生态批评、城市环境与环境批评

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摘要生态批评是劳伦斯.布依尔十余年来的研究重点。程相占提出有两种生态批评：一种可以称为＂生态文学批评＂,它是一种文学理论或文学批评;另外一种可以称为＂生态文化批评＂,它的主要目的是重新考察某种文化传统对于自然的态度、对于环境的文化构建。劳伦斯.布依尔则认为二者的区分并不明确,他从理论上总结了生态批评运动的主要趋势和几种研究方式,指出第二阶段的生态批评日益将其基础放置在＂环境正义（公平）＂的伦理范式上。程相占认为生态批评最初关心的是自然或自然环境问题,但考虑到城市和都市区域是最大的人建环境,＂环境批评＂这个术语包容的对象范围更宽广。劳伦斯.布依尔的主要著作之所以都采用＂环境批评＂术语,原因之一在于他对城市环境的重视,其研究与环境美学有着一致之处。

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关键词 ：生态批评')" href="#">生态批评, 环境批评')" href="#">环境批评, 城市环境 ')" href="#"> 城市环境 , 环境正义')" href="#">环境正义, 环境美学')" href="#"> 环境美学

Abstract：Lawrence Buell has been focusing on eco-criticism during the past decade.Cheng Xiangzhan proposes there are two kinds of eco-criticisms： one may be called ＂Ecological Literary Criticism,＂ a kind of ecocritical literary theory,another may be called ＂Ecological Cultural Criticism,＂ which takes on the task of reexamining a culture＇s attitudes toward nature through examining cultural constructions of environment.Buell does not find so clear-cut a distinction between the two.He discusses the history of the movement of ecocriticism and sums up theoretically several related ways of research for it.He points out that revisionist ecocriticism increasingly bases itself on an ethical paradigm of ＂environmental justice.＂ Cheng thinks that environment is not only natural,but also built.Urban and metropolitan areas are most important built environments.So,the technical term of ＂environmental criticism＂ is more comprehensive than ecocriticism.One of the reasons for Buell＇s works to adopt mainly the technical term of ＂environmental criticism＂ is his awareness of the importance of urban environment.His research is in accordance with today＇s environmental aesthetics.

Key words： ecocriticism')" href="#">ecocriticism environmental criticism')" href="#"> environmental criticism urban environment ')" href="#"> urban environment environmental justice ')" href="#">environmental justice environmental aesthetics')" href="#"> environmental aesthetics

基金资助:

程相占主持的国家社会科学基金一般项目“西方生态美学的理论构建与实践运用”的阶段性成果（08BZW013）

引用本文:

程相占, 劳伦斯·布依尔. 生态批评、城市环境与环境批评[J]. 江苏大学学报（社会科学版）, 2010, 12(5): 12-16. Cheng Xiangzhan,Lawrence Buell. Ecocriticism,Urban Environments and Environmental Criticism. Journal of Jiangsu University（Social Science Editi, 2010, 12(5): 12-16.

链接本文:

http://zzs.ujs.edu.cn/xbskb/CN/ 或 http://zzs.ujs.edu.cn/xbskb/CN/Y2010/V12/I5/12