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Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion)

	2013 Vol.34 Issue.2 Published 2013-03-10

	Article

Article

	125	Improvement of control strategy in hybrid brake system of electric vehicle
		He Ren,Yu Jianbo,Wang Runcai
		The safe area of braking force distribution was established theoretically by analyzing braking dynamics and the ECE R13 rule for hybrid braking system of electric vehicles. In the safe area, to obtain maximum energy of regenerative braking and meet the requirements of ECE R13 and braking stability, an optimization method of motor regenerative braking force and friction braking force distribution was proposed for the hybrid braking system with friction braking force distribution to front and rear axle. The point coordinate of switching operation mode and the rake ratio of braking force distribution were optimized. According to the changeable effect factors of braking force distribution, a novel control strategy of braking force distribution was designed based on fuzzy logic with three parametersinput. The new models of braking control strategy were simulated in ADVISOR2002 to verify the improved control strategy. The results show that the two new control strategies can effectively improve the rate of braking energy recovery in electric vehicle.
		2013 Vol. 34 (2): 125-130 [Abstract] ( 3931 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1511KB] ( 3143 )

	131	Matching experiment of EV powertrain parameters

		To lower EV energy consumption, the optimal matching of battery pack, driving motor and transmission system parameters of powertrain was carried out based on car design index and city road conditions. The driving cycle of Jinan city was tested with pure electric microbus to contour the ordinary EV running conditions. A 7.5 kW AC asynchronous motor and a 192 V/100 A·h LiFePO4/C battery pack for the powertrain were analyzed by consideration of car design index, battery pack voltage and mass effect on energy consumption. The efficiency characteristics of the driving motor, the battery pack, the matching character were determined by the EV test bench. The matching relationship between the electrical power driving system and the mechanical transmission system was measured by chassis dynamometer and optimized to suit for most EV common driving conditions. The results show that the EV endurance mileage reaches 169 km under 40 km·h-1 by constant speed metering method. Under the basic urban driving cycle， the endurance mileage reaches 160 km with energy consumption of 12.01 kW·h/100 km.
		2013 Vol. 34 (2): 131-137 [Abstract] ( 3024 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3192KB] ( 3519 )

	138	Integrated control algorithm of ABS and AFS for automobile
		Feng Chong, Ding Nenggen, He Yongling
		An integrated control algorithm of antilock braking system (ABS) and active front steering (AFS) system was proposed. A logic threshold control algorithm was used for ABS with the wheel angular acceleration as main threshold and the slip rate as auxiliary threshold. Based on a two degrees of freedom vehicle model, a combined control algorithm of sliding mode feedback control and yaw compensation feedforward control was used for AFS. The integrated control algorithm was evaluated by an 8 degrees of freedom vehicle model with ′Magic Formula′ tire model and driver singlepoint preview model. The braking maneuver simulations of μsplit roads characterized by straight sections and bend sections with fixed curvature were performed with Matlab/Simulink to evaluate the algorithm validity. The simulation results show that the integrated control algorithm can significantly shorten the braking distance and enhance the vehicle steering stability in braking process.
		2013 Vol. 34 (2): 138-143 [Abstract] ( 2192 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2078KB] ( 1962 )

	144	Estimation method of tireroad friction coefficient based on maximum aligning moment

		The tireroad friction coefficient is difficult to detect, while it is important for vehicle control systems, especially for vehicle active safety systems. A Brush tire model was introduced, and the lateral characteristics were verified by experimental results of a single wheel test bench. Based on the analysis of dynamic characteristics of an electric power steering (EPS) system, the total aligning moment of the steering system was measured by the sensors equipped with EPS. The linear relation between maximum total aligning moment and tireroad friction coefficient was derived. A theoretical approach for detecting the peak value of total aligning moment was proposed based on three assumptions. A maximum aligning moment method (MAMM) was designed for the estimation of tireroad friction coefficient. The numerical and the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can be applied for various roads with satisfactory accuracy.
		2013 Vol. 34 (2): 144-149 [Abstract] ( 1800 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3752KB] ( 3264 )

	150	Life circle environmental assessment and operating control strategy of water chiller

		Life cycle assessment was used to investigate the effects of watercooled screw chiller on human health, ecosystem quality and resource consumption. The emissions of greenhouse gas and polluted gas were obtained. The concept of environmental benefit curve was proposed to compare environmental benefit of water chiller with that of home air conditioning based on an engineering project. The results show that environmental effect and gas output were the main indicators for evaluating the environmental benefit of watercooled screw chiller. The usage of electrical power has marked influence on environment. To reduce the harmful extent to environment, more attention should be paid on power saving and new energy using. The comparison of two projects shows that water chiller has more stable environmental benefit, which is more suitable for permanent investment. When operating hour is over 1 000 h per year, water chiller will represent good environmental benefit.
		2013 Vol. 34 (2): 150-155 [Abstract] ( 1433 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1634KB] ( 1892 )

	156	Novel PML absorbing boundary condition of magnetized plasma

		The absorbing boundary condition (ABC) of the novel perfectly matched layer (NPML) of onedimensional truncated magnetized plasma was investigated. According to the electromagnetic scattering theory formula of magnetized plasma, the space variables of partial derivatives in the Maxwell partial differential equation were stretched. Because there were no partial derivatives between variable Jx and Jy in mathematical expression, it was no need for coordinate transformation. The variables of Jx and Jy share the same expression in plasma and NPML. The simulation and calculation results show that the new scheme is less complex than conventional methods. Due to the stretchedscheme in coordinate system, the complex field splitting form is avoided for truncating ordinary media by PML method .The new scheme is much easier than the uniaxial anisotropy perfectly matched layer (UPML). The onedimensional simulation results are consistent with the analytical solution, which means the validity of the NPML ABC algorithm.
		2013 Vol. 34 (2): 156-160 [Abstract] ( 1424 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 729 )

	161	Quantitative evaluation comparison of sensory taste quality for green tea by chemistry instrument and electronic tongue methods

		To make up for the defect of sensory method for evaluating green tea taste quality, chemistry instrument and electronic tongue were used for the quantitative evaluation of green tea taste quality. Ten main taste compositions of tea polyphenols, amino acids, caffeine, GA, EGC, C, EGCG, GCG, ECG and total content of catechins were determined by chemistry instrument. The sensor signals of green tea infusion of each sample were obtained by electronic tongue. The BPANN models of 10 taste composition contents with sensory taste scores and sensor signals with sensory taste scores were established, respectively. The results show that the predicting results of green tea sensory taste quality by chemistry instrument and electronic tongue are reliable. However, the performance of BPANN model with RMSEP of 1.913 and Rp of 0.932 in the prediction set by electronic tongue is better than that by chemistry instrument. The results demonstrate that electronic tongue can better predict the sensory taste quality of green tea.
		2013 Vol. 34 (2): 161-165 [Abstract] ( 1573 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1253KB] ( 2395 )

	166	Optimization design based on kinetic model and extraction process of pectin from pomelo(Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) fruit peel

		The pectin extraction of pomelo(Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) fruit peel was investigated by the method of acid hydrolysis. The kinetic model of the processes of protopectin hydrolysis to pectin, pectin diffusion from tissue to solvent, degradation of some pectin macromolecules was established by synchronous series reaction method to estimate the most important mass transfer coefficients. Based on the effects of degradation and extraction of pectin, and optimization of simultaneous extraction conditions, the kinetic equations were obtained to realize model validation and optimization parameter. The validations of residual error analysis and F test show that the model can be applied to the kinetic analysis of pectin extraction from pomelo fruit peel. The apparent activation energy of extraction process is 31.34 kJ·mol-1 at temperature of 70~90 ℃. According to the optimization analysis,the pectin extraction yield from pomelo fruit peel is 11.83% of dried peel at the optimized conditions with pH value of 2.0,extraction temperature of 90 ℃, extraction time of 90 min and solid to liquid ration of 1∶40. The optimization condition and the maximum yield from kinetic model are confirmed by the results from orthogonal experiment.
		2013 Vol. 34 (2): 166-170 [Abstract] ( 1694 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1258KB] ( 2302 )

	171	Detection model of unfertilized egg based on improved projection pursuit and fuzzy neural network

		To overcome the complexity and ambiguity of nondestructive detection characteristics for unfertilized eggs based on computer vision technology, an improved projection pursuit method combined with fuzzy neural network was proposed to decide whether the eggs were fertilized. The feature vector of complex shape of egg images was extracted to reduce the dimensionality by quantum projection pursuit technology. An improved quantum genetic algorithm was established to calculate the best projection direction. The nondestructive detection method was realized to diagnose whether the eggs were fertilized based on automatic decision inference rule of fuzzy neural network. The results show that the proposed method can meet actual testing requirements with high speed, good stability and robustness, and the accuracy can reach 99.37%.
		2013 Vol. 34 (2): 171-177 [Abstract] ( 1327 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2239KB] ( 1955 )

	178	A novel double hysteresis current control for active power filter

		To improve harmonic current tracking performance of shunt active power filter (APF) based on double hysteresis current control strategy of voltage space vector, a novel 4level αβ hysteresis comparator was proposed. The control strategy was directly implemented on αβ coordinates. The 4level αβ hysteresis comparators were inputted current error vectors and outputted 4 state values to determine the location region of current error vectors. The differential relationship between reference voltages and reference currents was discretely calculated to determine the location region of reference voltage vectors. The optimum output switching vector at each instant was selected according to state values output of two 4level αβ hysteresis comparators and reference voltage vector. The compensatory current error was limited within the hysteresis width. APF models with constant load and variable load were established and simulated by Matlab/Simulink software. The results show that the proposed strategy can efficiently increase the utilization of DC bus with fast response. The total harmonic distortion of power grid current drops from 21.65% to 3.11%， and the per phase switching number in one power supply cycle decreases from 342 of the conventional hysteresis control to 230 of the proposed method at steady state.
		2013 Vol. 34 (2): 178-183 [Abstract] ( 1428 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2262KB] ( 2657 )

	184	Decoupling control of bearingless induction motor with least squares support vector machine inverse

		In order to achieve nonlinear dynamic decoupling control of radial suspension force, speed and flux linkage, a decoupling control strategy was proposed based on least squares support vector machine inverse of bearingless induction motor. According to the reversibility analysis of original system, the inverse model of the bearingless induction motor was approximated by the least squares support vector machine and connected with the original system to construct pseudolinear system. The pseudolinear system was equivalent to two independent linear displacement subsystems of rotor speed subsystem and magnetic flux linkage subsystem. To further improve the performance of whole control system, the closedloop controller was designed for the pseudolinear system. Decoupling control performance of the proposed method was simulated by Matlab. The simulation results show that the nonlinear decoupling control of the system is realized successfully with good robustness and dynamic and static performances, and the defects of conventional inverse system method with excessive depending on exact system model are overcome.
		2013 Vol. 34 (2): 184-189 [Abstract] ( 1638 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3310KB] ( 2375 )

	190	DSA cone beam reconstruction algorithm based on backprojection weight FDK

		Abstract: To solve the problem of cone beam artifacts resulting from the large cone angle in cone beam digital subtraction angiography of DSA, a novel backprojection weight reconstruction algorithm based on the frame work of FDK(BPWFDK) was proposed. The cause of the cone beam artifacts away from the rotating track was analyzed. To solve the data deficiency in Randon space, a new backprojection weight function based on distance was designed and incorporated into the original FDK algorithm as a constraint condition for data compensation in the region far away from the rotating track to expand the reconstruction region. The reconstructing experiments were conducted on the images from simulated projections with noise or without noise and the real projections from a selfdevelopment DSA scanner. The results show that the proposed algorithm has obvious superiority over the ParkerFDK algorithm in suppression of cone beam artifacts for large cone angle projections. Compared with the ParkerFDK, the normalized mean square distance criterion and the normalized mean absolute distance criterion of the proposed algorithm are decreased by 5%.
		2013 Vol. 34 (2): 190-195 [Abstract] ( 2032 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2515KB] ( 3646 )

	196	Chinese text categorization based on evolutionary hypernetwork
		王进, 金理雄, 孙开伟
		In order to improve the performance of Chinese text categorization, a Chinese text categorization method was proposed based on evolutionary hypernetwork. A Chinese Lexical Analysis System (ICTCLAS) was employed to take the words with parts of verb, noun and adjective as candidate features. The χ2test method was used to realize feature selection, and the feature weight was calculated by Boolean weighting. The preprocessed data sets were divided into training set and testing set. A hyperedge replacement strategy was used to train hypernetwork classification model for classifying testing sets. The classification performances of the hypernetwork models with different orders were analyzed and compared with traditional KNN and SVM. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can achieve 87.2% and 72.5% of macro precision, 86.9% and 70.5% of macro recall, 87.0% and 71.5% of macro F1 for Fudan University corpus and Sohu corpus, respectively. As an efficient tool for Chinese text classification, the proposed scheme is close to or better than KNN and SVM classification methods.
		2013 Vol. 34 (2): 196-201 [Abstract] ( 1464 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1313KB] ( 2485 )

	202	Iterative timevarying channel estimation for MIMO system

		Abstract: In order to improve the channel estimation performance for MIMO systems in timevarying channels, a signal model fitting the framework of expectation maximization (EM) algorithm was established based on the KarhunenLoeve basis expansion model(KLBEM). The channel response was estimated in iterative fashion by EM algorithm. In the estimation scheme, the EM iterations and the orthogonality of KLBEM basis functions were introduced to improve the estimation performance and reduce the computational complexity, respectively. The simulation results of 2 by 2 MIMO system show that the proposed scheme convergences after 5 iterations and the estimated channel impulse response is nearly consistent with the actual one. The bit error rate (BER) performance by the proposed scheme is near to that of perfect channel knowledge. At high signal to noise ratio region, the difference between them is lower than 1 dB with 2 dB performance enhancement over the least square channel estimator. The proposed scheme has good estimation performance in timevarying channel conditions.
		2013 Vol. 34 (2): 202-205 [Abstract] ( 1207 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1300KB] ( 2575 )

	206	Experiment of laser texturing process and mechanical properties of textures

		To investigate the influences of laser parameters and supplementary process parameters on the texture profiles, and determine the mechanical properties of the textured points, the system matching experiments of laser pulse parameters were conducted. Three textures with crater shape, sombrero shape and Wtype donut shape were obtained by different parameter combinations. The effects of type, pressure and angle of aid gas and laser pulse frequency on the textured topography dimensions of the sombrero shape were discussed. The microstructure and the hardness of crater shape textured topography were also investigated. The results show that the shape and the dimension of textured topography can be controlled by laser parameters and supplementary process parameters.Oxygen is not favorable for the formation of sombrero shape topography, while nitrogen is not favorable for the formation of crater shape topography. The microstructure of the textured points is acicular martensite. Compared with matrix material, the hardness of textured points has been increased 3 times.
		2013 Vol. 34 (2): 206-211 [Abstract] ( 1640 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2931KB] ( 2212 )

	212	Adsorption behavior and mechanism of Ce(Ⅲ) on yeast／silica composite

		Yeast/silica composites were prepared by solgel method to investigate the adsorption behavior of cerium ions (Ce(III)) in aqueous solution. Based on static adsorption experiments, the effects of pH value, adsorption time, initial concentration, temperature and coexisting ions on the adsorption behavior were investigated. The adsorption process was analyzed by kinetic and isotherm models. The adsorption mechanism　was investigated by Fourier transmission infrared spectra and transmission electron microscope. The results show that the optimum pH value is 5.5. The adsorption capacity is increased with the increasing of initial concentration and temperature, and the adsorption reaches equilibrium after 120 min. The coexisting ions have slight effect on the adsorption of Ce(III). Pseudosecondorder kinetic model fits the kinetic data well. Langmuir adsorption isotherm model can well describe the adsorption process, indicating monolayer molecular adsorption. At 298 K, the maximal adsorption capacity is 36.1 mg·g-1.
		2013 Vol. 34 (2): 212-216 [Abstract] ( 1320 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2289KB] ( 2411 )

	217	Preparation and performance of selfhealing epoxy resin composite with healing agent modified by melt reaction

		Poly(bisphenol Acoepichlorohydrin) glycidyl endcapped(BPAcoECH GEC) was modified by melt reaction with 3phenylpropionic acid to prepare selfhealing epoxy resin composite. The results show that epoxy end groups can be reacted with 3phenylpropionic acid. The healing efficiency is markedly improved by the increasing of healing agent content. The healing efficiency reaches 34.5％ with 10％ healing agent at 120 ℃ for 6 h. The enhancement of healing efficiency from 3 h to 6 h is obviously more than that from 6 h to 9 h for every sample with different healing agent content. The molecular motion of healing agent molecular chain reaches new equilibrium for the healing time of 6 h. The healing efficiency is increased by increasing healing temperature. The whole healing agent molecular chains motion at healing temperature range of 120 to 130 ℃.Multitime rehealing efficiency is decreased with the increasing of healing time. The healing effect of samples without healing agent is due to the resolidification of epoxy resin. The downtrend of multitime rehealing efficiency is markedly decreased by adding healing agent.
		2013 Vol. 34 (2): 217-221 [Abstract] ( 1611 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1358KB] ( 1997 )

	222	BODDO simulation and parameter analysis of Songhua River watershed

		In order to accurately simulate, predict and evaluate the water environmental system of the Songhua River, O′Connor water quality model was used to establish BODDO response relation of the Songhua River. A huge mass of data were obtained by water mass tracing to realize model parameter identification, sensitivity analysis and model validation. The results show that by water mass tracing, the oxygen consumption coefficient, the reaeration coefficient and the total attenuation coefficient of the Songhua River are reasonable and can meet the requirements of water quality simulation. The temperature parameters of BODDO model of the Songhua River were corrected by the correction equations. The sensitivity analysis of model parameters show that the atmospheric reaeration coefficient of Ka and NBOD oxygen consumption coefficient of Kn are main influence factors on the prediction results with less influence of CBOD oxygen consumption coefficient of Kd, while NBOD total attenuation rate of Km and CBOD total attenuation rate of Kr have the slightest influence. The BODDO model and the corresponding parameters are improved by the measure results of Jiamusi section of the Songhua River to give research basis for further simulation of water environmental system.
		2013 Vol. 34 (2): 222-227 [Abstract] ( 1647 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1222KB] ( 2737 )

	228	Gas／particle distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coke plant atmosphere

		Gas and particlephase samples of ambient air in four typical coke plants were analyzed for EPAs 16 prioritycontrolled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GCMS). The total PAHs concentration ranges from 3.739 6 to 18.161 0 μg·m-3 with feature pollutant of benzo(a)pyrene from 0.008 9 to 0.099 8 μg·m-3. The concentration of PAHs decreases with the increase of coke oven height. The mean concentrations of naphthalene and phenanthrene are higher than those of other PAHs, while benzo(ghi)perylene is the lowest in the gasphase PAHs for four coke plants. The concentration of benzo(b)fluoranthene is the highest with the lowest anthracene concentration in particlephase. The concentration of gasphase PAHs is higher than that of particlephase PAHs, and the fraction of gasphase PAHs is 87.2％ of the total ones. Coke plants should take action to control the emissions of naphthalene and phenanthrene. There is a perfect correlation between gas／particle partition coefficients and subcooled liquid vapor pressure of PAHs with R2 of 0.95 and mr of -0.52. Absorption is the main mechanism of gas／particle partitioning for PAHs in the atmosphere of coke plant.
		2013 Vol. 34 (2): 228-233 [Abstract] ( 1758 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1411KB] ( 2452 )

	234	Differential evolution algorithm of reliability optimization for truss structure

		To solve the uncertainties for structural engineering design and reliability analysis and avoid undermining engineering decisions, the structual optimization design was conducted with the consideration of the uncertainties of materials, geometric size and loading. Taking the uncertainties as random variables, a reliability optimization design of truss structure was proposed by differential evolution (DE) algorithm to solve uncertain problems. The node coordinates and the crosssectional areas of truss were introduced as design variables. The objective of the structural weight was considered to formulate a mathematical model of the shape optimization problem under reliabilitybased constraints. The typical truss shape optimization problems were conducted, and the influences of reliability index and variance factors on optimum results were also investigated. The results of the numerical example indicate that the proposed method can full play the advantage of the differential evolution algorithm, and can be applied for reliability based truss structure shape optimization design effectively.
		2013 Vol. 34 (2): 234-238 [Abstract] ( 1443 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1310KB] ( 2468 )

	239	Numerical analysis on standing stability of wind turbine installation vessel

		To gain accurate calculation about standing stability of wind turbine installation vessel, two different constraint models of pipe legs, the conventional hinge model and the pile and soil interaction model, were established. With the two models, numerical analysis was conducted to investigate the standing stability of wind turbine installation vessel based on static, modal and transient dynamics analyses.The comparison results of two models show that the static analysis of the pile and soil interaction model is greatly different with that of the hinge model, while the two model maximum stresses are far below the yield strength of pile leg.The two natural frequencies of pile leg vary slightly, and the maximum bending moment occurs at the end of pile legs without occurrence near the water surface. The maximum displacement of legs under variable load is greater than that under static load. The pile leg of wind turbine installation vessel has good stability, and higher accuracy can be achieved by the pile and soil interaction mode to analyze stability.
		2013 Vol. 34 (2): 239-243 [Abstract] ( 1757 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1593KB] ( 2953 )

	244	Genus of complement of zerodivisor graph for residue class modulo n

		The genus of complement of zerodivisor graph for residue class modulo n was investigated. According to the prime numbers of n, the genus formulae of complete graph and complete bipartite graph, lower bound of genus graphs and some embedding technique, the genus of complement of zerodivisor graph of residue class modulo n was proved not more than 5 if and only if n equalled to 6,8,10,12,14,15,16,18,20,21,22,27,33,35,55,77,p2. The p meant prime. The classification was completely realized when the genera of complement of zerodivisor graph for residue class modulo n were 0,1,2,3,4,5, respectively.
		2013 Vol. 34 (2): 244-248 [Abstract] ( 1470 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1280KB] ( 2521 )

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