Abstract：Epicardial mapping provides essential information to better understand the threedimensionality of ventricular tachycardia circuits. Once epicardial access is obtained, mapping techniques such as multipolar mapping, isochronal late activation mapping and changing wavefronts can help determine essential regions for ablation, while limiting the amount of ablation required. However, successful epicardial mapping and ablation requires clear anatomic understanding to maximize success and minimize complications.
Jason S Bradfield. 室速的心外膜标测与消融：优化成功率及减少并发症的技术要点[J]. 实用心电学杂志, 2017, 26(4): 234-246.
Jason S Bradfield. Epicardial mapping and ablation for ventricular tachycardia:techniques to optimize success and minimize complications. JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL ELECTROCARDIOLOGY, 2017, 26(4): 234-246.
2017, Vol. 26 
