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Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion)

	2014 Vol.35 Issue.6 Published 2014-11-10

	Article

Article

	621	Quasi-sliding mode variable structure control and test of semi-active air suspension damping
		SUN Li-Qin, LI Zhong-Xing, XU Xing
		Taking the semi-active air suspension system of a novel adjustable damping as research object, the whole vehicle dynamic model of air suspension system was established based on the structures and working mechanism.Variable structure control system of vehicle semiactive air suspension damping was designed based on model-tracking, and D2P rapid development platform was applied to design quasisliding mode variable structure controller. The test bench of semi-physical model was established based on MTS320 road simulator to investigate vehicle ride performance. The simulation and test results show that the sprung mass acceleration root mean square is decreased by 19.34% than that under ″allvalve closed″ damping condition, and increased by 2.65% than that under ″allvalve opened″ damping condition after control. The front and the rear suspension dynamic deflection root mean squares are respectively increased by 33.00% and 10.00% than those under ″all-valve closed″ damping condition separately, and decreased by 12.50% and 8.33% than those under ″allvalve opened″ damping condition. The vehicle ride performance and riding comfortable performance are effectively improved by the proposed quasi-sliding mode variable structure damping control system of semi-active air suspension.
		2014 Vol. 35 (6): 621-626 [Abstract] ( 1420 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2747KB] ( 1321 )

	627	Influencing factors analysis of twist beam suspension characteristic
		GAO Jin, YANG Xiu-Jian, NIU Zi-Ru, YANG Lu, CHEN Shu-Qiao
		To investigate the correlation between the characteristics of suspension and full vehicle and design parameters of twist beam suspension, the influence factors on twist beam suspension characteristics were analyzed. A rigidflex model of twist beam suspension was built to discuss the influences of position, orientation and torsion stiffness of cross section on the suspension K&C characteristics. The nonlinear relationship between K&C characteristics and above parameters were obtained by simulation.The extreme value of suspension characteristics index and significance of influence design parameters on suspension characteristics index were summarized. The relationship between orientation of cross section and suspension roll center, wheel load transfer, sideslip angle was explicitly explained based on the vehicle double track movement model. In full design space, the nonlinear relationship curves among steady, transient handling index and orientation angle of cross section were obtained.The results show that the optimal steady and transient characteristics of vehicle are achieved at about 75° downward angle of cross section.
		2014 Vol. 35 (6): 627-634 [Abstract] ( 3413 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2922KB] ( 2703 )

	635	Survey of information security research for vehicle electronic control system in vehicle Internet environment
		MA Shi-Dian, JIANG Hao-Bin, HAN Mou, CHEN Long
		With the consideration of information security issues for future smart vehicles in Internet communications with outside network, the vehicle electronic control system information security in vehicle Internet environments was investigated to improve the ability of vehicle electronic control system for preventing attacks and realizing reliable work. The system architecture of vehicle electronic control was analyzed to find the security hole. The latest literatures and the related apocalypse were summarized. According to the requirements of vehicle electronic control system in vehicle Internet, the further hot research interests of new information security model, lightweighting cryptography system and active defense strategy for information system onboard were pointed out.
		2014 Vol. 35 (6): 635-643 [Abstract] ( 2627 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1475KB] ( 2738 )

	644	Spatiotemporal characteristics of nitrogen dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure
		LIU Zhi-Nan, CAI Yi-Xi
		The one dimensional selfconsistent model of nitrogen dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure was established to numerically simulate the spatiotemporal characteristics of nitrogen in discharge gap. The simulation results show that there are two times discharge in one discharge cycle, and the discharge begins when first peak of current density appears before applied voltage reversing. The gas gap voltage remains constant till applied voltage reverses to the maximum peak value, and then discharge ends. The number densities of N2(A3∑+u) and N2(a′1∑-u) with long life are significantly higher than those of N2(B3Πg) and N2(C3Πu). The number densities of N2(B3Πg) and N2(C3Πu) are greatly influenced by electric field distribution in discharge space, and the peak value appears alternately between positive and negative conversion during discharge process. The number densities of nitrogen ion state of particles are higher than that of electron density，which illuminates the nitrogen DBD belongs to Townsend discharge， and N+2 are main nitrogen ion state particles in discharge space.
		2014 Vol. 35 (6): 644-648 [Abstract] ( 1158 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1614KB] ( 1520 )

	649	Measurement of charged spray flow field for external mixing twinfluid nozzle by PIV
		WANG Jun-Feng, YAO Jiang, ZHANG Zong-Hai, WANG Zhen-Tao, HUO Yuan-Ping
		The PIV technology was applied to investigate the spray field structure of charged twinfluid nozzle under coupling interaction of gasliquid twophase flow field and electric field. In order to solve the problem of droplets sucking back by electrode ring during induction charging process, a ringshaped aircircuit electrostatic induction device was designed. The results show that the speed of jet core area is increased when liquid flow rate of Q increases from 20 L·h-1 to 36 L·h-1, and the spray structure becomes more asymmetric with the increasing of liquid flow rate. Fan pressure and atomization pressure play important roles in the changes of spray cone angle and spray symmetry. The spray cone angle slightly increases, and the vortex structure emerges under the effect of high electrostatic voltage field. The charged electrode ring is surrounded by tiny droplets because of up convolution movement. When the air pressure of electrostatic ring is 100 kPa, the lowpressure wind issued from charged electrode ring can effectively weaken the up covolution movement, and the twinfluid atomizer can be stably operated for longterm.
		2014 Vol. 35 (6): 649-655 [Abstract] ( 1106 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3366KB] ( 1443 )

	656	Comparison and selection of smallscale irrigation machines with multiple sprinklers based on grey relational analysis
		TU Qin, LI Hong, WANG Xin-Kun, LI Yi-Ming, JIANG Yue
		According to the requirements of farmers, four technical and economic indicators of specific energy consumption, annual construction cost, coefficient of irrigation uniformity and operation time were established based on pipeline hydraulics and practices of irrigation systems for the selection of smallscale irrigation machines with multiple sprinklers. Three typical field sizes of 0.67 hm2, 3.33 hm2 and 6.67 hm2 were determined based on the average land area per capita in the provinces where the machines were well applied. According to grey relational analysis (GRA), irrigation in Jinan, Shandong province was taken as an example to evaluate and select proper alternatives among six available smallscale irrigation machines for each field size. In the calculation, configurations of the machines were obtained by genetic algorithms and validated with field tests. The results show that the proposed approach can summarize the characteristics of each machine well and can outline the affecting factors on the overall machine performances. The evaluation results are in good accordance with practices. Higher pressures of sprinklers result in higher energy consumption, and more sprinklers lead to larger annual construction cost and longer operation time. The selection of irrigation machines may be impacted by the field size and the irrigation quota, thus it should be analyzed according to actual situation.
		2014 Vol. 35 (6): 656-662 [Abstract] ( 1094 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1979KB] ( 1283 )

	663	Characteristics of air-conditioning cooling operation under variable condition
		TANG Chun-Li, WANG Qian, CHEN Yu-Ping, YANG Shan-Shan
		Taking an airconditioning under cooling condition as research object， the variation characteristics of evaporating and condensing pressure, superheat temperature, subcooling temperature, suction volume and refrigerant circulation flow were investigated based on theoretical and experimental method with varied indoor environment humidity and airflow. The results show that when the evaporator load is decreased， the reducing amplitude of evaporating pressure is greater than that of condensing pressure to result in the decreasing of gas transmission coefficient. When the suction volume increases， the refrigerant circulation flow is reduced to lead to the declining of refrigerating capacity of system.
		2014 Vol. 35 (6): 663-666 [Abstract] ( 2474 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1562KB] ( 1366 )

	667	Vinegar beverage fermentation from pueraria lobata(Willd.) Ohwi with multi-strains
		MA Xiao-Ke, WANG Zhen-Bin, MA Hai-Le, Wang-Xi, ZHANG Wen-Tong, YANG Jin-Yu
		The novel vinegar beverage riched with isoflavones was prepared with enzyme hydrolysis and multistrains simultaneous fermentation from pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi. The results show that the optimal conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis are obtained with ratio of material to solvent of 1∶20, pH value of 5.0, dosage of cellulase， αamylase and glucoamylase of 1, 20 and 10 mg·g-1 respectively and at 50 ℃for 1 hour. Under the optimal conditions, the isoflavonoid extraction rate reaches 7.51% with reducing sugar content of 20.76% in solution. Three microbial strains were added into vinegar beverage fermentation under the conditions with proportioning ratio of lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria and yeast of 2∶2∶1, inoculation amount at 2.5% of raw material, ratio of material to liquid of 1∶12, rice protein peptide adding amount of 0.2 g·g-1 and at 30 ℃ fermentation for 5 days. The total acid content and the isoflavonoids content of the novel vinegar beverage are 17.90 and 6.59 g·L-1, respectively .
		2014 Vol. 35 (6): 667-673 [Abstract] ( 956 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1629KB] ( 1557 )

	674	Detection of illegal dumping dredged material based on sound absorption in turbid seawater
		YUAN Fei, LI Wei-Xiang, WANG Jia-Le, CHENG En
		In order to conveniently and effectively monitor illegal dumping by port dredging barges, a noncontact detection method was proposed based on seawater sound absorption characteristics. Acoustic signals of constant amplitudes sweep were sent and received periodically in the monitored area, and the frequency characteristic curves of underwater channel were obtained from the received signal. When the dredging barge dumped sediment, the particle concentration in seawater was changed drastically accompanying with the changing of frequency characteristic curve. The illegal dumping could be detected by comparing the difference of the adjacent curves. Computational model of sound absorption coefficient in turbid seawater was established, and a series of simulations of MATLAB were completed. The results show that the proposed method can effectively identify the offending behavior of throwing sand, which provides the foundation for the further distribution network design.
		2014 Vol. 35 (6): 674-678 [Abstract] ( 949 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1663KB] ( 1406 )

	679	Task allocation and scheduling for homogeneous multi-core processors based on ant colony optimization
		QIN Zhi-Dong, HOU Ying, XIAO Fang-Xiong

		2014 Vol. 35 (6): 679-684 [Abstract] ( 1103 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1677KB] ( 1273 )

	685	Prediction model of equipment maintenance support cost based on n-order gray system theory
		DAN Li-Li, HE Xiang-Dong, ZHONG Zhi-Ming, YUAN Ji-Jun, LI Meng-Xuan
		To improve the using rationality of equipment maintenance support (EMS) cost, the concept of ″compensation factor″ and a new GM (1,1 ) model were proposed based on the norder compensation factor. A calculation flow was designed to obtain the ideal value of the proposed model, which could also weaken the phenomenon of ″overcompensation″ in the forecasting process. The actual data of EMS cost was analyzed, and the panning transformation as well as accumulative generation was realized to achieve the actual data sequence because the actual data of EMS cost have a strongly monotonic increasing regularity. The prediction model of EMS cost was constructed to solve the solution by the proposed method, the calculation flow and the processed data. The experiment was conducted to compare the introduced model with ordinary GM (1,1) and BP neural network. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the proposed model is higher than those of the other two methods, which indicates that the prediction model based on norder compensation factor is useful and accurate.
		2014 Vol. 35 (6): 685-692 [Abstract] ( 902 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1661KB] ( 1394 )

	693	Variational level set medical image segmentation based on kernel fuzzy clustering
		LIU Zhe, SONG Yu-Qing, LIU Ya-Jing
		The existing variational level set without reinitialization model proposed by Li Chunming is less sensitive to images of similar internal pixel gray value with bad edge separation, and the segmentation results are not satisfying. To solve the problems, the variational level set medical image segmentation method was proposed based on kernel fuzzy clustering. The original image was transformed by kernel fuzzy Cmeans clustering， and the clustering results were introduced into the initial level set function． The improved edge indicator function was brought into the Li model to achieve the ultimate image segmentation. The experiments were conducted on MR images of human brain and shoulder with the proposed method, and the results were objectively evaluated with the maximum Shannon entropy. The experimental results show that the maximum Shannon entropy of the proposed method is higher than that of Li model method to a certain extent, and the proposed method contains less elapsed time and less iteration times at the same time. The proposed method has good segmentation quality and strong adaptability without reinitialization.
		2014 Vol. 35 (6): 693-698 [Abstract] ( 1374 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2190KB] ( 1361 )

	699	Denoising for WFT signal based on sparse representation of wavelet packet coefficient
		CHEN Xu, LIN Guo-Yu
		To solve the problem that the sensitivity and the reliability of measurement were strongly decreased by the influence of various disturbances on wheel force transducer(WFT) signal, according to the compressive sensing theory, a new denoising method was proposed based on sparse representation to remove the noises from WFT signal by recovering the sparseness of wavelet packet detail coefficients. The wavelet packet decomposition was carried out to obtain the detail and approximation coefficients. A framework with constraints was constructed to minimize the number of nonzero coefficients, and the l0 norm problem was boiled down to the l1 norm problem to remove the wavelet packet coefficients of noise by iterative weighted algorithm. The denoised WFT signal was reconstructed based on the resulting wavelet packet coefficients by wavelet packet reconstruction. The experiments were completed to compare the denoising performance of threshold denoising method and the proposed method on WFT signal. The results show that compared with the threshold denoising methods, the proposed method is more effective for improving SNR (signaltonoise ratio) and reserving the detail of the signal.
		2014 Vol. 35 (6): 699-704 [Abstract] ( 1385 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1467KB] ( 1576 )

	705	Preparation of texturing monocrystalline silicon with sodium carbonate solution
		LIU De-Xiong, LI Xiao-Hong, LI Wen-Xiu
		In order to improve the optoelectronic conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar cells, a new nontoxic alkaline etchant of Na2CO3 was used to texture single crystalline silicon wafers, reduce surface reflectivity of silicon wafer and enhance light absorption. The effects of etchant concentration, texturing time and additive concentration on texturization effect were investigated. The results show that the lowest texturization reflectivity was obtained with 13.0% Na2CO3 solution at 95 ℃ for 23 minutes. Adding NaHCO3 into Na2CO3 solution, the reflectivity can be further decreased, and the average reflectance reaches 11.150％ at the range of 400 nm to 800 nm with more little and homogeneous pyramids on silicon surface. Compared with conventional solution of NaOH and IPA, Na2CO3 solutions are introduced to etch silicon wafers with lower cost, and the largescale production of single crystalline silicon solar can be promised by the proposed method.
		2014 Vol. 35 (6): 705-709 [Abstract] ( 1576 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1776KB] ( 1556 )

	710	Effect of magnetic field on green organic light-emitting devicebased on NPBx
		GAO Yong-Hui, JIANG Wen-Long, KANG Zhi-Jie, ZHANG Gang
		The effects of magnetic fields on green organic lightemitting devices based on NPBx were discussed.The green organic lightemitting devices based on NPBx were prepared with device structure of ITO/ NPBx (50 nm)/ Alq3(80 nm)/ LiF（0.5 nm） /Al . The changing ratio with efficiency and the changing ratio of current were measured under an applied magnetic field components with different sizes.The range of variation of the magnetic field was from 0 to 100 mT. The positive changing ratio of current with the increasing of magnetic field indicated that the current was increased. With the increasing of magnetic field strength, the changing ratio of current was gradually increased. The changing ratio of efficiency of devices in the role of the magnetic field was positive, which showed that efficiency was increased. The results show that for driving voltage of 6.5 V with external magnetic field of 30 mT, the incremental of efficiency reaches the maximum of about 7.4% with later declining after reaching saturation. The changing ratio of efficiency changes is consistent with other voltages with a downward trend after reaching saturation.
		2014 Vol. 35 (6): 710-714 [Abstract] ( 1208 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1417KB] ( 1463 )

	715	Prediction analysis of recycled performance for aged SBS modified asphalt
		GAN Xin-Li, ZHENG Nan-Xiang, JI Xiao-Ping
		To predict the reclaimed performance of aged SBS modified asphalt, a composite law equation model was established to describe the performance relationship between reclaimed SBS modified asphalt with new and old asphalt. Base asphalt, modified asphalt and recycling agent were used to recovery the performance of aged SBS modified asphalt. Viscosity, penetration, softening point and ductility were tested to calculate the viscosity deviation index by solving the composite rate equation. The properties of aged SBS modified asphalt reclaimed by different ways were compared. The results show that the reclaimed performance of aged SBS modified asphalt can be predicted well by the composite rate equation. Base asphalt and recycling agent have good regeneration effect on viscosity, softening point and penetration of aged SBS modified asphalt, while the modified asphalt has good regeneration effect on ductility.
		2014 Vol. 35 (6): 715-718 [Abstract] ( 1408 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1308KB] ( 1528 )

	719	Experiment of anti-seepage behavior of polypropylene fiber reinforced mortar
		JIAO Chu-Jie, DING Ming-Hao, LAI Xue-Quan, HU Zhi-Yong, WANG Long
		To investigate the antiseepage behavior of polypropylene fiber reinforced mortar, the experiments of construction performance and mechanical properties of consistency, stratification, apparent density, setting time, compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile and adhesion strength, alkali resistance, heat resistance, water absorption rate, drying shrinkage rate and impermeability pressure were conducted. The quality benchmark ratio（Mf） of polypropylene fiber was ranged from 0 to 0.900%. The experimental results show that with the increasing of Mf, consistency, stratification and adhesion strength of polypropylene fiber reinforced mortar are decreased, and flexural strength increases first with later decreasing, while the water absorption rate and drying shrinkage rate decrease first with later increasing. The impermeability of mortar is obviously improved when Mf increases from 0 to 0.450%, and the impermeability of mortar is reduced gradually when Mf increases from 0.450% to 0.900%.
		2014 Vol. 35 (6): 719-721 [Abstract] ( 1211 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1319KB] ( 1654 )

	722	Optimization of cable force for cable-stayed bridges with mixed stiffening girders based on genetic algorithm
		WU Xiao, XIAO Ru-Cheng
		According to the different effect of cable force on internal forces of two kinds of main girds of cablestayed bridges with hybrid girders, the stepbystep arithmetic for the establishment of reasonable finished dead state was proposed. According to the loading requirement of steel gird and main tower, the cable force was decided, and the prestressed reinforcement was placed with the consideration of concrete girder under fixed cable force. Based on the arithmetic, taking the minimum bending and the tensioncompression strain energy of steel gird and main tower as objective function, the optimization problem was solved by the improved genetic algorithm. A finite element model of second Jiujiang Bridge was established based on Ansys to realize the mathematical optimization course of cable force. The result shows that the proposed algorithm is reliable for the cable force optimization of cablestayed bridges with mixed stiffening girders. Compared with traditional algorithm, the additional cable force adjustment can be avoided in the proposed algorithm. The improved genetic algorithm is superior for resolving the complex nonlinear model with multiparameter and multioptimizing variables.
		2014 Vol. 35 (6): 722-726 [Abstract] ( 1362 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1783KB] ( 1353 )

	727	Brittle elastic damage constitutive model of plain concrete under biaxial compression after freezethaw cycles
		SHANG Huai-Shuai, CAO Lei, WANG Hui-Ping, LI Ran
		The mechanical performance of plain concrete depends on not only the plain concrete body, but also the behavior suffered from the damage of freezethaw cycles. The biaxial compression stressstrain curves of concrete after freezethaw cycles were taken as research objects, and the characteristics of strain of ε3 in the direction of main pressure affected by effective stress of 2 were considered. The brittle elastic damage constitutive model of plain concrete specimens under biaxial compression after freezethaw cycles was established based on thermodynamics mechanics and damage mechanics. The computed results according to brittle elastic damage constitutive model were compared with the experimental results. The results show that the proposed model can well describe the stressstrain curves of plain concrete under biaxial compression after freezethaw cycles.
		2014 Vol. 35 (6): 727-731 [Abstract] ( 1411 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1403KB] ( 1308 )

	732	Analysis of onedimensional nonlinear consolidation for soft soils with threshold gradient
		LI Chuan-Xun, WANG Kun
		With the considerations of threshold gradient and nonlinearity, the governing equation was established, and the numerical solutions was solved by finite difference method and verified by comparing with analytical solutions from Darcys law. The influence of parameters on consolidation behavior was discussed. The results show that the time of seepage boundary moving to the bottom surface of soil layer is increased with the increasing of threshold gradient, while the dissipation rate of excess pore water pressure slows down. With the increasing of cc/ck value, the moving rate of seepage boundary and the rate of consolidation both slow down. The moving rate of boundary speeds up with the increasing of the external loading or decreasing of soil layer thickness. The consolidation rate of soil layer speeds up with the increasing of external loading or with the decreasing of soil layer thickness for cc/ck of 0.5. The consolidation rate of soil layer slows down with the increasing of external loading or with the decreasing of soil layer thickness for cc/ck of 1.5.
		2014 Vol. 35 (6): 732-737 [Abstract] ( 1047 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2371KB] ( 1461 )

	738	Reliability of repairable three-unit system with single vacation and priority
		CHEN Yan, ZHU Yi-Juan, CHEN Pei-Shu
		The repairable threeunit system with single vacation and preemptive priority was investigated. Assuming that the system has a certain closing down rule， there is only one mechanic, and parts can be repaired as good as new. Part 1 has the preemptive priority right to be repaired, and other parts are repaired based on the rule of bad first repair. The lifetimes of the three units show exponential distribution， and part 1 has variable lifetimes. The repairing time is general continuous distribution, and the availability characteristics and the reliability of the system are obtained by the method of supplement variables. A special case was also provided.
		2014 Vol. 35 (6): 738-744 [Abstract] ( 827 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1377KB] ( 1213 )

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