Abstract Zhenjiang faces the Yangtze River in the north, and joins the Taihu Lake Plain, the southern hinterland, in the south. As it is located in the east of Nanjing, the cocapital of the Ming Dynasty, and in the northwest of Su, Song and Chang prefectures, it is naturally a vantage point whose defense has always drawn special attention. During the reign of Emperor Jiajing, the passive defense and the redundancy of officers and soldiers in the region were highlighted in face of Japanese invasion. In this case, a series of reform were carried in the defense system of the region in line with the local geography and social situation as well as the overall coastal defense strategy and economic and political situations. Such reforms reflect the military defensive strategy of comprehensive defense, multi-layer defense, and vantage point defense as well as the tactics of direct attacking combined with raids, and coexistence of various types of forces, with both standing and temporary armies.
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