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Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion)
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Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Eidtion)
 
2019 Vol.40 Issue.2
Published 2019-03-10

Article
Article
125 Effects of premixed nbutanol on combustion of diesel direct injection engine
TIAN Wei, CHU Yun-Lu, WU Xue-Shun, HE Wen-Xiao, HAN Zhi-Qiang
Based on a dual fuel engine, the effects of premixed nbutanol/air mixture concentrations on nbutanol/diesel compound combustion process and emission characteristics were investigated for the injection timing at top dead center. The results show that the selfignition happens in premixed nbutanol/air mixture before the diesel injection timing when the cylinder temperature reaches between 1 150 K and 1 200 K, and the start of selfignition keeps constant for different load and injection quantity of nbutanol. As the injection quantity of nbutanol is increased, the combustion duration is greatly shortened with increased heat release rate. When the break mean effective pressure pB is less than or equal to 0.50 MPa, the soot and NOx emissions are lightly reduced simultaneously with the increasing of nbutanol injection quantity, while the HC and CO emissions are linearly increased. When pB is greater than 0.78 MPa, the soot emission is greatly reduced with the increasing of nbutanol injection quantity,while the NOx, CO and HC emissions are maintained equal to that of pure diesel mode.
2019 Vol. 40 (2): 125-131 [Abstract] ( 234 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2747KB] ( 697 )
132 Spray characteristics of UWS for SCR system in diesel engine
WANG Jun, DONG Yan, ZHAO Chuang, CAI Yi-Xi, ZHAO Chen
Establishing the urea water solution (UWS) spray atomization model for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) aftertreatment system in diesel engine, the physical processes of UWS droplets of turbulence disturbance, distortion, breakup, collisionmerging and wallimpingement bounce in exhaust pipe were investigated comprehensively. The effects of nozzle injection pressure, nozzle injection angle of α, spray cone angle of β, nozzle offset angle of θ and diametertolength ratio of exhaust pipe on the decomposition of UWS droplets were analyzed. The results show that when the injection pressure is too small, the UWS spray tends to be liquid column or large droplets with poor spray atomization ability of UWS, and the NH3 average volume fraction is increased linearly with the increasing of injection pressure. The value of α has significant effect on UWS decomposition, and the NH3 average volume fraction is increased with the increasing of α. The value of β has significant effect on NH3 uniformity coefficient, and the distribution of NH3 tends to be uniform with the increasing of β.With the increasing of θ, the average volume fraction of NH3 is increased, while the uniformity coefficient is decreased sharply. With the increasing of exhaust pipe diameter, the average volume fraction of NH3 is first decreased with latter  gradually gentle decreasing.
2019 Vol. 40 (2): 132-138 [Abstract] ( 596 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2959KB] ( 865 )
139 Analysis on load startup characteristics of axial piston motor with dualdriving
DENG Hai-Shun, WANG Hai-Feng, WANG Qing-Chun, HE Shi-Ju, WANG Chuan-Li
 To investigate the startup characteristics of axial piston motor with dualdriving, the working principle of axial piston motor with dualdriving was introduced. The formulas for calculating driving torque and various resistance moments at startup were theoretically analyzed and derived, and the simulation model of axial piston motor with dualdriving was established. The startup characteristics of noload, fixed load and delayed startup were analyzed. The results show that for the startup under noload, the torque amplitude of axial piston motor with dualdriving is much smaller than that of ordinary axial piston motor, and it spends shorter time to be stable with better starting stability. For the startup under fixed load, the torque fluctuation is increased with the increasing of load value, and the amplitude of torque is more obvious at smooth running time. The torque peak of axial piston motor with dualdriving is much lower than that of ordinary axial piston motor for the startup under fixed load, and the torque ripple is lower. For the delayed startup, the axial piston motor with dualdriving responds faster to load change, and the torque ripple is the same as that under fixed load.
2019 Vol. 40 (2): 139-144 [Abstract] ( 414 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2985KB] ( 774 )
145 Hydrodynamic characteristics of cylindrical spiral grooves modeling for pump annular seals
CHEN Hui-Long, WU Yuan-Zheng, SUN Dong-Dong, CHEN Miao-Miao, ZHANG Pei-Lin
The dynamic properties of pump annular seals can be improved by modeling on the cylindrical sealing surface. To improve the stiffness characteristics, a new spiral grooves modeled on the cylindrical surface of annular seals was proposed. Considering cavitation the CFD method was used to simulate the internal flow of annular seals, and the small annular eccentricity was ensured by the moving mesh technology. The influence of spiral grooves on the flow characteristics was studied and comparatively analyzed with that of smooth annular seals. The results show that the spiral grooves can generate dynamic pressure effect and pumping effect. The low and the high pressure zones appear at the sharp corners of stair and dam side respectively. With eccentricity, the spiral grooves can enhance stiffness and reset force with reduced offset angle, which indicates that the spiral grooves is helpful to acquire better rotor concentricity. The spiral grooves can also obviously reduce the leakage and slightly increase the frictional torque. The spiral grooves is beneficial to improve the hydrodynamic characteristics of annular seals and the performance of rotor concentricity, which can also reduce the friction and wear.
2019 Vol. 40 (2): 145-151 [Abstract] ( 275 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1223KB] ( 728 )
152 Optimization of multitemperature codistribution vehicle path based on congestion situation
XU Mei, CHEN Huai-Li
In the actual distribution process, to solve the problem of traffic congestion by traffic accidents, peak hours of commuting and traffic restrictions,and to ensure the results of multitemperature codistribution path optimization more consistent with actual situation, the multitemperature codistribution optimization model of traffic congestion was proposed based on traffic congestion. Compared to the traditional multitemperature coproperty path optimization model, the proposed model was more consistent with the actual transportation situation. To solve the path optimization problem with NPhard problem, a random adaptive genetic algorithm was used to achieve the optimal distribution path with the shortest path and the lowest total cost for the total optimization cost. The results show that comparing with genetic algorithm and solving with Cplex, the results are closed,and the proposed algorithm is faster, which is more suitable for largescale solution. The results of example analysis illuminate that compared with the path optimization without considering the congestion situation, the transportation cost of the path optimization with considering congestion situation is decreased by 16.74%.
2019 Vol. 40 (2): 152-158 [Abstract] ( 272 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1568KB] ( 725 )
159 Design and experiment of hammer claw pickup and smash device
SUN Yong-Li, ZHOU Fu-Jun, WANG Kun-Bo, WEI Yuan
 To solve the problems of high pickup loss rate, large amount of soil and large straw size in the straw bales operation of traditional pickup device, a hammertype picking and smashing device was designed with picking, crushing and filtering functions. Through the theoretical analysis, the relevant parameters of device were designed, and the main factors on operation effect and value range were obtained. The modal analysis of device was conducted by AnsysWorkbench to determine the stability of device operation. To investigate the performance of pickup and smash device, pickup roller speed, height of feed inlet from ground and working speed were considered as experimental factors, and pickup loss rate and thesmash length pass rate were used as experimental indexes. The orthogonal test L9 (34) was conducted to obtain the test factors affecting the performance of pickup and smash device work. The verification test was carried out with the optimal level combination. The results show that the decreasing sequence of various affecting factors is pickup roller speed, ground height and working speed. Under the optimal conditions with pickup roller speed of 2 200 r·min-1, ground height of 175 mm and working speed of 4 km·h-1, the pickup loss rate is 0.34% with smash length pass rate of 98.10%.
2019 Vol. 40 (2): 159-166 [Abstract] ( 263 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2178KB] ( 884 )
167 Analytical element for compressive bar considering flexural displacement
XU Jing, TANG Li-Feng, WANG Hong-Zhi, CAO Qiong-Qiong, JIANG Xiu-Gen
The element for compressive bar was constructed to deal with the stability problems by analytical shape function. Considering the second order effect, the equilibrium differential governing equation of compressive bar was established, and the corresponding displacement shape functions were derived and expressed by node displacement. The potential energy functional expression for compressive bar element was developed by potential energy principle and analytical shape function. Considering the effect of flexural displacement, the elastic and geometrical stiffness matrices were proposed through the variation of total potential energy. To verify the precision of the proposed element, the numerical comparisons were conducted among the interpolation shape function method, the direct stiffness method and the analytical shape function method. The results show that the proposed element has high calculation precision and efficiency.
2019 Vol. 40 (2): 167-171 [Abstract] ( 220 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1298KB] ( 757 )
172
Experiment on movable rice and wheat straw briquetting machine with vertical ring die
CHEN Shu-Ren, TANG Ming-Ming, DING Suo-Nian, YAO Yong
 To complete the straw briquetting operation in the field, a movable straw briquetting machine driven by 75 kW wheeled tractor was designed. The production tests were performed on the movable rice and wheat straw briquetting machine with rice straw as raw material. According to the experimental results, the effect rules of craft parameters on the straw briquetting of briquetting machine were analyzed to obtain optimal parameter combination. A central composite rotatable orthogonal experiment design of response surface methodology was employed to find the optimum technical parameters.Straw compact density and productivity were selected as  responses,  and  feed roll speed,  impeller shaft speed and mainshaft speed were used as input variables with four levels respectively. Variance analysis and response surface analysis were applied to analyze the test results by DesignExpert 8.0.6. The mathematical model was established to analyze the effect of three factors on test indexes.The results show that the effecting decreasing sequence on straw compact density is mainshaft speed ,impeller shaft speed  and feed roll speed,while the effecting decreasing sequence on productivity is feed roll speed , mainshaft speed and impeller shaft speed. When the feed roll speed is 125.84 r·min-1 with impeller shaft speed of 776.05 r·min-1 and mainshaft speed of 169.16 r·min-1 ,the straw compact density mean is 1.153 g·cm-3 with the productivity of 1 135.87 kg·h-1,which can meet the requirements of straw briquetting.
2019 Vol. 40 (2): 172-178 [Abstract] ( 339 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2978KB] ( 728 )
179 Development of fine particulate matter electrical agglomeration technology
YI Cheng-Wu, CUI Miao, QIN Xie-Xun, LI Jue
The phenomenon of excessive concentration of particulate dust exists in many cities in China. Inhalable dust has great harm to the environment and human body,so it is imperative to control the dust pollution. However, it is difficult to be directly caught by precipitator because of the small particle size. Agglomeration is a simple and easy way to accumulate the dust particles by the action of electric field and to coagulate and increase the effective diameter to facilitate trapping. The agglomeration of homopolar and heteropole charged particles in alternating electric field,the coulomb agglomeration of heteropole charged particles and the agglomeration of heteropole charged particles in directcurrent electric field are introduced. Several new electric agglomeration structures are introduced,and the main development tendency is proposed, which provides theoretical and technical support for the industrial application of electric agglomeration technology.
2019 Vol. 40 (2): 179-183 [Abstract] ( 240 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1624KB] ( 809 )
184 Discovery method of food safety incidents based on momentum model
CAI Ying, YU Yue-Cheng, GU Yu, YAN Chang-Chun
As a hot topic, food safety has attracted a lot of attention from the public, and microblog has become the main media platform to expose food safety incidents. Microblog corpus was used as data source with microblog content and user social network behavior characteristics, and the food safety incident discovery method was proposed based on the momentum model. To describe the food safety incident from microblog information flow, the event discovery model was used to detect the candidate feature words related to food safety. The momentum model was established to realize the momentum modeling of candidate feature words and filter the duplicate feature words effectively. The effective feature words were classified and merged by Kmeans clustering, and the goal of discovering food safety incidents was achieved. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively discover the food safety incidents spreading in microblog and filter out irrelevant topics in microblog.
2019 Vol. 40 (2): 184-189 [Abstract] ( 210 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1573KB] ( 570 )
190 Crop disease detection based on deep learning
WEI Chao, FAN Zi-Zhu, ZHANG Hong, WANG Song
To solve the problems in traditional artificial crop disease prevention and reduction in large scale agriculture production, the deep learning algorithm was used to detect and recognize crop diseases. The 47 637 images were detected for disease identification with 10 species of tomatoes, potatoes and corn, 27 diseases and total 61 classes. Six currently popular deep network structures of Vgg16, ResNetV1101, InceptionV4, etc. were applied to perform the feature extraction. The loss function with cross entropy and regularization was adopted to conduct back propagation. The data set was divided according to four different cases, and the initialization and the transfer learning were used in the training procedure. Six network structures with different learning rates were compared in the experiment. The results show that the highest recognition rate of all 61 classes is 84.6% by the initialization learning while the highest rate is 86.1% by the transfer learning and appropriate learning rate. For three statuses of diseases, the recognition rate is 87.4%. For 28 diseases, the recognition rate is 98.2%, and the recognition rate of the 10 types of diseases is 99.3%.
2019 Vol. 40 (2): 190-196 [Abstract] ( 693 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3803KB] ( 1301 )
197 Comparison of cow face detection algorithms based on deep network model
YAO Li-Yao, XIONG Hao, ZHONG Yi-Jian, LIU Cai-Xing, LIU Han-Xing, GAO Yue-Fang
To solve the problems of currently traditional detection methods for cow face detection with poor detection effect and easy damage of detection equipment, according to the principles of big data and diversity, the mobile phones and cameras were used to build the dataset with more than 10 000 cows under different conditions of appearance variation, occlusion and illumination change. Using the dataset, the object detection methods based on deep network models of SSD, Faster RCNN and RFCN were improved and compared on the detection performance. The results show that the improved Faster RCNN can achieve the detection accuracy of 0.990 with detection speed of 11 F·s-1. The detection speed of the improved SSD is 47 F·s-1, and the detection accuracy is 0.945, which is slightly lower than that of Faster RCNN.
2019 Vol. 40 (2): 197-202 [Abstract] ( 411 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2680KB] ( 760 )
203 Realtime monitoring and prewarning system for grain storehouse pests based on deep learning
LUO Qiang, HUANG Rui-Lan, ZHU Yi
To solve the problems of low efficiency and inaccurate detection results of traditional grain storage monitoring, a realtime monitoring and prewarning system (RMPS) was proposed based on deep learning. The largescale samples of several pests of sitophilus oryzae linne, cryptolestes ferrugineus and tribolium castaneum in grain depot were collected, and the samples were learned and trained by the CNN to construct a neural network model. The internal image information of grain store was collected by the new collector in real time to detect the pest species and probability. The monitoring results were published to mobile phone in the form of web. A small simulated granary with RMPS was built under laboratory conditions. The simulation results show that the RMPS can change the monitoring mode from the traditional fixedpoint timing monitoring to the realtime monitoring with improved pest detection accuracy rate over 90%. The specially designed collector and the mobile client can make the deployment of RMPS more simple and convenient, which achieves high practicability and scalability.
2019 Vol. 40 (2): 203-208 [Abstract] ( 366 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2345KB] ( 977 )
209 Prediction of grain yield based on BP neural network optimized by hybrid swarm intelligence algorithm
ZHUANG Xing, HAN Fei
 To solve the problem of feedforward neural network for predicting grain yield with easy falling into local optimum, an improved BP neural network model was proposed based on particle swarm optimization and artificial bee colony algorithm. According to the different advantages of particle swarm optimization algorithm and artificial bee colony algorithm in global search ability, the weight and the threshold of BP neural network were further optimized to improve the accuracy and robustness of grain yield prediction model. The specific implementation of artificial bee particle swarm optimization(ABPSO) algorithm was given based on particle swarm and artificial bee colony. The eight factors on Chinese grain yield and the yields from 1979 to 2012 were selected as data sets. The results show that the trend of grain yield in China in recent years can be better predicted by the improved BP neural network. Compared with unimproved BP model, the average prediction error of the new algorithm is decreased from 847 780 t to 240 320 t, and the error range is decreased from 1 894 200 t to 586 800 t.
2019 Vol. 40 (2): 209-215 [Abstract] ( 229 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1518KB] ( 802 )
216 Preparation and performance of a novel hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent modified by methoy and amine groups
WENG Ming-Qiang, WANG Min-Ling, LIU Dun-Shun, LONG Yu-Xin, WU Ji-Ye, YUAN Xin-Hua
A novel hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent modified by methoy and amine (HPAMMA) was successfully prepared. The static adsorption behaviors of aniline and benzene onto HPAMMA in aqueous solution were investigated, and the effects of bifunctional groups on adsorption behavior were discussed. The results show that the adsorption capacity of aniline is significantly bigger than that of benzene under the same conditions. The adsorption of aniline is pushed by physical and chemical interactions, while the adsorption of benzene is mainly pushed by physical interaction. Comparing the adsorption capacity, the resin modified by bifunctional groups is bigger than that modified by one functional group with the assistance of hydrogen bonding. Langmuir models can well illuminate the adsorption of aniline, while the adsorption isotherms of aniline and benzene onto HPAMMA are both conformed to Freundlich models. The correlation coefficients are all over 0.98, and the indexes of n in Freundlich regression equations are all over 1, which means that the adsorptions of aniline and benzene are favorable adsorption. With the increasing of initial adsorbate concentration, the adsorption selectivity is decreased with latter constant value, and it is deceased with the increasing of temperature.
2019 Vol. 40 (2): 216-220 [Abstract] ( 237 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1824KB] ( 592 )
221 Transesterification and microwave coupling properties of rapeseed oil catalyzed by solid acid
ZHANG Yu, JIN Guang-Yuan, SONG Rui, NIE Guo-Yu
Methanol and rapeseed oil were used as raw materials to prepare biodiesel under the action of solid acid catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature, alcoholoil ratio, catalyst dosage and microwave frequency on dielectric properties of mixtures were investigated, and the coupling ability of chemical reaction system with microwave was also analyzed. The test results show that under the single factor reaction condition, the dielectric properties of mixture are decreased with the increasing of reaction time. Increasing the reaction temperature and the amount of the catalyst can advance the time for the dielectric constant and loss factor of mixture to stable value, and increasing the molar ratio of alcohol to oil has the opposite effect. The more the molar ratio of alcohol to oil is, the bigger the dielectric loss tangent of mixture is, and the stronger the coupling ability with microwave is. When the microwave frequency is 2 450 MHz, the coupling ability of mixture with microwave is stronger than that of 915 MHz.
2019 Vol. 40 (2): 221-225 [Abstract] ( 531 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2015KB] ( 643 )
226 Micromorphology and properties of PES/MBMIF51 composites
CHAI Ming-Zhuo, CHEN Yu-Fei, GENG Cheng-Bao, GUO Hong-Yuan, CUI Wei-Wei
PES/MBMIF51 composites were prepared by insitu polymerization method with 4,4′diamino diphenyl methane bismaleimide(MBMI) and phenolic epoxy resin(F51) as matrix and polyethersulfone(PES) as toughening agent. The micromorphology, the mechanical properties and the heatresisting performance were investigated. The FTIR results reveal that carboncarbon double bond and epoxy group in MBMI are involved in the crosslinking reaction, and the characteristic peaks of unsaturated double bond and epoxy group disappear. The SEM patterns exhibit that the fracture surface of the resin matrix (MBMIF51) is brittle fracture, and the fracture surface is smooth with crack developing at the same direction. With reasonable PES resin content, PES can be uniformly dispersed in the matrix to form stable twophase structure with fuzzy and interpenetrated interface between the twophases, and the section is rough with crack developing irregularly to exhibit ductile fracture. The mechanical performance show that with the increasing of PES content, the bending strength and the impact strength of PES/MBMIF51 composites are increased first with latter decreasing. When the mass fraction of PES is 4%, the maximum bending strength and impact strength are obtained with 142.27 MPa and 18.65 kJ·m-2, which are 36.3% and 63.2% higher than those of MBMIF51 matrix, respectively. The thermogravimetric properties reveal that the appropriate amount of PES can slightly improve the decomposition temperature of PES/MBMIF51 composites.
2019 Vol. 40 (2): 226-230 [Abstract] ( 373 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2241KB] ( 719 )
231 Direct shear creep tests on recycled asphalt pavement material
YIN Jie, TU Gang, WANG Xing-Guang, HU Ming-Ming
The effects of shear stress level and vertical stress on creep characteristics of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) material were investigated by a series of direct shear creep tests. The results show that the yield shear stress level of RAP is about 0.73. The specimens at shear stress level greater than the value are observed creep rupture during the tests, and the time of creep rupture initiation is decreased with the increasing of stress level. On the contrary, the specimens are stable when the stress level is lower than the value. The variation of shear strain rate with time in loglog scale shows a series of decreasing parallel lines and can be well predicted by the threeparameter empirical creep model for soils. The vertical stress has slight influence on three model parameters but has great effect on the time of creep rupture. Under the same shear stress level, the shear strain is increased with time. The specimen with low vertical stress firstly undergoes creep rupture at low shear strain, and the shear strain at the time of failure is increased with the increasing of vertical stress. The shear strain rate under lower vertical stress is decreased faster to the minimum value than those of higher vertical stress.
2019 Vol. 40 (2): 231-236 [Abstract] ( 271 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2256KB] ( 536 )
237 Quantification and statistics of site freezethaw cycles in QinghaiTibet plateau cold region
SI Wei, MA Biao, REN Qian-Long-Zhu, GE Sang-Ze-Ren, LI Ning
The temperature and precipitation meteorological data for near 60 years in six regions along the QinghaiTibet highway were statistically analyzed, and four temperature ranges were proposed to show the environment impacts on pavement performance. The freezethaw intensity classification criterion was proposed based on the temperature influence on asphalt pavement structure, and freeze temperature and thaw temperature were simultaneously considered in the freezethaw intensity classification criterion. The freezethaw intensity was classified as weak freezethaw and strong freezethaw. The site freezethaw cycles in six regions were analyzed, and the statistical characteristics were obtained. The annual field freezethaw cycles in six regions were almost more than 150 times. The results show that the freezethaw cycles in six regions are different, and the freezethaw cycles present seasonal concentration trends. The freezethaw mainly happens in rapid cooling temperature range, fast warming temperature range and continual low temperature range. The influence of freezethaw cycles is the critical environment factor on highway engineering.
2019 Vol. 40 (2): 237-243 [Abstract] ( 264 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3016KB] ( 609 )
244
Asphalt index based on characteristic spectral analysis of infrared spectrum
YANG San-Qiang, YAN Li-Jing, LIU Na, RUN Ming-Tao
It is hot research to evaluate the quality of heavy oil asphalt by infrared spectroscopy. By Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and separation analysis, the 90# A grade asphalt and the SBS modified asphalt were investigated. The results show that the correlation between infrared spectrum analysis technology and conventional asphalt detection method is 99.6%. The 90#A asphalt has 9 obvious feature peaks from 3 000 cm-1 to 650 cm-1, and the SBS modified asphalt has 11 obvious feature peaks from 2 950 cm-1 to 650 cm-1 with corresponding characteristic group for each characteristic peak. The asphalt materials have the same characteristic group with the same technical indicators. By comparing and analyzing the characteristic peaks of asphalt infrared spectroscopy, the asphalt quality can be quickly judged, and the experimental time of testing and evaluating the index of asphalt material can be shortened.
2019 Vol. 40 (2): 244-248 [Abstract] ( 314 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1993KB] ( 956 )
江苏大学学报(自然科学版)
 

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