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Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion)
 
2020 Vol.41 Issue.4
Published 2020-07-10

373 Summarization on bonding behaviors of ultra-high performance concrete and normal concrete
ZHOU Jianting1,2, ZHOU Lu3, YANG Jun1,2, WANG Zongshan1
The mechanical properties and durability of the bonding interface between ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) and normal concrete (NC) were compared and analyzed, and the research results in three aspects of influential factors, mechanical properties and durability of UHPC-NC bonding interface were also reviewed. The effects of fiber-reinforced mechanism, restrained shrinkage mechanism and freeze-thaw damage mechanism on the mechanical properties of UHPC-NC interface were investigated, and the bonding interface mechanical testing and durability testing method and test results were classified and discussed. The research results of UHPC-NC interface failure mode and mechanical properties were described, and the outlook of reinforcing deteriorative NC bridges by UHPC was also forecasted. The results show that UHPC fiber and interface treatment have significant effects on the interface bonding performance. The mechanical properties and the durability of the UHPC-NC bonding interface are significantly better than those of the NC-NC interface, and the durability of UHPC-NC bonding interface is the most superior.
2020 Vol. 41 (4): 373-381 [Abstract] ( 67 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1854KB] ( 621 )
382 Building age estimation and seismic damage prediction based on remote sensing image and point density
ZHU Zhizhong1, LU Jiyun2, LI Min2, ZHAO Yu1
The geographic information system (GIS) database of old urban areas often lack the information of building age, which makes it difficult for seismic damage prediction. In order to obtain the building age in short time, the old urban area (about 2.5 km2) of Jiaxing city in Zhejiang province was investigated. High-resolution remote sensing image was utilized to obtain the regions consisting of similar houses through visual interpretation. The region point density was defined to estimate the building age. Based on the statistical relationship between building age and point density, a method was proposed to estimate the approximate age of buildings by point density. The seismic damage index was calculated to assess the seismic damage with the considerations of attributes including structure, floor, fortification and age, and the result of seismic damage prediction was illustrated three-dimensionally. The results show that there is inversely linear correlation between region point density and building age with R2 of 0.793 2, and the building age can be rapidly estimated by calculating the point density of region.
2020 Vol. 41 (4): 382-386 [Abstract] ( 52 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 10229KB] ( 342 )
387 Fracture characteristics of compacted red clay based on image processing
ZHANG Hong1,2, HE Lingling1
Through the laboratory test, the development law of dry shrinkage cracks of compacted red clay in Inner Mongolia was investigated under different drying temperatures. The variation of water content during the cracking of red clay was discussed. By image processing technology, the compacted red clay was quantitatively analyzed based on the fracture network geometry characteristics of average fracture width, total fracture length, fracture rate and fractal dimension. The results show that the water content of the sample has similar trend with the change of drying time at different drying temperatures. In the initial drying stage, the sample loses water quickly and shows linear trend. With the continuation of drying time, the evaporation rate of water gradually slows down and eventually stabilizes. Temperature has significant effect on the development of shrinkage cracks. With the increasing of temperature, the required time is decreased for the fracture development to reach stable state,and the values of fractal dimension and geometric eigenvalue are increased. However, the situation is on the contrary for low temperature. The fractal dimension is exponentially related to fracture length, average fracture width and fracture rate.
2020 Vol. 41 (4): 387-391 [Abstract] ( 75 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2533KB] ( 414 )
392 AC-20 gradation optimization based on triaxial test
JIANG Yingjun, TAN Yunpeng, LIN Hongwei
To improve the high temperature stability of asphalt mixture, the three-axis numerical test method of asphalt mixture was constructed by partical flow code in 3 dimensions (PFC3D), and the reliability was evaluated by indoor triaxial test. The effects of coarse aggregate grading, fine aggregate grading and coarse aggregate ratio on the shear strength of asphalt mixture were investigated by numerical triaxial test and laboratory test. The AC-20 mineral gradation was proposed based on the shear strength, and the road performance was verified according to the effects of 19.000, 4.750, 0.075 mm mesh pass rates on AC-20 performance. The results show that the three-axis numerical test of asphalt mixture has good similarity with the indoor test. When the volume ratio of coarse aggregates of 19.000~26.500,16.000~19.000,13.200 ~16.000,9.500~13.200 and 4.750~9.500 mm is 4 ∶12 ∶4 ∶10 ∶15, and the fine aggregate takes the corresponding gradation for I equaling to 0.75 with the volume ratio of coarse aggregate of 60 ∶40, the asphalt mixture has the highest shear strength. The coarse aggregates are recommended to be 19.000, 4.750 and 0.075 mm with the pass rate ranges of 90.0%~100.0%, 35.0%~45.0% and 4.0%~7.0%, respectively, and the AC-20 optimized gradation is proposed based on shear strength. Compared with the standard gradation, the shear strength and the dynamic stability of the optimized AC-20 gradation are increased by 26% and 29%, respectively.
2020 Vol. 41 (4): 392-398 [Abstract] ( 56 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3100KB] ( 468 )
399 Experiment of compact oscillating heat pipe for high-power LED cooling
QU Jian1, YANG Xuegui1, PENG Youquan1, WANG Hai1, SUN Qin2
To realize the efficiently thermal management of high-power LED, the compact oscillating heat pipe (OHP) was fabricated with sintered copper particles inside flat-plate evaporator. Ethanol was used as working fluid with volumetric filling ratios ranging from 30% to 50%, and the effects of inclination and filling ratios on the temperature and the illumination intensity of LED chips were discussed experimentally. The results show that the OHP with flat-plate evaporator has the best start-up performance at the filling ratio of 30%, and the start-up time is decreased with the increasing of input power. The temperature distributions of LED chips at different inclination angles are almost coincident with good uniformity when the designed OHP is charged with low filling ratios. The influence of inclination angle on the operation and performance of OHP is gradually increased when the filling ratio is increased to 50%. Due to the negative correlation between temperature and illumination of LED chips, the OHP with low filling ratios can achieve high-power LED operation with high luminous efficiency at lower temperature.
2020 Vol. 41 (4): 399-404 [Abstract] ( 41 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3887KB] ( 445 )
405 Bubble behavior and flow boiling characteristics in microchannels with Ω-grooves
WANG Yinghui, ZHANG Liang
To investigate the flow boiling in Ω-grooved microchannels, the volume of fluid(VOF)model and the user-defined functions were used to numerically simulate a series of bubble behavior in the microchannels. Combined with the dynamic evolution process of bubble nucleation, coalescence and detachment in the Ω-grooved microchannels, the characteristics of flow boiling heat transfer were analyzed. The results show that compared with the straight microchannels, the bubble evolution behavior in Ω-grooved microchannels appears quite different. Besides higher frequency of bubble detachment, the temperature of liquid in the main stream is lower, and there exists thin liquid film between bubbles and heated wall. These features can improve the stability and reliability of flow boiling heat transfer in microchannels to a certain extent. The groove structures with different groove depth H and cavity diameter D have effects on the heat transfer enhancement. The Ω-grooved microchannel with H of 50 μm and D of 80 μm shows the highest heat transfer coefficient, while the lowest heat transfer coefficient emerges in the Ω-grooved microchannel with H of 30 μm and D of 50 μm. The diameter of Ω-groove has significant effect on the pressure drop in the microchannels, and the larger diameter corresponds to higher pressure loss.
2020 Vol. 41 (4): 405-410 [Abstract] ( 58 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3404KB] ( 420 )
411 Evaluation and analysis of automotive ethernet delay based on surround view system
ZHANG Yu1, GAO Yajie1, XUE Yanfang2, HUANG Chen3, HONG Jun3
Based on the theory of AVB protocol,  a test bench with 360° surround view of BMW G38 was established with RAD_Galaxy as core.A series of message data were collected by Vehicle Spy, and the message structure and interaction process were analyzed by Wireshark to obtain the key information of received messages. The automotive ethernet delay was evaluated and analyzed by processing and calculating the timestamp. The results show that the theoretical delay value can be analyzed based on the successful capturing and cracking of the message data of the surround view system and the AVB protocol. The time delay analysis method for the captured messages on the test bench is applicable to the time delay analysis of all ethernet messages.
2020 Vol. 41 (4): 411-418 [Abstract] ( 60 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 7663KB] ( 549 )
419 Car lane changing trajectory model based on hyperbolic tangent function
PAN Binghong1,2, WANG Ye1
The Simi-Motion software was used to extract the left lane changing (LLC) and right lane changing (RLC) trajectory data in freeway off-ramp areas from the video of unmanned aerial car (UAV). A new car lane changing trajectory model was established based on the hyperbolic tangent function. The proposed model was compared with the traditional spline curve function, fifth-order polynomial and sinusoidal function trajectory model. The characteristics and the applicability of the new model were proved by sensitivity analysis of model parameters, goodness of fit test and CarSim simulation analysis. The results show that compared with the traditional lane change trajectory model, the new model has higher fitting precision, and each parameter in the model can has actual physical meaning. The parameter of τ in the model can characterize the urgency of the driver's lane changing behavior in freeway off-ramp areas. The new parameter makes the new model more universal and applicable. With the feature, the model can generate car lane changing trajectories for specific driving environments, and it can also contribute to the study of road geometry design and the development and application of driver assistance systems (ADAS).
2020 Vol. 41 (4): 419-425 [Abstract] ( 45 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2601KB] ( 467 )
426 Precise scheduling of Beidou agricultural machinery based on combination of genetic algorithm and WiFi clustering algorithm
WANG Tao1,2, LIU Fei1,2, GAO Yujia1,2, HU Nan1,2, ZHANG Youhua1,2
To achieve efficient dispatching of agricultural machinery in China during the farming season and ensure the successful completion of farming operations, the precise scheduling of Beidou agricultural machinery was designed based on the combination of genetic algorithm and WiFi clustering algorithm. In the designed scheme,the soil moisture data was firstly collected according to the internet of things technology to predict in advance whether the field needed agricultural machinery. By Beidou satellite navigation, the job field and the agricultural machinery were located to obtain the position information, and the GIS technology was used to calculate the trajectory. Through the genetic algorithm, the iterative deduction of agricultural machinery and farmland in a region was simulated to screen out the optimal agricultural machinery scheduling. According to the schedule , the farmer's operation needs  were accurately and quickly solved. Under the no-signal environment, the agricultural machinery was positioned by the WiFi clustering algorithm to master the situation of agricultural machinery.The results show that the scheme is simple, easy to use, efficient, convenient and adaptable. It can help the local agricultural machinery stations to accurately dispatch agricultural machinery and improve the informationization and modernization level of Chinese agriculture to accelerate the process of agricultural modernization.
2020 Vol. 41 (4): 426-433 [Abstract] ( 54 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6057KB] ( 434 )
434 Effect of single-stage aging treatment on microstructure of 6082 aluminum alloy profile
WANG Hongming1, YANG Guanglin1, LI Guirong1, PAN Yaming2
To optimize the aging treatment parameters and explore the strengthening and toughing mechanism of aging treatment, the effects of single-stage aging treatment on the microstructure evolution of 6082 extruded aluminum alloy profiles were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results show that the aging treatment can effectively reduce the residual stress stored during the extrusion deformation process. The crystalline grain grows slightly with average size increased from 7.02 μm to 9.80 μm. The average crystalline grain boundary angle is decreased from 25.51° to 16.06°, and the low angle grain boundary ratio is markedly increased from 47.91% to 67.47%. The aging treatment can significantly change the grain distribution in the {100} and {110} directions of the crystalline grain, which remarkably enhances the texture of the sample in the {100} and {110} directions. These changes are conducive to the improvement of the performance of 6082 aluminum alloy extruded profiles.
2020 Vol. 41 (4): 434-439 [Abstract] ( 54 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4416KB] ( 9725 )
440 Preparation of fluorescent carbon quantum dots and application for Cu2+ detection
LIANG Guoxi1, PAN Changgang1, LU Qing1, LI Caiqi1, WANG Li2
To detect copper ions (Cu2+) sensitively, the red fluorescent carbon quantum dots were rapidly synthesized with chloroform and diethylamine as precursors by the mild one-pot synthesis method, and the morphology, structure, composition and optical properties of the carbon quantum dots were characterized. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching of carbon quantum dots by copper ions was investigated by the coordination of copper ions with EDTA. To better explore the influence of conditions on Cu2+ extinct carbon quantum dots fluorescence, the pH, ionic strength, response time were respectively optimized. The results show that the carbon quantum dots have good water solubility and uniform particle size, and the fluorescence intensity can be quenched by copper ions obviously. Fluorescence signal can accurately detect Cu2+ with wide linear range from 0.01 to 150.00 μmol·L-1 and low detection limit of 3.4 nmol·L-1. Under the optimal experiment conditions, the actual sample spike recovery rate is from 90% to 110%, which indicates that the method can be used for actual water sample detection.
2020 Vol. 41 (4): 440-445 [Abstract] ( 65 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2544KB] ( 599 )
446 Heterogeneous Fenton degradation of p-nitrophenol by iron complexing carboxyl-modified carbon nanotube
TANG Qian1,2, GAO Hang2, LI Binglun2, YANG Chunwei1,2, GAO Yonghui3
To solve the problem of catalyst deactivation by iron ion complexing with the intermediates from Fenton degradation of phenol compounds, the synthetic method of heterogeneous Fenton catalysts with carboxyl complexation was proposed. The structure and the composition of the iron complexing carboxyl-modified carbon nanotube (CNT-COOFe) were characterized by FTIR, XRD and XPS. The CNT-COOFe was deposited on PTFE filter membrane by vacuum suction method to form catalyst layer. The catalytic performance and regeneration were studied in the heterogeneous Fenton system with p-nitrophenol as model pollutant. The results show that the conversion rate of H2O2 is decreased with the extension of reaction time, and the conversion rates at 2 and 30 min are respective 90.23% and 19.54% when 30 mg·L-1 H2O2 with initial pH value of 5.0 is  flowed through the membrane layer of 30 mg CNT-COOFe. The existence of hydroxyl free radicals is confirmed as the main reactive radical by capturing experiment with coumarin.The p-nitrophenol with initial concentration of 10 mg·L-1 is degraded rapidly in the heterogeneous Fenton system, and the removal rates of p-nitrophenol and TOC at 2 min are near 100% and 80%, respectively. The catalytic activity of CNT-COOFe can be regenerated by electroreduction at the cathode potential of -1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, and the TOC removal rate of the system can still reach about 80%.
2020 Vol. 41 (4): 446-451 [Abstract] ( 55 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3502KB] ( 555 )
452 Experiment on speed and atomization performance of air rotary cage nozzle
QU Rongjia, RU Yu, LU Feng, LIU Yangyang, ZHOU Hongping
To make the droplet particle size of rotary cage nozzle better fit the work requirements for improving the characteristics of droplet deposition and improving the prevention and control efficiency, the effects of rotary speed and atomization performance (droplet particle size distribution) on the working performance were investigated. The rotary speed measurement test system was established in the high-speed wind tunnel, and the rotary speed data of blade type rotary cage nozzle under different wind speeds, blade installation angles and blade lengths were measured to analyze the influence law of various factors on rotary speed. The droplet size test system was established, and the droplet sizes of the two electric rotary cage nozzles of CYD-1 and CYD-2 were measured under different rotary speeds and spray flows. The SPSS software was used to analyze the effects of rotary speed, spray flow and rotary cage diameter on the droplet size of rotary cage nozzle, and the regression model was established based on the experimental results. The results show that the rotary speed of nozzle is increased with the increasing of wind speed, decreased with the increasing of blade angle and increased with the increasing of blade length. The rotary speeds of two blade type rotary cage nozzles are distributed from 100 to 11 000 r·min-1. The decreasing influence sequence of three factors on the droplet size of rotary cage nozzle is rotary speed, spray flow and rotary cage diameter. The multiple linear regression equations are obtained to compare the fitting curves with actual data, and the feasibility of multiple linear regression model for droplet size of rotary cage nozzle is verified.
2020 Vol. 41 (4): 452-458 [Abstract] ( 51 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3702KB] ( 523 )
459 High temperature performance of warm mixed asphalt based on multi-stress creep recovery test
LEI Junan1, ZHENG Nanxiang1, XU Xinquan2, WU Chuanhai2,LYU Dawei3, LYU Mingmin3
Evotherm3G and EC120 warm agents were added into the matrix and SBS modified asphalt to prepare warm mixed asphalt. The multi-stress creep recovery test was used to evaluate the high temperature performance of warm mixed asphalt before and after short-term aging. The results show that the effects of two warm agents on the high temperature performance of asphalt are obviously different. By adding Evotherm3G warm agent,the strain of asphalt is increased, and the creep recovery rate of asphalt is decreased with improved non-recoverable creep compliance of asphalt. By adding EC120 warm agent,the strain of asphalt is decreased, and the creep recovery rate of asphalt is improved with decreased non-recoverable creep compliance of asphalt. Adding EC120 warm agent can improve the high temperature performance of asphalt better than adding Evotherm3G warm agent, while both warm agents can improve the stress sensitivity of asphalt with different degrees. The short-term aging improves the high temperature performance of matrix asphalt, but weakens the high temperature performance of modified asphalt.
2020 Vol. 41 (4): 459-465 [Abstract] ( 65 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3438KB] ( 454 )
466 Component-based model of all-welded joint in progressive collapse analysis of steel frames
XIE Fuzhe, ZHOU Guangjie, GU Bin, LEI Liheng
To accurately reflect the real state of all-welded joints in the collapse process of steel frame structures, the mechanism and analysis model of the all-welded joints were investigated under large structural deformation condition. Based on the accurate simulation of the experiment for all-welded joint, the mechanism and the deformation characteristics of all-welded joint in elastic-plastic stage were investigated, and the traditional component-based model of all-welded joint was improved. The static and dynamic nonlinear analyses of steel frame substructures with shell element model, improved component-based model of joint and ideal rigid model of joint were respectively carried out, and the influence of joint model on the progressive collapse resistance of steel frames was investigated. The results show that the shear deformation of the panel zone accounts for the main part of the all-welded joint deformation in elastic-plastic stage. The axial tension of beam not only weakens the strength of joint, but also reduces the ductility. The elastic-plastic behavior of all-welded joint during the progressive collapse of steel frames can be accurately simulated by the improved joint component-based model in the static and dynamic analyses.
2020 Vol. 41 (4): 466-472 [Abstract] ( 52 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2839KB] ( 394 )
473 Experiment on high temperature rheology and fracture toughness of carbon nanotubes modified asphalt and mixture
CAO Ruiming, CHEN Xiaobing, CHEN Xianhua
The indoor tests were used to investigate the effects of carbon nanotubes on the rheological properties of high temperature bitumen and the fracture toughness of mixture by comparing base asphalt with SBS modified asphalt, and the mechanism was explained by differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that carbon nanotubes can significantly improve the anti-shear and high-temperature anti-rut properties of asphalt and improve the construction temperature of asphalt mixture. When the content of carbon nanotubes is more than 2.0%, the rutting factor does not increase obviously. When the temperature reaches above 177 ℃, bitumen is very easy to aging. Hence the maximum content of carbon nanotubes is 2.0%. The addition of carbon nanotubes decreases the endothermic peak at 150 ℃, which can improve the thermal stability of asphalt greatly. Compared with the matrix asphalt and SBS modified asphalt, the addition of carbon nanotubes can physically adsorb and reinforce the asphalt and greatly improve the fracture toughness of asphalt mixture.
2020 Vol. 41 (4): 473-477 [Abstract] ( 48 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2408KB] ( 387 )
478 Direct shear creep tests on recycled asphalt pavement material with consideration of compaction temperature effect
YIN Jie, WANG Xingguang, HU Mingming, TANG Yong
To investigate the creep behavior of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP)as backfill material at different construction temperatures,with considerations of viscosity and temperature sensitivity of asphalt, the direct shear and direct shear creep tests on RAP specimens were conducted at 0℃ and 50℃.The direct shear test results show that at given compaction temperature, the shear strength is increased with increasing of vertical stress, and the shear strain corresponding to the maximum shear stress is increasesd.The shear strength is increased with the increasing of compaction temperature. The direct shear creep tests results show that at given shear stress ratio, the time to creep rupture is increased with the increasing of compaction temperature. Under the same compaction temperature, the time to creep rupture is increased with the increasing of vertical stress. The critical shear stress ratio is increased linearly with the increasing of compaction temperature. The modified creep model is proposed with considering the effect of compaction temperature by revealing the quantitative variation law for each parameter of the empirical three-parameter creep model. The construction of RAP as backfills is recommended in the summer to achieve high compaction temperature and increase the critical stress ratio for improving creep resistance.
2020 Vol. 41 (4): 478-483 [Abstract] ( 56 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2080KB] ( 410 )
484 Analysis on subgrade equivalent resilient modulus under soaking condition
QI Kongqing, TANG Junyao, HUANG Xiaoming
The pavement response under FWD load was simulated by ABAQUS when the water level of typical pavement structure changed. The subgrade equivalent resilient modulus was calculated by the methods of iterative inversion and weighted algorithm. The results show that the uplift of the water has obvious influence on the bottom tensile strain of asphalt layer and the pressure strain of the top surface of subgrade, and the trend of the change is similar to the exponential growth. When the water level is low (-6~0 m), the pressure strain of the top surface of subgrade changes more obviously, and the increase is 30.8%. While when the water level rises to the near saturation of subgrade (5~6 m), the bottom tensile strain of the asphalt layer changes more obviously with the increase amplitude of 39.3%. The subgrade equivalent resilient modulus determined by both methods of iterative inversion and weighted algorithm has strong correlation with subgrade moisture, and the subgrade modulus presents obviously linear decreasing trend with the rising of water level.
2020 Vol. 41 (4): 484-490 [Abstract] ( 52 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3381KB] ( 507 )
491 Adhesion analysis of asphalt mixed with hydrated lime based on surface energy
HAN Sen, LI Wei, LIU Mengmei, LIU Yamin, MA Yingxin
To analysis the effect of hydrated lime on improving the adhesion work between asphalt and acid stone, six kinds of asphalt of SK90#, Zhonghai90#, Kelian90#, SK70#, Zhonghai70# and Kelian70# were selected. Based on the surface energy theory, the adhesion work between asphalt and granite was evaluated before and after mixed with hydrated lime under dry and humid conditions. The laboratory boiled test was used to validate the adhesion work. The results show that the total surface energy parameters of the six kinds of asphalt are decreased by 7.6%~10.3% after the hydrated lime is mixed, while the values and proportions of the polar components of surface energy are increased by the adhesion of asphalt and granite. The adhesion work values are increased significantly, and the ability to resist water damage is enhanced. The adhesion work results of asphalt and granite are significantly correlated with the results of water boiling tests, and the effect of hydrated lime for improving the adhesion of matrix asphalt and acid stone is quantified.
2020 Vol. 41 (4): 491-496 [Abstract] ( 42 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1612KB] ( 449 )
江苏大学学报(自然科学版)
 

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