalized, and the development direction of SOFC was pointed out.
2023 Vol. 44 (2): 151-158 [Abstract] ( 28 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 7208KB] ( 555 )
159 Recognition of maize seed variety  purity based on hyperspectral imaging technology and IRIV algorithm
YANG Huan1,2,3, LUO Bin2,3, ZHANG Han2,3, ZHOU Yanan2,3, WANG Cheng1,2,3
Based on the hyperspectral imaging technology,the non-destructive and rapid identification method for maize seed purity was proposed. The data were preprocessed by multiple scattering correction
(MSC)， and the competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and iteratively retains informative variables (IRIV) were used to extract the characteristic wavelengths. The purity identification models of support vector machine (SVM) and line discriminant analysis (LDA) were established. The random seed value was set, and the points to be evaluated in the confidence interval were searched by the acquisition function of expected-improvement-plus  to obtain the hyper parameter value with the minimum cross-validation loss for improving the model accuracy. The results show  that the MSC-IRIV-LDA recognition model has the highest accuracy. The accuracies of the training set and the prediction set are respective 0.960 4 and 0.933 3, and the Kappa coefficient is 0.918 6. After optimizing the Delta and Gamma hyper parameters of LDA, the accuracies of training set and prediction set and Kappa coefficient can be further improved. The proposed method can realize non-destructive and rapid identification of maize seed purity, which can provide technical support for the development of precision agriculture.
2023 Vol. 44 (2): 159-165 [Abstract] ( 38 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2653KB] ( 515 )
166 Control strategy of series hybrid tractor based on nonlinear program genetic algorithm
LI Yanying1， LIU Mengnan1,2， XU Liyou1， LEI Shenghui1
According to the characteristics of series hybrid tractors, a dynamics model of the vehicles was established, and the control strategy was designed with the thermostat type control strategy or the thermostat type + brake energy recovery control strategy. To further improve the fuel economy of series hybrid tractors, the key parameters of the thermostat type control strategy were optimized by nonlinear program genetic algorithm（NLPGA）. Through the co-simulation of AVL-Cruise and Matlab/Simulink, the results show that the three strategies can effectively maintain the battery SOC within the specified range. Under the plowing + transportation conditions, the fuel consumption of the thermostat + brake energy recovery control strategy based on NLPGA is 29.25% lower than that of the thermostat type, and it is 9.35% lower than that of the thermostat + brake energy recovery control strategy. The cumulative fuel consumption is reduced by 31.50% and 1.74%, respectively.The battery SOC is increased by 8% and 6%, respectively.
2023 Vol. 44 (2): 166-172 [Abstract] ( 29 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2898KB] ( 463 )
173 Design and experiment of screw press device control system of kitchen waste
GAO Dongming， ZHANG Weisheng， HUANG Zhigang
Kitchen waste has the characteristics of complex components and differences in texture characteristics in rural areas. A control system based on PLC was designed for the screw press pretreatment with automatic pressure regulation of screw press, equipment cleaning, abnormal feeding handling, working condition monitoring, key data collection and other functions. The system could control the screw press device to treat kitchen waste automatically and realize solid-liquid separation and solid reduction. The screw press control system was tested under the conditions of 0-32 ℃ in different seasons all year round. The results show that the control system can realize automatic running according to the system logic requirements. The system can control the device to steady state within 240 s and keep the control accuracy within 5 percent of the setting value. The drive motor operates stably within 38%-50% of the rated current，and the control system can well match the screw device for kitchen waste pretreatment.
2023 Vol. 44 (2): 173-179 [Abstract] ( 24 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 8744KB] ( 436 )
180 Face age recognition algorithm based on label distribution learning
ZHANG Huiying, SHENG Wenshun， ZENG Yaozheng
To solve the problem that the available datasets for face age recognition were generally insufficient, and improve the accuracy of face age recognition with the same available dataset, the label distribution learning (LDL) strategy was introduced into the deep learning (DL) framework and named as DL-LDL. Convolutional neural networks were used to automatically extract facial features, and the improved label distribution learning was used to learn the fuzziness and ambiguity between the real age and the adjacent ages for enriching the age information and improving the recognition accuracy. The DL-LDL method was tested on two open datasets of MORPH and FG-NET. The results show that the DL-LDL method can improve the accuracy of age recognition. Compared with the most advanced facial age recognition method at present, the mean absolute errors of MORPH and FG-NET are reduced by 8.2% and 13.8%, respectively.
2023 Vol. 44 (2): 180-185 [Abstract] ( 42 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2281KB] ( 533 )
186 Cache strategy of named-data networking based on community nodes division and content popularity
GUI Yiqi， YE Zijian， CHEN Yongkang
A cache strategy based on community nodes division and content popularity(CCNCP) was proposed to improve content availability due to the limit capacity of the routers in named-data networking(NDN). The regions were divided according to the topology structure, and the importance of nodes was comprehensively measured to select local central nodes and global central nodes. The contents with different popularities were reasonably cached in nodes with different importance. The classic GN algorithm was used to obtain partition communities. The centrality indexes of degree centrality, closeness centrality and betweenness centrality were defined. The system model was established, and the cache strategy was provided. To evaluate the performance of the scheme, the Icarus was used to simulate CCNCP and other alternative strategies. The simulation experiment was implemented on two topologies of Zachary karate club network and GARR of real topology. The results show that CCNCP performs better in both topologies. When the parameter S is equal to 0.25, the cache hit ratio, latency and path stretch ratio of CCNCP and the second best cache strategy ProbCache are 30.9% and 26.8%, 52.9 and 56.2 ms, 0.584 and 0.617, respectively, and the former is 4.1% higher, 5.9% lower and 5.3% lower than the latter, which indicates that the proposed CCNCP has significant salient performance over the current typical strategies in all three metrics.
2023 Vol. 44 (2): 186-193 [Abstract] ( 28 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2407KB] ( 536 )
194 Consensus algorithm of apron multi-agent networks based on self-triggered impulsive pinning control
CHEN Weixing, SHI Zhiwen
To reduce the unnecessary waste of controlling resources and improve the convergence rate in the apron multi-agent network scene, a novel consensus algorithm based on the self-triggered impulsive pinning control was proposed. A multi-agent network model was established based on graph theory, and an impulse excitation function was designed to estimate each pulse moment automatically. The meliorative node importance measure with more evaluation indexes was defined simultaneously to select the more appropriate pinning nodes. The convergence of network status was simulated and analyzed in MATLAB. The results show that by the proposed method, the sampling trigger frequency and the controlled nodes number are effectively reduced, and the better performance than competing methods can be obtained with the smoother trend of convergence. The simpler the topological structure is, the better the control effect is.
2023 Vol. 44 (2): 194-199 [Abstract] ( 35 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2534KB] ( 448 )
200 Mechanism analysis of bio-oil hydrogenation under condition of dielectric barrier discharge reaction
ZHAO Weidong1, ZHU Yanhui1, QI Xiaolong1, WANG Junfeng2
Dielectric barrier discharge reaction technology is an effective way to achieve the hydrogenation and upgrading of thermosensitive bio-oil under mild reaction conditions. To analyze the hydrogenation reaction pathway and mechanism of each component of bio-oil under the condition of dielectric barrier discharge, hydrogenation experiments and theoretical investigation on the simulated bio-oil prepared by model compounds were conducted based on the previous studies. The results show that butyric acid and butanol are mainly esterified to produce butyl butyrate, and the hydrogenation liquid product of hydroxyl acetone is mainly isobutyl aldehyde. Furfural is mainly saturated by hydrogenation to produce furfuryl alcohol, and the guaiacol is mainly broken by methyl to produce catechol and further hydrogenation to cyclohexene. The conversion rates of model compounds of butyric acid, butanol, furfural, hydroxyacetone, guaiacol, ethyl acetate and cyclohexane are 82.86%, 85.95%, 82.05%, 83.79%, 51.70%, 68.54% and 13.03%, respectively. Acid, aldehyde and ketone can lead bio-oil to poor corrosion and thermal stability and show high reactivity.
2023 Vol. 44 (2): 200-206 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1794KB] ( 463 )
207 Effect of Pt-based monolithic catalysts with different support on low temperature reaction performance of hydrogen
ZHOU Ying, TANG Aikun, NI Qiang, LI Chong
A monolithic catalyst Pt/support/cordierite was prepared with hydrogen zeolite sieve molecular-5 (HZSM-5) and oxides  (Al2O3，TiO2 and SiO2) coating as support, cordierite as matrix and Pt as active component. The structure and properties of the catalyst were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and XPS. The effects of carriers and Pt loads on the catalytic reaction performance of hydrogen in low temperature were investigated when the volume concentration of hydrogen is 2.5%. The results show that the monolithic catalyst supported by HZSM-5 has the best performance, which is related to the good adhesion of the active layer, the good distribution of Pt and the uniform particle size. The catalyst with SiO2 as support shows the worst performance, because the support has the least Pt0 with weak Pt load. Pt/HZSM-5/cordierite monolithic catalyst shows better catalytic activity when the load of Pt is 0.01 g·L-1. With  Pt load of 0.05 g·L-1 and more, Pt/HZSM-5/cordierite monolithic catalyst can rapidly set up even at room temperature and achieve 100% conversion.
2023 Vol. 44 (2): 207-212 [Abstract] ( 51 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5381KB] ( 694 )
213 Influence of asymmetric thermal resistance on performance of thermoelectric generator
WANG Jun1, LI Xingjun2, MENG Qingtian1, HUANG Zhiqiang1
To optimize the thermal resistance of thermoelectric generator for improving performance, the output performance variation of thermoelectric generator with different thermal resistance at both sides was investigated. The external ceramic substrates with different thermal conductivity and thickness were used to simulate the thermal resistance at both sides of thermoelectric generator. The variation of temperature difference, open-circuit voltage, output power and maximum output power of thermoelectric generator at different hot source temperatures and load resistances was analyzed. The results show that when the thermal resistance at both sides of the thermoelectric generator is the same, the temperature difference and the open-circuit voltage are increased with the increasing of hot source temperature. When the thermal resistance at both sides of thermoelectric generator is different, the open-circuit voltage and the maximum output power are increased with the increasing of hot source temperature. The effective temperature difference is increased with the increasing of load resistance, and the power is increased first with latter decreasing when the load resistance is increased. Compared to the performance of thermoelectric generator with the same thermal resistance at both sides, the ceramic substrate with smaller thermal resistance at the hot side is more beneficial to improve the output performance of thermoelectric generator, and the improvement effect is more obvious near the maximum power point. The open-circuit voltage, the maximum output power and the maximum effective temperature difference can be increased by 0.64 V, 0.87 W and 24.5 ℃, respectively.
2023 Vol. 44 (2): 213-220 [Abstract] ( 27 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3921KB] ( 565 )
221 Fault diagnosis of simulation circuit based on PSO-PF-SVM
WANG Li1, JIA Xinyu2
To solve the difficult diagnosis problem caused by the nonlinearity and high dimensionality of the analog circuit output signal, the support vector machine(SVM) classifier parameter optimization algorithm was proposed for analog circuit fault diagnosis. The fault features were extracted from the circuit output signal by the combination S-GLCM  of S-transform and gray-level co-generation matrix (GLCM) method. The particle swarm algorithm (PSO) fused with particle filtering algorithm (PF) was used to update the position and velocity of particles in real time by resampling to efficiently optimize the SVM parameters, and the feature vectors were brought into the model to conduct the training and testing and complete the high-precision fault diagnosis of each fault mode of the circuit. The reliability of the method was analyzed by two international benchmark circuit experiments. The results show that S-GLCM has great advantages in the processing of nonlinear and non-stationary signals, and each group of 1 500 sampling points of the circuit output signal can be reduced to 8-dimensional feature vector with reduced redundant information. Compared with the unoptimized algorithm, the diagnostic accuracy of the proposed method is improved by about 11.2%.
2023 Vol. 44 (2): 221-228 [Abstract] ( 33 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2881KB] ( 393 )
229 Research and application of new intelligent chlorination method
MAO Weiping, LIU Zhihao
To solve the problems of feedback lag, nonlinear correlation and interference factors in the dosing process and the problems of the traditional proportion integration differentiation（PID）controller with slow response speed, high secondary disturbance and weak anti-interference ability, a new intelligent sodium hypochlorite dosing scheme was designed to meet the requirements of chlorine concentration and dosage of effluent in the chlorination process for water purification. In the new intelligent chlorination scheme, ControlLogix system was used as the lower machine, and model predictive control (MPC) module was embedded in the lower machine. In the model predictive control module, the historical data of the water plant was used to build the prediction model, and the model training was carried out in the simulation practical application. In the control module, the empirical formula of the water plant was integrated to realize the intelligent control of the dosing system. The results show that the residual chlorine concentration is stable at the range of 0.97-1.16 mg·L-1. Compared with the traditional chlorination scheme, the consumption of sodium hypochlorite solution per hour in the new intelligent chlorination scheme is reduced by 0.5%-1.0%.
2023 Vol. 44 (2): 229-234 [Abstract] ( 28 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2838KB] ( 543 )
235 Damage law of asphalt mixture under freeze-thaw cycle conditions
CHENG Peifeng, WANG Tianqi, LI Yiming, ZHANG Kaiyuan
To investigate the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures, the changes of adhesion work and exfoliated work between asphalt aggregate interface under different freeze-thaw cycles were analyzed based on the surface free energy theory, and the moisture stability of asphalt mixture was evaluated. The effects of water saturation and freeze-thaw on the water stability of asphalt mixture were further explored by splitting test and Logistic model. The results show that with the increasing of freeze-thaw times, the surface energy and cohesive work of asphalt are decreased with decreased adhesion work between asphalt and aggregate, while the exfoliated work is increased with decreased moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixture. The void fraction of asphalt mixture is increased with the increasing of freeze-thaw times, while the splitting strength is decreased. The greater the saturation of asphalt mixture during freeze-thaw is, the greater the damage degree and damage rate are. When the saturation of asphalt mixture is greater than 50.00%, the effect of freeze-thaw on the performance of asphalt mixture becomes more obvious. Therefore, it is recommended that the freeze-thaw splitting test of asphalt mixture should be carried out under the condition of saturation higher than 50.00%.
2023 Vol. 44 (2): 235-241 [Abstract] ( 34 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2098KB] ( 606 )
242 Simulation of thermal performance of low quality water casing phase change material wall
HU Zicheng, YANG Chen, GUO Xinglong, GE Fenghua, WANG Song
By the active phase change material (PCM) wall, the peakload shifting for electric network can be realized with energy saving and emission reduction. An active PCM wall with low quality water for double conditions of building cooling and heating was constructed by encapsulating PCM in casing pipes. The effects of PCM physical properties of phase change temperature, latent heat, thermal conductivity and arrangements of PCM layers on the surface temperature and heat flux of PCM wall were simulated. The results show that the peak phase change temperatures of PCMs are about 15.0 ℃ and 30.0 ℃ for building cooling and heating, respectively. The increasing of latent heat of PCM is beneficial to the reduction of surface temperature fluctuation and thickness of PCM wall, while the increasing of thermal conductivity of PCM can increase the surface heat flux of PCM wall. When PCMs are arranged with the interval layout of thermal storage PCM and cold storage PCM, the optimal comprehensive thermal performance of PCM wall for double conditions of building cooling and heating can be achieved.
2023 Vol. 44 (2): 242-248 [Abstract] ( 30 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2464KB] ( 421 )
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