Abstract In recent years, land transfer has become an important direction of agricultural land system reform. However, the principle of respecting farmers free wills, “abiding by law” and “being voluntary” in land transfer has sometimes been embarrassingly neglected in practice, giving rise to “forced land transfer” in some regions. An investigation of Ping Town in southern Anhui and Long Village in middle Hubei shows that the local governments chief means to mobilize the farmers to transfer their land is by projects, introduction of capital, use of market and even use of violent violence. At the same time, an important strategy for the local governments is to use the legitimacy of the resources to transform the farmers, to lure them with money and even to resort to violence. In the logic of forced land transfer,the change of rural social structure constitutes the social basis of circulation, and the interests of local governments and capital are the main reasons behind the transfer. Therefore, the central government should strengthen voluntary principle in the land transfer so as to check the local governments impulse to escalate the scale, guide capital investment, and bring the land transfer to the right track back of induced institutional change.
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