Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion)

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Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion)

	2021 Vol.42 Issue.1 Published 2021-01-10

	1	Active collision avoidance algorithm of autonomous vehicle based on pedestrian trajectory prediction
	Active collision avoidance algorithm of autonomous vehicle based on pedestrian trajectory prediction[J]. Journal of JIangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion), 2021,42(1): 1-8>')" href="#">	YUAN Chaochun, SONG Jinhang, HE Youguo, JIE Shen, CHEN Long, WENG Shuofeng
		The traditional trajectory prediction algorithm based on the actual position cannot dig the pedestrian intention information deeply, which leads to some defects of pedestrian trajectory prediction and active collision avoidance algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, the pedestrian image and location information were acquired based on vehiclemounted sensors, and the motion features of pedestrian were identified based on convolutional neural network. The Kalman filter algorithm was used to obtain the predicted value of state estimation, and the predicted trajectory conforming to the pedestrian subjective intention was output. The safe distance models of different pedestrian paths were established based on the intersection characteristics of people and vehicles, and the active collision avoidance algorithm for pedestrian was designed based on the road pedestrian trajectory prediction. The experimental results show that the trajectory prediction algorithm based on motion feature analysis can predict the trajectory changes of pedestrian in advance and effectively guarantee the safety of pedestrians. The proposed trajectory characteristic classification can describe the intersection of pedestrian and vehicles under mixed environment. The active collision avoidance algorithm not only improves the safety of pedestrian and autonomous vehicles, but also ensures the smoothness of braking deceleration process and traffic flow.
		2021 Vol. 42 (1): 1-8 [Abstract] ( 23 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2675KB] ( 682 )

	9	New control strategy of motor for pure electric vehicle based on TLGI technology
	New control strategy of motor for pure electric vehicle based on TLGI technology[J]. Journal of JIangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion), 2021,42(1): 9-14>')" href="#">	WU Dirui，TIAN Shaopeng
		To solve the problem of torque ripple in traditional direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for pure electric vehicle at low motor speed, a new control strategy of space vector pulse width modulation（SVPWM） was proposed based on twolevel generalized inverter (TLGI) technology. The principle and implementation process of applying SVPWM technology based on TLGI to PMSM motor were discussed. The switch state function table of SVPWM was derived, and the voltage amplitude and voltage vector partition of SVPWM were investigated. Based on the new SVPWM control method, a pure electric vehicle motor was modeled and simulated by Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results of the motor control system show that the proposed method can effectively expand the SVPWM linear modulation region and shorten the system regulation time. Compared with the hysteresis control method in traditional direct torque control, the proposed control method has more advantages.
		2021 Vol. 42 (1): 9-14 [Abstract] ( 30 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4134KB] ( 474 )

	15	Sequential diagnosis method for bearing fault of inwheel motor based on CDI and AHNs
	Sequential diagnosis method for bearing fault of inwheel motor based on CDI and AHNs[J]. Journal of JIangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion), 2021,42(1): 15-21>')" href="#">	JIANG Hong， ZHOU Yu， XUE Hongtao， LI Zhongxing
		To realize the monitoring and safety evaluation of inwheel motor bearing operating state for electric vehicle, a sequential diagnosis method for mechanical failure of inwheel motors was proposed based on compound distinguish index (CDI) and artificial hydrocarbon networks (AHNs). Considering the effects of vehicle speed conditions on the vibration signal of inwheel motor state, the multiple highsensitivity symptom parameters were extracted in the timefrequency domain based on CDI to characterize the operating state of inwheel motor for improving the timeliness of diagnosis, and a bearing fault sequential diagnosis model of inwheel motor was constructed based on AHNs to identify the operating state of inwheel motor. The proposed method was verified by the experiments of the inwheel motor test bench. The results show that the diagnostic accuracy rate of this method is as high as 98.46% with good robustness, and the method can effectively diagnose the bearing fault of inwheel motor.
		2021 Vol. 42 (1): 15-21 [Abstract] ( 23 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 12770KB] ( 395 )

	22	Optimization design of power system for twoaxle drive hybrid electric vehicle
	Optimization design of power system for twoaxle drive hybrid electric vehicle[J]. Journal of JIangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion), 2021,42(1): 22-27>')" href="#">	ZHENG Chenfei, YAO Xiaoshan, CAO Xiaoyu, HUANG Zhen, YAN Yan
		With a traditional fuel vehicle as research platform, the structure of the twoaxle drive hybrid power system was determined. The vehicle control strategy was selected based on the logic threshold, and the all work modes and the torque distribution of vehicle were investigated. The model of the vehicle control strategy was established by Matlab/Simulink. To minimize the fuel consumption per hundred kilometers of engine and the power consumption per hundred kilometers of drive motor, the improved nondominated sorting genetic algorith( NSGAⅡ) was proposed to optimize the structural parameters and control strategy parameters of the rear axle of vehicle by the optimization software of Isight. The vehicle simulation model was established by AVL Cruise and Matlab/Simulink, and the economic and dynamic proferties of vehicle were simulated. The optimization results show that the overall vehicle dynamic performance is basically consistent with that before optimization, and the overall energy consumption of vehicle is reduced by 5.4%.
		2021 Vol. 42 (1): 22-27 [Abstract] ( 36 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6547KB] ( 429 )

	28	Air distribution in PEMFC stack based on pressurevelocity coupling algorithm
	Air distribution in PEMFC stack based on pressurevelocity coupling algorithm[J]. Journal of JIangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion), 2021,42(1): 28-32>')" href="#">	ZHAO Yan, LUO Maji, CHEN Ben
		Using the simplified fuel cell flow field and pressurevelocity coupling algorithm, the air distributions of Utype and Ztype fuel cell stack were investigated， and the effects of manifold width and fuel cell number on the air distribution were analyzed. The results show that the fluid distributions of Ztype is better than that of Utype because of the different outlet pressure distribution of the Ztype and the Utype. The uniformity of air distribution is greatly improved when the size of manifold is increase. The effect of increasing the manifold size is not obvious and can increase the cost when the air distribution difference is small. When the number of fuel cells is increased without changing the manifold size, the uniformity of the air distribution become worse, especially for the Utype. The air distribution is uniform when the number of fuel cells is 30 with the manifold width of 20 mm. The width of manifold should be increased to 30 mm for obtaining uniform air distribution when the number of fuel cells is 50.
		2021 Vol. 42 (1): 28-32 [Abstract] ( 35 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1598KB] ( 424 )

	33	Analysis of concentration polarization and discharge characteristics of lithium ion battery
	Analysis of concentration polarization and discharge characteristics of lithium ion battery[J]. Journal of JIangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion), 2021,42(1): 33-39>')" href="#">	LIU Liang, DAI Wei, WANG Limei, WANG Kangkang
		To investigate the concentration polarization of lithiumion battery and the influence factors, the typical NCM/C lithiumion battery was tested to obtain the key performance parameters. The electrochemical model was established by COMSOL, and the model was verified by tests. Based on the model, the solid and liquid phase concentration polarization characteristics during discharge and the main factors affecting battery discharge performance were studied. The results show that the effect of changing the particle size of negative electrode on the negative solidphase concentration polarization is more obvious during the discharge process, and the change of the solidphase concentration is about 136.05% of that caused by the positive electrode in the same ratio range. Changing the thickness of the positive electrode is more likely to aggravate the concentration polarization of liquid phase, and the change of the liquidphase concentration is about 199.01% of that caused by the negative electrode in the same amount range. The thickness of positive electrode has significant effect on voltage platform and battery capacity, and the particle size of the negative electrode affects the voltage platform and has almost no effect on the capacity. Comparing the two factors, the positive electrode thickness is the key factor for affecting the concentration polarization and discharge performance of battery.
		2021 Vol. 42 (1): 33-39 [Abstract] ( 38 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3184KB] ( 697 )

	40	Holetohole injection rate simulation and validation of a twolayered 8hole diesel injector
	Holetohole injection rate simulation and validation of a twolayered 8hole diesel injector[J]. Journal of JIangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion), 2021,42(1): 40-46>')" href="#">	JIN Tianyu， JIANG Su， WANG Chuqiao, LUO Tong, LUO Fuqiang
		A threedimensional (3D) gasliquid two phases model was simulated and validated with injection rate measured from each nozzle hole for a doublelayered 8hole diesel injection nozzle. The validation experiment was conducted in an experimental test rig based on the customized spray momentum flux. The experiment equipment was designed to test and analyze the injection characteristics of fuel injection rates and cycle fuel injection quantities for all holes at the same time under the same operation conditions. The simulation and experimental results show that the results can be divided into two groups by the curves to indicate the difference between upper and lower holes. The comparison yields only 5% relative error between the two group results. The cycle fuel injection quantities and injection rates of the lower layered nozzle holes (1,3,5,7) are 4%~8% higher than those of the upper layered nozzle holes (2,4,6,8)， and the injection rate time histories from simulation and experiment follows almost the same trend overall.
		2021 Vol. 42 (1): 40-46 [Abstract] ( 39 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2927KB] ( 571 )

	47	Numerical analysis of temperature characteristics in diesel particulate filter under transient conditions
	Numerical analysis of temperature characteristics in diesel particulate filter under transient conditions[J]. Journal of JIangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion), 2021,42(1): 47-55>')" href="#">	LI Xiaohua, CHENG Jingfeng, QIU Tao, YUE Guangzhao
		During the use of diesel particulate filter（DPF）, the thermal shock of the exhaust can make a large temperature gradient, resulting in thermal stress damage. To avoid the thermal damage of DPF， the DPF temperature transfer model was established， and the effects of flow rate, cell per square inch(CPSI), filter length and soot deposition on the temperature characteristics were investigated. The results show that the flow rate has obvious effect on the temperature characteristics of DPF.When the flow rate is increased from 173 kg·h-1 to 1 072 kg·h-1, the axial temperature gradient is decreased by 56.2%. When the CPSI is increased from 100 to 300, the delay time is reduced by 38.36%. When the length of the filter is increased from 270 mm to 630 mm, the axial temperature gradient extreme value is reduced from 1 465.89 K·m-1 to 734.78 K·m-1. When the soot deposition contents are 0, 1.0, 2.2, 4.0 and 8.0 g·L-1, the axial temperature gradient extreme values are 1 465.88, 1 478.62, 1 493.24, 1 521.16 and 1 621.21 K·m-1，respectively. The increase of soot loading can lead to an exponential increase in the extreme value of temperature gradient, which aggravates the local temperature accumulation and enhances the risk of thermal stress damage.
		2021 Vol. 42 (1): 47-55 [Abstract] ( 32 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2370KB] ( 586 )

	56	Numerical simulation of binary diesel droplet collision process
		JIN Haojie， WEI Mingrui
		To investigate the physical process of diesel droplet collision during engine spraying, the models of two diesel droplet collision with the same size were established based on the volume of method (VOF), and the calculation model was verified using existing experiment data. The numerical simulations of droplet centering and the eccentric collision processes were carried out, and the WeB diagrams of three collision results and their regional distributions were obtained. The energy conversion mechanism occurred during the collision was discussed. The results show that the critical We number for the convergence and separation of centroid collision is 17.3, and the critical We number for the separation and fragmentation is 92.0. Compared with the centroid collision, the rotational motion during the eccentric collision causes the critical Weber number of aggregation and separation to follow the collision. The change of parameter B shows a trend of increasing with latter decreasing.
		2021 Vol. 42 (1): 56-61 [Abstract] ( 26 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3771KB] ( 455 )

	62	Impact factors of elder pedestrian anomie crossing behavior at signalized intersection
	Impact factors of elder pedestrian anomie crossing behavior at signalized intersection[J]. Journal of JIangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion), 2021,42(1): 62-66>')" href="#">	ZHANG Huiling, GE Peng, PANG Xianxian
		To decrease the anomie crossing behavior of the elder pedestrian, the impact factors and degrees of elder pedestrian anomie crossing were investigated in detail. Through analyzing the behavior character of the elder pedestrian and considering the content of the theory of planned behavior(TPB), the questionnaire for the elder pedestrian anomie crossing behavior were designed. The sample data were got through the interrupt interview with the elder pedestrian. Using the collected data, the relationship between the latent variable and the anomie crossing intention and behavior was analyzed based on the structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that if the risk is known more clearly, the elder pedestrian would more prefer to take standardization cross behavior. The impact of perceived behavior control to the cross behavior is over that of the behavior intention. If the elder pedestrian can totally understand the traffic rule and agree the opinon of obeying the traffic rules of the families and friends, the anomie crossing behavior would be less proble to appear.
		2021 Vol. 42 (1): 62-66 [Abstract] ( 32 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1329KB] ( 394 )

	67	Energy management of hybrid off road vehicles based on demand power prediction
	Energy management of hybrid off road vehicles based on demand power prediction[J]. Journal of JIangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion), 2021,42(1): 67-76>')" href="#">	FU Xiang, TIE Xin, LIU Huikang
		To optimize the multiple power source dynamic response and fuel economy of hybrid off road vehicles, the demand power was taken as key research parameter, and the adaptive Markov chain prediction algorithm was designed to realize realtime prediction of demand power. Based on the control strategy of equivalent fuel consumption minimization, the variable area equivalent consumption minimization strategy with consideration of realtime demand power change was proposed to realize the optimization of energy management strategy. The Cruise and Simulink software were used to build the joint simulation platform for energy management of hybrid off road vehicles, and the energy management strategy simulation validation in typical off road driving cycle was carried out. The simulation results show that the designed adaptive demand power prediction algorithm by Markov chain can improve the vehicle dynamics by 6.5%. Compared with the composite rule strategy, the variable area equivalent fuel consumption minimum control strategy can increase the vehicle fuel economy by 10.5%.
		2021 Vol. 42 (1): 67-76 [Abstract] ( 32 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4872KB] ( 415 )

	77	Lane change area setting of urban road vehicle based on routing selection
		YUAN Zhilu， ZHANG Yikun， JIA Hongfei, HE Biao
		To reduce the delay caused by random lane change, the vehicle change area setting was proposed based on routing selection. By setting up fixed lane change area in urban road section and formulating vehicle variable speed limit strategy, the problem was transformed into vehicle static path planning according to routing selection. The influence of the lane change area setting on the operation of urban road vehicles was designed and analyzed by VISSIM simulation software. The data were summarized and fitted by MATLAB, and the optimal length of lane change area were obtained for different speed, flow rate and steering ratio. The comparison experiment with and without control strategy was carried out. The results show that in the 565 m simulation road section, by setting up lane changing areas and formulating path guidance strategies, the number of vehicle lane changing is reduced by 106 times, and the average travel speed of vehicle is increased by 12.13% with reduced average travel time by 10.80%. The delay caused by random lane changing is reduced, and the operation efficiency of regional road network is effectively improved.
		2021 Vol. 42 (1): 77-84 [Abstract] ( 28 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1958KB] ( 530 )

	85	Application of extended zero moment point in vehicle pitch control evaluation and active control
	Application of extended zero moment point in vehicle pitch control evaluation and active control[J]. Journal of JIangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion), 2021,42(1): 85-91>')" href="#">	PAN Gongyu， DING Cong， WANG Wanqing， LI Along
		To improve the vehicle pitch characteristics, the index of vehicle pitch motion and the suspension control were investigated. Taking a certain model of SUV as an example, to solve the problem of existing pitch characteristics without suitable evaluation index, the concept of extended zero moment point was introduced into the vehicle pitch evaluation system with considering the influence of road slope on pitch characteristics, and the vehicle pitch model was adopted. The derivation of the position of zero moment point was extended to obtain the pitch evaluation index of XEZMP, which was used to evaluate the effect of pitch control. A complete vehicle dynamics model was established in Adams/Car, and an active suspension PID controller was designed with XEZMP as control target. The joint simulation was used to verify the control effect. The results show that compared with passive suspension, the active suspension significantly suppresses the changes in vehicle pitch angle, vehicle pitch angle speed and XEZMP, which improves the vehicle pitch characteristics. The pitch evaluation index of XEZMP can reasonably evaluate vehicle pitch characteristics.
		2021 Vol. 42 (1): 85-91 [Abstract] ( 36 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2596KB] ( 668 )

	92	Spark plug defect detection system based on discharge detection and machine vision technology
	Spark plug defect detection system based on discharge detection and machine vision technology[J]. Journal of JIangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion), 2021,42(1): 92-97>')" href="#">	LIU Chuncheng， XU Lin， ZHANG Kun
		To reduce the errors caused by traditional human visual inspection and improve the efficiency of spark plug defect detection, a spark plug defect detection system was designed based on discharge detection technology and machine vision technology. The spark plug defect detection system was composed of industrial computer, NI DAQ data acquisition card, IGBT driver board, IGBT module, ignition coil, voltage dividing module and industrial camera. Pulse width modulation technology and electromagnetic induction principle were used to apply high voltage to spark plug. The location information of spark discharged by spark plug under high voltage output of the ignition coil was captured to detect the defect in ceramic parts. The experimental results show that the high voltage output of the spark plug defect detection system is safe and measurable, and the detection accuracy is as high as 95%, which meets the actual application requirements of spark plug defect detection.
		2021 Vol. 42 (1): 92-97 [Abstract] ( 28 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4252KB] ( 453 )

	98	Formation mechanism of benzene in partially premixed ethylene flame
	Formation mechanism of benzene in partially premixed ethylene flame[J]. Journal of JIangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion), 2021,42(1): 98-104>')" href="#">	WANG Wei, XU Lei, ZHOU Mengxiang, WANG Yu
		To investigate the concentrations of benzene and related components and verify the mechanism of gas phase chemical reaction mechanism, the partially premixed ethylene flame under atmospheric pressure was selected as research object, and Chemkin software was used to simulate the opposed flame. Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC/MS) system was applied to conduct the qualitative and quantitative analyses of target components. By the numerical simulation and experiment, the effects of oxidant on the concentrations of major gas phase precursors of permanent gas components and C1-C6 hydrocarbons were analyzed, and the formation pathways of benzene in ethylene flame were also discussed. The results show that adding a small amount of oxygen into the flame can promote the formation of benzene. The addition of oxygen promotes the interaction of C2 and C4 hydrocarbon compounds and the selfaddition reaction of C3H3, which results in significant increase of benzene.
		2021 Vol. 42 (1): 98-104 [Abstract] ( 34 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4642KB] ( 565 )

	105	Water surface flame reflection filtering method based on convolutional neural network
	Water surface flame reflection filtering method based on convolutional neural network[J]. Journal of JIangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion), 2021,42(1): 105-110>')" href="#">	XU Xiaoqiang, ZHANG Ruiqi, MAO Yan, CHEN Xu
		The characteristics of flame reflection areas on water surface are similar to those of flame, which are easy to be identified as flame areas during dividing flame areas in water surface flame detection.Especially when the flame brightness is high, the YCbCr space flame recognition model may misjudge areas with high flame brightness as nonflame areas. To solve the problems, a water surface flame recognition method was proposed.The convolutional neural network was used to determine the picture with or without flames. Combined with the YCbCr space model, the flame area was segmented according to the difference between the reflection and refraction of flame in the water and the brightness of flame area after reflection and refraction on the water surface. The test results show that the proposed water surface flame recognition method can determine the image with or without flame images and can effectively filter flame reflections and other areas to extract the flame area more accurately. The problem of YCbCr space model during recognizing the flame area can be solved when the flame brightness is high.
		2021 Vol. 42 (1): 105-110 [Abstract] ( 37 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6520KB] ( 500 )

	111	Analytical solution for negative frictional force of pile foundations in dredging site with consideration of selfweight consolidation
	Analytical solution for negative frictional force of pile foundations in dredging site with consideration of selfweight consolidation[J]. Journal of JIangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion), 2021,42(1): 111-117>')" href="#">	YANG Yiqing, LI Chuanxun
		Due to the bad characteristics of dredger fill soil with high compressibility and low permeability, the pile foundation in dredging site has obvious specificity, which leads to the negative skin friction between soils and piles. To solve the problem, the onedimensional consolidation model of doublelayered ground was adopted to calculate the consolidation deformation in the dredger fill and underlying soil layer. The bilinear function was used to simulate the interaction between piles and soils. The interaction model between piles and soils was established, and the analytical solutions of neutral point position, axial force and frictional force were obtained for different depth and time. By comparing the calculation results with the measured data, the solutions were proved to be practicable. Based on the analytical solution, the effects on frictional force, axial force and neutral point position were analyzed. The solutions of neutral point position and pull down load were compared with the calculation results from JGJ 94—2008 of technical code for building pile foundation. The results show that the pile foundation code of JGJ 94—2008 overestimates the influence of negative frictional force on the capacity of pile foundation, because the effects of pile load and soil consolidation before the pile driving are ignored.
		2021 Vol. 42 (1): 111-117 [Abstract] ( 31 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1617KB] ( 429 )

	118	Direct numerical simulation of triple flame with different mixture concentration gradient
	Direct numerical simulation of triple flame with different mixture concentration gradient[J]. Journal of JIangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion), 2021,42(1): 118-124>')" href="#">	XU Xinyu, WANG Ping, YU Qian, ZENG Haixiang
		The direct numerical simulation（DNS）calculation of triple flame was carried out with detailed mechanism. Six cases with inlet width of 5，10，15，20，25 and 30 mm were respectively calculated under the condition that the range of equivalent ratio of mixture stayed the same. The results show that with the increasing of width，the mixture concentration gradient is decreased, and the thickness of triple flame is gradually increased with enhanced premixed flame branches. At the same time, the —OH mass fraction between triple point and premixed branches is gradually increased, while the —OH mass fraction at the branch of diffusion flame is gradually decreased. Since the range of the equivalent ratio of the inlet mixture remains unchanged, the premixed flame thickness hardly changes with the width. The flame velocity of the triple point has the maximum value in the mixture concentration gradient range from 0.051 1 to 0.295 0 mm-1.
		2021 Vol. 42 (1): 118-124 [Abstract] ( 42 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3669KB] ( 374 )

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