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Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engin
 
2022 Vol.40 Issue.9
Published 2022-09-25
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2022 Vol. 40 (9): 1- [Abstract] ( 14 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 29242KB] ( 248 )
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2022 Vol. 40 (9): 2- [Abstract] ( 20 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1349KB] ( 258 )
865 Internal flow characteristics of centrifugal fire pump
WANG Yue,LU Xin,WANG Kai*,LIU Houlin,TAN Minggao
In order to study the external characteristics, internal flow characteristics and cavitation characteristics of the centrifugal fire pump, numerical analysis was carried out based on the RNG k-ε turbulence model to compare the internal unsteady flow of the centrifugal fire pump with a specific speed of 24.7 under different working conditions. The results show that under the shut-off condition, a lot of stall vortices are generated in the impeller of the centrifugal fire pump, especially the vortex core distribution with large area and extremely high turbulent kinetic energy appears at the outlet of the impeller, which seriously affects the flow passage capacity and causes a lot of energy loss. With the increase of flow rate, the vortex in the channel disappears gradually, the flow field tends to be stable, and the distribution of vortex core basically fixed and symmetrical. With the continuous increase of flow rate, the axial force of centrifugal fire pump increases gradually, and the fluctuation of axial force is relatively strong under the conditions of minimum flow rate and maximum flow rate. With the increase of flow rate, the radial force decreases gradually, and the vector distribution of radial force under different working conditions presents a six tooth distribution. With the increase of flow rate, the influence of cavitation on the head characteristic curve of centrifugal fire pump is more obvious. When the head curve begins to decline, the NPSHR increases gradually, but the decline speed is relatively slow.

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2022 Vol. 40 (9): 865-873 [Abstract] ( 20 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 9666KB] ( 287 )
874 Optimization design of centrifugal cooling water pump impeller based on STARCCM+
LEI Gang*,XU Xuehan,TAN Wei,YANG Lianlin,WANG Huyin
In order to solve the problems in the design optimization of automobile cooling water pump impeller, such as long design cycle and unclear optimization method, a design and optimization method of semi-open impeller at rated operating condition was proposed based on the theory of centrifugal pump design and computational fluid mechanics dynamics(CFD). Firstly, the structural parameters of the impeller were determined, and the water pump was preliminarily modeled by the 3D modeling software CATIA V5. The design model was simulated and analyzed by using the CFD software STARCCM+, and the absolute pressure cloud diagram, velocity vector diagram and turbulent kinetic energy distribution diagram of the pump section were obtained. Finally, the main structural parameters of the impeller, such as inlet and outlet width, inlet and outlet diameter, inlet and outlet angle, were optimized by MATLAB genetic algorithm toolbox with the aim of minimizing the total energy loss of the pump. The results of the study show that MATLAB genetic algorithm toolbox plays a significant role in the process of pump optimization through the simulation comparison of the cooling water pump before and after optimization under multiple operating conditions. In addition, MATLAB genetic algorithm toolbox has obvious advantages in finding the optimization combination of impeller structural parameters, and the results are reasonable and reliable. The pump performance after impeller optimization is excellent, and the pump efficiency has been increased by 2.3% at rated operating conditions.

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2022 Vol. 40 (9): 874-879 [Abstract] ( 20 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1934KB] ( 819 )
880 Flow field characteristics of unloading groove of gerotor pump of active vibration damping system
CAO Wenbin*,LIU Yucong,BAI Guixiang,CAO Zeyu
The traditional gerotor pump has a constant and low speed, it has the problems of large pressure pulsation and low volumetric efficiency when it is applied to the wide speed operating conditions of the active shock absorption hydraulic suspension system. Therefore, the article from the perspective of the structural parameters of the distribution pair of the gerotor pump, the influence of the tooth-shaped circular unloading groove of the distribution pair on the flow field characteristics under the condition of wide rotational speed were studied. By establishing three-dimensional models of the tooth-shaped circular unloading groove distribution pair with different structural forms, the pressure pulsation and volumetric efficiency of the tooth-shaped circular unloading grooves of different distribution pairs under va-riable load and speed conditions are studied. The results show that the tooth-shaped circular unloading groove can improve the volumetric efficiency of the gerotor pump and reduce the output pressure pulsation under the condition of high speed when the load conditions are consistent. At the same time, increasing the inlet pressure of gerotor pump can effectively improve its volumetric efficiency. When the speed is 5 000 r/min, the volumetric efficiency of the pump without unloading groove is 91.8%, and the volumetric efficiency of the gerotor pump with the unloading groove structure is 92.3%. The output pressure pulsation of gerotor pump with full tooth-shaped circular unloading groove is less than that of gerotor pump without tooth-shaped circular unloading groove. The maximum difference of the pressure pulsation of the gerotor pump corresponding to the toothed circular unloading groove of the two structures is 0.71% in a wide speed range. At constant speed, the larger the load pressure, the smaller the volumetric efficiency of the gerotor pump, and the smaller the pressure pulsation value.

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2022 Vol. 40 (9): 880-886 [Abstract] ( 29 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2463KB] ( 399 )
887 Numerical simulation of fluid-structure-thermal coupling of slipper pair in high-pressure and large-displacement radial piston pump
LI Shaonian*,YANG Pan,BAO Shangling,LI Yi
Aiming at the friction and lubrication failure problem of the oil film on slipper pair in high-pressure and large-displacement radial piston pump, the numerical simulation of fluid-structure-thermal coupling was carried out for the flow field and solid domain structure of slipper pair under the consideration of the weak compressibility, viscosity-temperature and viscosity-pressure characteristics of oil. The influence of working conditions on the oil film bearing characteristics of the slipper pair and the variation of the structural strength of the slipper and the stator were discussed. The results show that with the increase of the working pressure of the piston pump, the oil film pressure of the slipper pair increases greatly, and the velocity field and temperature field of the oil film remain basically unchanged. With the increase of the piston pump rotation speed, the oil velocity and temperature of the slipper pair oil film increased greatly, and the pressure field of the oil film is basically remained unchanged. The maximum deformation and stress of the slipper appeared at the outlet edge of the damping hole at the bottom of the central oil cavity. The geometrical structure of this part is thin, and it has to bear the high pressure oil pressure load and temperature load of the central oil cavity, so it is the weakest part of the whole slipper structure. At the same time, the oil film temperature rise caused by the heat generation of viscous friction has a great influence on the structural strength of the slipper pair, which is also an important factor limiting the rotation speed increase of the piston pump. The results can provide some reference for the optimization design of high-pressure and large-displacement radial piston pump slipper pair.

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2022 Vol. 40 (9): 887-894 [Abstract] ( 24 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4306KB] ( 1025 )
895 Design of multi-point meshing rotors and internal flow field characteristics of twin-screw pump
PAN Shiyang,ZHAO Lizhuang,LI Xueqin,WANG Jun*,ZHAO Sheng,WANG Zengli,GENG Maofei
In view of the problems of serious wear and large leakage in the meshing area of the screw rotor in the traditional twin-screw pumps, the meshing model of elliptic arc and its conjugate curve was established by engagement theory, a pair of screw rotors with transmission ratio of 2 to 3 was obtained, and multi-point meshing screw rotors were proposed. The computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method was used to calculate the internal flow characteristic of the proposed twin-screw pump, and the internal flow characteristics of the pump were studied. The results show that the proposed screw rotors can achieve three-point meshing in the shaft section, and multiple seals were formed on the twin-screw rotor profiles. The pressure distribution at the addendum of male screw rotor with V-shaped grooves is uniform, while the pressure distribution at the addendum of the female screw rotor with the traditional structure is stepped. The leakage rate of the circumferential meshing gap of the female screw rotor is 1.8 times that of the male screw rotor, which proves that the labyrinth-like seal formed by the edges of the male screw rotor with the V-shaped grooves and the casing can effectively reduce the leakage at the circumferential meshing gap and improve the sealing performance. The wear of the proposed twin-screw rotors was improved, and the novel screw rotors can effectively reduce the internal leakage of the twin-screw pump, which is of great significance for improving the high-pressure environment adaptability of the twin-screw pump.

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2022 Vol. 40 (9): 895-901 [Abstract] ( 21 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6359KB] ( 351 )
902 Dam deformation prediction based on optimization of LSTM by using cuckoo search algorithm
KANG Junfeng,HU Zuochen,CHEN Youliang*
Reasonable analysis and accurate prediction of dam deformation is an important means to ensure the safe operation of the dam′s safety management. The dam deformation prediction data has the characteristics of tendency, periodicity, randomness and nonlinearity. Most of the existing machine learning models are based on the nonlinear characteristics of dam deformation prediction data, while ignoring the linear characteristics of trend and periodicity of prediction data. A dam deformation prediction model was proposed by using the optimized cuckoo search algorithm(CS), the long-term and short-term memory artificial neural network(LSTM). Based on the real-time monitoring data of IoT sensors, an STL-CS-LSTM combination model was proposed. The model decomposed the dam deformation time series data into trend component, periodic component, and residual component by using the seasonal trend decomposition procedure based on the loess(STL)method of locally weighted regression. Then the optimized LSTM model was used to predict the trend component and the remainder component respectively. The simple period estimation method was used for prediction calculation. Finally, the final deformation prediction result was obtained by adding the prediction results of the three components. Lishan reservoir in Zhejiang Province was selected to carry out a deformation prediction experiment using the data of horizontal displacement and settlement automatically obtained by IoT. The results show that the STL-CS-LSTM model has the best prediction performance both in horizontal displacement and settlement deformation. The horizontal displacement prediction accuracy of other models from high to low are LSTM model, support vector regression model SVR and artificial neural network model ANN. The settlement prediction accuracy of other models is ANN model, LSTM model and SVR model.

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2022 Vol. 40 (9): 902-907 [Abstract] ( 11 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3212KB] ( 386 )
908 Migration law of water and chloride ions in aeolian sand concrete
DONG Wei,FU Qianwang,LIU Xin*,WANG Dong,WANG Xuesong,JI Yajing
To solve the problem of resources shortage of ordinary river sand in northwestern of China, the aeolian sand of Kubuqi Desert is used instead of ordinary river sand as fine aggregate to prepare aeolian sand concrete. The effects of different water-binder ratios and different concentrations of NaCl solutions on the permeation patterns of water and chloride ions in aeolian sand concrete, the chloride ions content was determined by means of stratified borehole powder extraction and chemical titration to explore the connection between water and chloride ions transport under capillary action. The results show that water as a medium of chloride ions transport, the penetration depth of chloride ions is much smaller than the penetration depth of water, the two transport presents non-synchronous. After 28 days of capillary absorption, the water-binder ratio of aeolian sand concrete was 0.55, and the water penetration depth was about twice the chloride ion penetration depth, and the water-binder ratio was 0.45 and 0.4. The water penetration depth of the aeolian sand concrete specimen was about the chloride ion pe-netration depth. 1.5 times. When the capillary absorption of more than 7 days, the water-binder ratio of 0.55 aeolian sand concrete specimens generated a large number of salt crystals inside with a water binder ratio of 0.55, which slows down the rate of water penetration. In the early stage of capillary salt absorption, the internal water and chloride ions penetration depth of the aeolian sand concrete specimen is nearly linear, with the capillary absorption time, the water migration rate inside its matrix decreases, and the chloride ions continues to penetrate deeper by diffusion under the effect of high concentration gradient. When the capillary salt absorption concentration exceeds the critical value of 6%, the chloride ions penetration inside the aeolian sand concrete specimen did not increase with the increase of NaCl concentration. This research can provide a theoretical basis for the research on durability of aeolian sand concrete in water conservancy projects in Northwest of China.

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2022 Vol. 40 (9): 908-914 [Abstract] ( 12 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2194KB] ( 274 )
915 Assessment of different sub-grid scale models in hydrofoil cloud cavitation numerical simulations
HONG Feng,XUE Huancheng,ZHANG Fan,HU Tao*
To investigate the applicability of different sub-grid scale models in simulating the unsteady cavitation flow around a two-dimensional Clark-Y hydrofoil, the homogeneous flow assumption and the Zwart cavitation model was applied in present work. Four sub-grid models(wall adaptive local eddy visibility(WALE), Smagorinsky Lilly, algebraic wall modeled LES model(WMLES)and dynamic kinetic energy subgrid scale model(KET))were selected to close the controlling equations. The unsteady flow characteristics, such as airfoil lift drag coefficient, time averaged velocity distribution of flow field at different positions and periodic change of cavitation morphology, under cloud cavitation predicted by different sub-grid scale models were obtained and compared with corresponding experimental data. The results show that: compared with the prediction results of other sub-grid scale mo-dels, the average lift coefficient simulated by the WALE model is in the best agreement with the expe-rimental values, for which the relative error is only less than 1%, and the change of the predicted instantaneous lift coefficient is close to the corresponding experimental data. Besides, the WALE model can be more applicable to accurately capture the unsteady evolution characteristics of cloud cavitation period, including the growth of attached cavitation near the leading edge of the hydrofoil, and the break-off of sheet cavitation and the shedding dynamics of cloud cavitation under the effects of re-entrant jet. Based on the numerical results of the WALE model, the vortex structure near the trailing edge is expressed by the Q-criterion, and it is found that the unsteadiness of the cloud cavitation induces the generation of vortex in the wake.

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2022 Vol. 40 (9): 915-920 [Abstract] ( 24 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2083KB] ( 531 )
921 Depressurized flow characteristics and critical cavitation prediction in passage of straight flow labyrinth valve channel
JIN Haozhe,DUAN Aoqiang,LIU Xiaofei,WANG Chao*
Aiming at the cavitation damage and failure phenomenon of the internal flow channel of the straight flow labyrinth regulating valve core with the characteristics of high pressure drop and high speed flow. Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)approach was adopted based on the critical cavitation pressure prediction method, combined with Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model in the Mixture multiphase flow and Realizable k-ε turbulence model. The critical cavitation inlet pressure of even stages 2N(N=1, 2, 3, 4)channel under different outlet pressures(0.1-0.8 MPa)was numerically simulated, and the variation laws of parameters, such as pressure, velocity and phase fraction of eight-stage channel are analyzed. The results show that vortices are generated only when fluid passes through a series of stages of perpendicular to the flow direction except the inlet stage, and the generation of vortex will lead to energy dissipation and pressure drop; the low pressure region formed by the vortex is lower than the saturated vapor pressure of the fluid at the outlet near the wall, and the local cavitation occurs in this region; The critical cavitation pressure difference presents a linear function increasing trend in the same channel stage situation by increasing outlet pressure. The critical cavitation pressure difference presents an exponential function increasing trend in the same outlet pressure situation by increasing channel stages. Therefore, according to the principle of eddy energy dissipation, pressure drop and the equation of critical cavitation linear and exponential trend line, the structure design of labyrinth channel can be improved and optimized to promote the generation of eddy current, and at the same time select the appropriate operating pressure and channel stages can be selected to avoid cavitation.

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2022 Vol. 40 (9): 921-927 [Abstract] ( 17 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3799KB] ( 356 )
928 Optimal design of micro-pipe turbine based on orthogonal test method
GUO Huijuan,WANG Haolan,ZHENG Yuan*,SHI Junfeng,KAN Kan
Abstract:Aiming at the environmental pollution problem caused by the dry batteries used in the induction faucets, a new type of micro-piped water turbine was designed and developed. The shape and size of each flow component was determined preliminarily, the multi-objective optimization ortho-gonal test was carried out on the turbine, the optimal test scheme was determined, and the physical model experiment was carried out. The interaction between the water flow and the turbine transmits its rotating mechanical energy to the generator, and generating the electric energy used by the water faucet. Based on the orthogonal experimental optimization theory, the turbine output under the design flow rate was 6.3W, which is 32.35% higher than the preliminary design scheme, and the efficiency is 85.13%, 2.58% higher when compared with the preliminary scheme. After the optimization, both the turbine output and efficiency meet the design requirements. The range difference results show that the turbine output first increased and then decreased with the increase of the number of blades, increased with the increase of the number of fixed guide vanes, decreases with the increase of the opening of fixed guide vanes, and the maximum output of symmetrical guide vanes was achieved. The turbine efficiency increases with the increase of the number of blades, increases with the increase of the number of fixed guide vanes, increased first and then decreases with the increase of the opening of fixed guide vanes, and the negative curvature guide vanes had the highest efficiency. The research results provide a reference for the design and optimization of micro-pipeline turbines.
2022 Vol. 40 (9): 928-935 [Abstract] ( 20 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 152 )
936 Variations and driving factors of multi-scale light use efficiency in micro-irrigated kiwifruit orchards in Southwest China
YANG Binhuan,CUI Ningbo*,HE Qingyan,JIANG Shouzheng,ZHENG Shunsheng,HUANG Yaowei
To reveal the changing trends of light use efficiency of kiwifruit orchards at different scales in the humid regions of Southwest China and to explore the influence mechanism of physiological, environmental and vegetation factors on light use efficiency of kiwifruit orchards at different scales. The vorticity correlation system was used to conduct comprehensive observations of water, heat and carbon flux for three consecutive years from 2018 to 2020 in the kiwifruit orchards in Pujiang County, Sichuan Province. The regulations of light use efficiency at different scales in kiwifruit orchards were explored. The path analysis method was used to quantify the total effect of physiological factors, climatic factors, soil moisture factors, and vegetation factors on the light use efficiency of kiwifruit orchards at different scales. The results showed that kiwifruit′s leaf instantaneous light use efficiency(LUEi)decreased with increased photosynthetically active radiation(PAR), ranging from 0.006 to 0.026 μmol/μmol. The monthly average daily changes of canopy light use efficiency(cLUE)and ecosystem light use efficiency(eLUE)were U-shaped. The monthly cumulative cLUE and eLUE ranged between 0.77—2.67 and 0.58—1.63 g/MJ, respectively, and their trends are the same with no obvious seasonal change. LUEi is mainly affected by meteorological factors(PAR)and physiological factors(Pn)significantly, and PAR and Pn have significant direct(-0.99)and indirect(-0.81)effects on LUEi, respectively; cLUE and eLUE are significantly affected by meteorological factors(Rg, Ta and VPD)and vegetation factor(LAI). Rg and VPD mainly affected eLUE and cLUE by affecting the light absorption process, while Ta and LAI affected eLUE and cLUE through carbon assimilation.

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2022 Vol. 40 (9): 936-944 [Abstract] ( 16 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1968KB] ( 308 )
945 Effects of no-tillage and straw returning on yield and water use of direct seeding rice
LI Guoqi,WU Han*
A experiment was performed to investigate the effects of four treatments:CT+NS(conventional tillage + no straw return), CT+S(conventional tillage + straw return), NT+NS(no-tillage + no straw return), NT+S(no-tillage + straw return)on rice yield and water utilization of direct seeding rice in 2017 and 2018. The experimental results showed that the yield of direct seeding rice under NT+S is 9.08-9.63 t/hm2, which was not significant difference with CT+NS and CT+S, but it is significantly increased by 10.05%-13.36% compared with NT+NS. Therefor, compared with CT+S, the water demand of NT+S has decreased significantly by 5.17%-7.24%, reaching 557.3-576.7 mm. However, the water demand of NT+NS is not significantly different from that of NT+S. Moreover, NT+S has the highest water productivity, 1.63 kg/m3 and 1.67 kg/m3 respectively in two years, which is a significant increase of 12.90% and 11.56% compared with NT+NS. In addition, the water productivity of CT+NS is significantly lower than that of NT+S in 2017, but no significant difference in 2018.

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2022 Vol. 40 (9): 945-951 [Abstract] ( 33 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2343KB] ( 341 )
952 Effect of degradable plastic film on soil hydrothermal characteristics and yield of seed maize in Hexi arid area
WU Keqian,XIAO Rang,ZHAO Wenju*,ZHANG Yongling,DENG Haoliang,YU Haiying,QIU Zhenxin
Based on the seeded maize as the test material, the effects of the induction period of 2, 3 and 4 months white(WD1, WD2, WD3)and black(BD1, BD2, BD3)degradation film and ordinary white film cover on the soil moisture and yield of the seeded maize were studied. The results showed that the degradation grade of black degradation film was higher than that of white degradation film during the same induction period. The soil water storage was 2.2% to 7.5% and 2.3% to 7.0% lower than that of CK during grout and maturity, and the water storage level of BD2 soil during the spinning period was 8.0% higher than CK. The maximum daily soil temperature covered during extraction, spinning, grouting and maturation is 0.1 to 1.5, 0 to 1.2, 0.1 to 1.3 and 0.9 to 1.9 degrees Cel-sius lower than CK, the earlier the degradation diaphragm induction period. The greater the effect on ground temperature, the 3.2% higher the wet water content of the crown wet base during BD3 maturation than CK, and the yield and water utilization efficiency of different degradation film-covering crops compared with CK, BD3 had an increase in yield effect, yield and water utilization efficiency were 6.8% and 4.7% higher than CK, respectively. The results of the study are aimed at providing a theore-tical reference for the coverage of the ecological film of maize cultivated in Hexi area.

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2022 Vol. 40 (9): 952-958 [Abstract] ( 27 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2099KB] ( 329 )
959 Effects of different drainage bodies on growth, soil nutrients and root zone soil microorganisms of Panax notoginseng
YOU Qi,YANG Qiliang*
In order to explore suitable drainage body for the planting of Panax notoginseng, three drainage treatments, eucalyptus bark SP, corn stalk YM, tobacco stem YG, were designed through field experiments. Three kinds of drainage treatments were designed: eucalyptus bark(SP), corn straw(YM)and tobacco stalk(YG). The growth, soil microbial quantity and nutrient content of Panax notoginseng in each growth period were studied when the depth of drainage was 20 cm. The results showed that compared with the treatment of CK, the growth index, soil available nutrient content and the number of microorganisms in soil under different drainage treatments were significantly increased. The drainage treatments had the effects on increasing the nutrients of soil and reduced the losses of nutrients in soil. In the 0-40 cm soil layer, after irrigation 1 day and 7 days, the moisture content of soil was expressed as CK>YG>SP>YM. Compared with the CK, the incidence rate of Panax notoginseng treated by YM was significantly reduced by 34.67%. Through comprehensive comparison, the best scheme under this experimental condition is to use corn straw as the drainage water for the field of Panax notoginseng.

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2022 Vol. 40 (9): 959-965 [Abstract] ( 31 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2170KB] ( 290 )
966 Response of drip-irrigated spring maize to different irrigation decision-making methods in Hexi region
YANG Rui,FAN Junliang*,LAI Zhenlin,XU Xinyu
Based on three irrigation decision-making methods(soil moisture, evapotranspiration, soil water potential), ten irrigation treatments(CK,W1,W2,EP100,EP80,EF100,EF80,P25,P45,P65)were designed to study the effects of different irrigation decision-making methods on the growth, grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency of spring maize. The results showed that the highest grain yield was obtained by CK, EP100 and P25 under the soil moisture, evapotranspiration and soil water potential based irrigation methods, respectively. The yield of CK was 6.90% and 8.28% higher than that of EP100 and P25, respectively. The growth and dry matter accumulation of spring maize were highest under CK, but its water consumption was largest(718.54 mm), which was 26.13% and 11.57% higher than that of EP100 and P25, respectively. The yield of EP100 was significantly lower than that of CK, while its water use efficiency was significantly higher than that of CK. The P25 treatment had irrigation times than CK and E100 treatments, and its performances in yield and water use efficiency were not outstanding. There was no significant difference in maize yield and water use efficiency between EP80 and EP100. Comprehensively considering the yield, water use efficiency, and the applicability of the methods, it was believed that the irrigation decision-making method based on past evapotranspiration with weekly irrigation quota of 80%ET0(EP80)was the most suitable irrigation decision-making method for efficient and stable spring maize production in the Hexi Region.

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2022 Vol. 40 (9): 966-972 [Abstract] ( 26 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1711KB] ( 301 )
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