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Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engin
 
2023 Vol.41 Issue.4
Published 2023-04-25
1  
 

Guide: 
2023 Vol. 41 (4): 1- [Abstract] ( 10 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 34558KB] ( 382 )
2  
 

Guide: 
2023 Vol. 41 (4): 2- [Abstract] ( 5 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1106KB] ( 221 )
325 Energy loss analysis of single-blade centrifugal pump based on numerical simulation
SHI Weidong,WANG Chuanlong,TAN Linwei*,WANG Jiabin,CHEN Cheng,YE Jincheng
In order to reveal the main reasons for the low efficiency of single-blade centrifugal pumps, this paper conducted a detailed energy loss analysis on single-blade pump based on numerical simulation method, and established the hydraulic loss model of the single-blade centrifugal pump. Based on the SIMPLEC algorithm and the standard k-ε turbulence model, the ANSYS CFX software was used to solve and analyze the 30 N-S equation, the turbulent dissipation loss and wall friction loss of the single-blade centrifugal pump under different flow conditions; and a single-vane centrifugal pump external performance test bench was used to verify and establish the accuracy of the numerical simulation. The turbulence dissipation loss and wall friction loss under different flow conditions, and a single-blade centrifugal pump external performance test bench was built to verify the accuracy of the numerical si-mulation. The results show that the energy loss of a single-blade centrifugal pump was mainly dissipation loss and friction loss, and the dissipation loss in the pump was obviously greater than the friction loss of the blade; the main reason for the low efficiency was the large dissipation loss, which was manifested as single-blade centrifugal pump. There were obvious low-speed zones and flow separation zones in the impeller flow channel of the vane centrifugal pump, and the pressure was distributed asymmetrically on the circumference; for which the dissipation loss and friction loss of the single-blade centrifugal pump from the inlet to the outlet of the blade saw an increase. The dissipated power, which is the percentage of frictional power to the total power and the hydraulic efficiency of the impeller were found to be distributed in a parabola.

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2023 Vol. 41 (4): 325-330 [Abstract] ( 17 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5848KB] ( 302 )
331 Finite element analysis of mixed transport pump in deep-sea mining under complicated conditions
WANG Kai,LU Yilin,LIU Houlin,CHENG Zhiming,GUAN Yu,ZOU Li*,WANG Lei
Fluid-solid coupling and finite element method were used to calculate the strength of the three-stage deep-sea mining mixed-transport pump under complex working conditions such as deployment and mixed transportation. An offshore test of a 500 m mixed transport system in deep-sea mining was carried out. The results show that the calculated head of the pump is 124.30 m under the design flow rate whereby the relative error is 0.27 %; under the launching condition, the maximum deformation of the pump is only 0.365 mm and the maximum stress is 73.971 MPa; under the mixed transport condition, the maximum deformation of the pump is 0.315 mm and the maximum stress is 58.860 MPa; the first three modes of the rotor component only deform along the direction of the pump shaft without distortion, while the latter three modes are S-shaped distortion; the critical speed corresponding to the first-order natural frequency of the rotor parts is 2 476 r/min; during the launching process of the offshore test, the pump was found to be safe and reliable, and mixed-transport time in the pump exceeded 57 hours, which was realized to double during 24 hours continuous trouble-free operations. Meanwhile, volume concentration of the ore particles in the offshore test reached 11.7%.

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2023 Vol. 41 (4): 331-337 [Abstract] ( 11 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4332KB] ( 311 )
338 Influence of axial spacing on hydraulic performance of tubular turbine
YANG Sunsheng,FANG Tian,PUNIT Singh,ZHOU Cheng,ZHAO Erce,WANG Tao
In order to find a reasonable value for the axial distance between the guide vane and the runner in the tubular turbine, as well as obtaining good hydraulic performance while ensuring its compact structure, the numerical calculation of the full flow field was carried out for the microtubular turbine models with axial distance s of 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 mm between the guide vane and the runner to study the influence of axial spacing on the hydraulic performance of a tubular turbine by combining numerical calculation and experiments. The results show that: the water head of the turbine increases with the expansion of the axial distance, and the axial (shaft) power of the hydraulic turbine increases first and then stabilizes with the expansion of the axial distance. Considering various flow conditions, higher efficiency was obtained, and the efficiency of the model reaches the maximum when s=40 mm. Choosing appropriate axial spacing can improve the pressure distribution and flow pattern on the surface of runner blades. Excessive axial spacing will cause negative impact at the inlet of the runner and result in flow separation. The turbulent kinetic energy at the outlet of the runner decreases with the increase of axial spacing. under optimal working conditions, when the axial distance is spacing is expanded from 30 mm to 70 mm, the hydraulic loss inside the runner gradually increases by 15.6%, while the hydraulic loss in the outlet pipe decreases by 19.7%, and the total hydraulic loss shows an increasing trend. Considering comprehensively, s=40 mm was selected as the final scheme.

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2023 Vol. 41 (4): 338-345 [Abstract] ( 10 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 10420KB] ( 242 )
346 Influence of pit diameter on the broadband noise of bionic centrifugal pump
DAI Cui,CAO Jingjian,QIU Junfeng,DONG Liang*,WANG Zhaoxue,CHEN Yiping
A bionic noise reduction method of the centrifugal pump was proposed and tested by means of numerical calculation, in which pits were arranged on the blade surface and the pit parameters were changed in the direction of flow.Based on this, an index formula for broadband noise was proposed. The orthogonal design method was used to optimize the variables to reduce the design dimension, and the uniform design method was used to verify the feasibility of the noise reduction method. Finally, a sample with good noise reduction effect was obtained.The results show that the broadband flow noise of the centrifugal pump is significantly reduced under the condition of almost no influence on the hydraulic characteristics.The simulation results also show that there is no discernible difference between the steady flow images of different samples. The result is help to promote study on the effect of bionic structure on broadband noise of centrifugal pump.

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2023 Vol. 41 (4): 346-353 [Abstract] ( 15 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4434KB] ( 271 )
354 Optimal design and experiment of centrifugal compressor blades based on FFD method
LIU Jisheng,JI Liang,LI Wei*,CHENG Jinxin,FANG Pengcheng
The optimal design of centrifugal compressor blade with multiple working conditions faces the problems of large design space and insufficient flexibility, thus causing redundant blind search and reducing the optimization efficiency. In order to improve the above problems, the FFD-based parameterization method of centrifugal compressor blade with complex surface was proposed, for which a mapping model of local geometric region and mesh control body was established, the influence law of diffe-rent basis functions on blade geometry configuration was explored, and the fine optimization of blade geometry shape was carried out by combining multi-objective evolutionary algorithm and CFD technology. The results show that the optimized flow field structure is further improved, the isentropic efficiency of rated and common conditions is increased by 0.48 % and 0.40 %, respectively, and their surge margins are as well increased by 1.6 % and 1.8 %, respectively, which achieves an efficient and flexible fine design of centrifugal compressor blade with complex curved surface by using less design variables.

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2023 Vol. 41 (4): 354-362 [Abstract] ( 17 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5101KB] ( 307 )
363 Chemical characteristics of shallow groundwater and suitability evaluation in Guyuan
WANG Yujiao,JIA Liangliang*,YANG Zhiguang,LIU Huajie
In order to find out the hydrochemical characteristics and water quality of shallow groundwater in Guyuan, 52 groups of groundwater samples were selected for hydrochemical composition analysis. Using Piper three line diagram, the hydrochemical types of groundwater in the study area were determined. On this basis, different evaluation methods were used to evaluate the current situation of water quality in the study area.The results show that: The chemical types of shallow groundwater in this area were mainly HCO3-Ca. The results of comprehensive evaluation of groundwater quality showed that the chemical composition of 18 groups groundwater were higher in the study area, which was suitable for agricultural and some industrial water, and could be used as drinking water after proper treatment; The chemical components of 16 groups groundwater were high, and the quality of groundwater was evaluated as ⅴ water, which was not suitable for drinking water. In order to improve the utilization efficiency of water resources, the suitability of irrigation water was evaluated. The water quality of 16 groups of shallow groundwater was evaluated as irrigation water. The evaluation result was that the water quality of DX-39 was poor.It was not suitable for irrigation. The research results can provide scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of shallow groundwater resources in this area.This was great significance to ensure the safety of local crops in irrigation.

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2023 Vol. 41 (4): 363-368 [Abstract] ( 8 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 13273KB] ( 254 )
369 Modified 3D finite element model of simplified PVDs as surface or line under vacuum preloading considering smearing effect
ZHU Guangchao,XU Zengguang*,CAO Cheng,CHAI Junrui,GENG Kaiqiang
In order to solve the problems that the traditional vacuum preloading three-dimensional(3D)finite element model(FEM)is difficult to establish and divide the elements, the calculation amount is huge, and the large ratio of width to height of the prefabricated vertical drains(PVDs)affects the calculation accuracy, based on the idea of drainage substructure, two modified 3D FEMs of simplified PVDs as surface or line were proposed and verified. The simplified PVDs single-drain 3D FEMs were extended to multi-drain 3D FEMs, and numerical simulation were carried out in combination with an engineering example, which were compared with the measured data, the two-dimensional(2D)sand wall equivalent method and the traditional 3D FEM. The results show that the modified 3D FEMs of simplified PVDs as surface or line simplify the pore pressure transfer form into a rectangle, which are different from the circular pore pressure transfer form of the traditional vacuum preloading 3D FEM. The simplified PVDs 3D FEMs are closer to the measured data than the 2D sand wall equivalent method, and the calculation accuracy is close to the traditional 3D FEM, which can meet the enginee-ring requirements. The simplified PVDs 3D FEMs with drainage substructure can effectively reduce the difficulty of 3D FEM establishment and division. Simplifying PVDs into drainage surface or drainage line can effectively solve the problem that the unit width to height ratio is too large due to the small size of PVD, and can effectively reduce the number of elements in 3D FEM and improve the calculation efficiency. 〓

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2023 Vol. 41 (4): 369-375 [Abstract] ( 12 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6370KB] ( 249 )
376 Influence of two-fluid turbulence models on the calculation of solid-liquid two-phase flow field
ZHANG Zichao,LI Yanpin,*,CHEN Dexin
In order to study the influence of different two-fluid turbulence models generated by diffe-rent modeling methods to close the governing equations on the results of solid-liquid two-phase flow, three two-fluid turbulence models were used to investigate the numerical calculation of solid-liquid two-phase flow in a circular pipe. Under different particle sizes, different solid concentrations and different flow velocities, the effects of the three two-fluid turbulence models on the solid concentration distribution and solid velocity were studied and compared with the experimental data. The results show that under different working conditions, the calculation results of the solid phase concentration of the three two-fluid turbulence models has large errors near the wall, and are more suitable for calculating the solid-liquid two-phase flow field with high velocity and high solid concentration. The three models can obviously affect the calculation results of solid-liquid two-phase flow field with large particle size particles, but has little effect on small sized particles. The km-εm model can be applied in a wide range of solid concentration and fluid velocity, owing to its a wider applicability. Considering the accuracy of calculating parameters of solid-liquid two-phase flow field, the kl-εl-As model is better when the particle size is greater than 165 μm, and the km-εm model is better when the particle size is less than 165 μm.

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2023 Vol. 41 (4): 376-383 [Abstract] ( 6 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2903KB] ( 322 )
384 Enhancement of evaporation of droplet on substrate by electric field
ZHANG Tianhao,WANG Junfeng*
In order to deeply study the effect of electrostatic field on the evaporation of basal droplet, this paper combines the research status at home and abroad to analyze the deformation effect of electric field on basal droplet and the influence of electric field on the internal flow mode and velocity of droplet, as well as the effect of electric field on the evaporation of basal droplet. The relationship between the influence of the above two aspects of the droplet and the droplet evaporation was analyzed, and the strengthening effect of the electric field on the evaporation process of the droplet on the base surface was as well analyzed, and the research progress of the droplet evaporation on the base surface under the electric field was introduced. Theoretical and experimental research results of the basic mechanism of the electric field on the evaporation enhancement of the droplet on the basal surface was discussed as follows: the electric field can change the surface charge distribution and morphology of the droplet on the basal surface, cause the phenomenon of electro-wetting to occur, while changing the internal surface of the droplet. The flow pattern increases the internal flow rate of the droplet, thereby enhancing the heat exchange at the droplet interface from two aspects as well as promoting the evaporation and mass transfer of the droplet. This paper briefly reviews the current research progress, and points out the direction of further research on the electric field-enhanced basal droplet evaporation. It further provides ideas for the research of electrostatic atomization cooling technology on high heat flux surfaces.

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2023 Vol. 41 (4): 384-392 [Abstract] ( 10 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3017KB] ( 348 )
393 Experimental study on evolution characteristics of cavitation bubble under multiple boundary conditions
HU Jianming,WANG Ziman*,LI Zhishuang
In order to reveal the dynamic evolution mechanism of a cavitation bubble under the in-fluence of complex boundary conditions, the bubble generated by the capacitor discharge in water was taken as the research object. Through the quantitative analysis of the bubble collapse time, migration distance and water column height and other dynamic characteristic parameters, the influence of the boundary effect on the bubble development was obtained. The results show that the bubble morphology changes drastically in the jet stage, jet breakdown bubble and rebound stage. The vertical rigid boun-dary affects the jet deflection angle inside the bubble under multiple boundary conditions. The horizontal rigid boundary affects the bubble expansion and collapse process, when the distance between the bubble and the horizontal rigid boundary is greater than and smaller than the bubble radius, two diffe-rent rebound forms are produced. The farther from the free liquid surface, the wider the jet inside the bubble. The influence of the free surface on the height of the water column above the free surface is greater than the rigid boundary. The research on the interaction between the bubble and multiple boundaries is conducive to revealing the dynamic evolution mechanism of the bubble in complex environments, and aims to provide support for the prediction and analysis of bubble dynamic characteristics in complex environments.

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2023 Vol. 41 (4): 393-399 [Abstract] ( 13 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3203KB] ( 265 )
400 Influence of air filling on clogging behavior of dripper
ZHANG Erxin,LYU Chang,ZHANG Wenqian,DONG Aihong,WANTG Yanbang,NIU Wenquan,*
In order to explore the clogging law and influencing factors of dripper under aerated drip irrigation, four kinds of internal patch drippers E1, E2, E3 and E4 with different characteristic parameters(flow Q, minimum section size min(W, D)and water inlet grid area M)were selected to test the clogging of dripper under aerated(AI)and non-aerated(CK)conditions respectively, and the results were verified by sediment flocculation and sedimentation test. The results show that aeration and emitter structure have a significant effect on the clogging performance of the emitter(P<0.05). The main reasons for aggravating the clogging of the emitter by aeration are that the aeration intensifies the flocculation and sedimentation of sediment particles in the water, accelerates the adhesion of flocculation particles in the laterals and the inlet of the channel, and increases the risk of sudden clogging at the inlet of the emitter. When E4 dripper with larger inlet size is selected, the risk of clogging at the inlet of the channel is reduced, and the flocculation and sedimentation rate of sediment in the channel is slowed down, which shows that aeration slows down the clogging of the dripper. When E1-E3 dripper with smaller inlet size are selected, the flocculation and sedimentation rate of sediment in the laterals increases, and the clogging risk of the inlet of the dripper increases, which shows that aeration aggravates the clogging of the dripper.

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2023 Vol. 41 (4): 400-408 [Abstract] ( 11 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2482KB] ( 238 )
409 Effects of water, fertilizer and light coupling on growth characteristics and water and fertilizer utilization of Arabica coffee
JIANG Zeyin,LIU Xiaogang*,WU Lang,ZHANG Wenhui,YANG Qiliang
In order to ascertain the highefficiency management mode of water (WL: 0.8ETP, WM: 1.0ETP and WH: 1.2ETP), (FL∶N∶P2O5∶K2O=90.8∶90.8∶90.8 kg/hm2, FM∶N∶P2O5∶K2O=181.6∶181.6∶181.6 kg/hm2, FH∶N∶P2O5∶K2O=272.4∶272.4∶272.4 kg/hm2) and light (NS: natural light and S: 30% shading) for Arabica coffea. A complete combination experiment was set up to study the effects of different irrigation, fertilization and shading levels on the canopy structure, photosynthetic characteristics, water and fertilizer utilization as well as dry mass accumulation. At the same time, this experiment fitted the daily changes of photosynthetic indicators under different water, fertilizer, and light conditions. The results show that increasing irrigation level and shading decrease canopy opening as well as increased leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate. Compared with NS, the diurnal variation curve of photosynthetic characteristics of S treatment is ″single peak″, and the dry mass accumulation, irrigation water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity increase by 6.24%, 11.21% and 11.54%, respectively. Increasing irrigation level increase the dry mass accumulation and fertilizer partial productivity, but decrease irrigation water use efficiency. Compared with FL, FH increase dry mass accumulation and irrigation water use efficiency by 20.59%, 6.94%, and FM increase them by 23.00% and 7.63%, respectively. The results of range analysis and comprehensive scoring show that the WMFLS combination have the greatest comprehensive benefit of dry mass accumulation, water and fertilizer utilization. The results can provide practical reference for the efficient production of Arabica coffea.

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2023 Vol. 41 (4): 409-416 [Abstract] ( 15 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1617KB] ( 323 )
417 Effect of pore structure parameters on the loss of fine grain during suffusion
WEI Haijiang,XU Zengguang*,GENG Kaiqiang,FENG Shangxin
The evolution of pore size distribution during suffusion was monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance, and the grain size distribution of lost fines was measured by a self-programmed particle size recognition program. Finally, the influence of pore structure parameters on the loss of fines was discussed using gray system theory. The results show that the lower the initial fines content, the more severe the suffusion. When the hydraulic gradient was constant, the cumulative fines loss percentage increased exponentially with time, and the suffusion process could be divided into development, slow erosion and equilibrium stage. The sensitivity of fines to suffusion increased with the decrease of grain size, while the influence degree of surface morphology on the migration of fines decreased with the decrease in grain size. The intensity of the soil-water interaction during the suffusion was positively correlated with the initial fines content and hydraulic gradient, respectively. In general, the connectivity and heterogeneity of constriction size distribution gradually increased, the complexity gradually decreased, and the equivalent opening size gradually increased during the suffusion. The influence of pore structure parameters on fines loss from large to small is as follows: fractal dimension, non-uniform coefficient, controlled constriction size, and most probable pore size.

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2023 Vol. 41 (4): 417-424 [Abstract] ( 11 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5970KB] ( 266 )
425 Effect of outsource filter material on subsurface pipe drainage and soil desalination
WANG Wenxu,YANG Shuqing*,HU Lingling,ZHANG Wanfeng
To explore the drainage performance of subsurface pipes and the effect of soil desalination under different outsourcing filter materials, based on the results of laboratory experiments, four kinds of subsurface drainage systems were set up in the field(the buried depth of the subsurface pipes in each system was 80 cm, and the spacing was 20 m), and the outer filter materials used were 68 g/m2 geotextile(L), sand filter material(S), 68 g/m2 geotextile + sand filter material(LS)and non-outsourcing filter material(W), with the local conventional open ditch drainage(CK)as a control, the drainage performance index and soil desalination efficiency of each subsurface pipe system in the spring irrigation process were analyzed through field experiments. The results show that compared with W treatment, the average drainage rate of L, S and LS treatments increased by 7.44%, 12.5% and 15.75%, and the average flow attenuation was reduced by 4.07%; the cumulative drainage volume of S and LS treatments increased by 5.11% and 8.31%(p<0.05). The average soil desalination rate after spring irrigation in each subsurface pipe system was above 47%, which was significantly improved compared with CK treatment. Among them, LS treatment had the best effect, which was 50.94%. In summary, LS treatment should be selected first as the outsourcing filter layout plan of the subsurface pipe drainage system in the Hetao irrigation area. The results of this research can provide theoretical support and scientific guidance for the popularization and application of salt drainage technology through subsurafce pipes in Hetao Irrigation District.

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2023 Vol. 41 (4): 425-432 [Abstract] ( 11 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2399KB] ( 265 )
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