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Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engin
 
2021 Vol.39 Issue.3
Published 2021-03-25

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2021 Vol. 39 (3): 1- [Abstract] ( 24 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 16049KB] ( 319 )
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2021 Vol. 39 (3): 2- [Abstract] ( 23 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1022KB] ( 389 )
217 Dynamic coupling characteristics of valve flow field and valve core movement in reciprocating pump
ZHANG Renhui*,SUN Pengcheng,FU Yihong
In order to study the complex motion law of reciprocating pump valve, the motion analysis of the valve core was coupled with the numerical simulation of the flow field in the valve gap using dyna-mic mesh and user-defined functions technology. Furthermore, the coupling characteristics of pump valve and plunger motion were further analyzed, and the influence of the spring stiffness, preload and limiter height on the movement and performance of pump valves were discussed. The results show that the larger the spring stiffness or preload, the smaller the valve lift; the larger the gap flow resistance and the lower the suction performance. The influence of spring stiffness and preload on the action lag and leakage characteristics of valve are opposite to that on hydraulic efficiency and suction perfor-mance. With the increase of the height of limiter, the velocity of the valve core impacting on the limiter decreases gradually, and the lag height of the valve decreases at first and then increases, and there is an optimum range for the height of the limiter. Coupling analysis of plunger motion and valve motion of reciprocating pump, it can be seen that the influence of spring stiffness and preload on the impact of the valve on the valve seat is basically the same as that on the lag height of valve core. The indicator diagram of reciprocating pump can accurately simulate the action lag characteristics of suction valve and discharge valve. The research results can provide some reference for the optimization design of reciprocating pump valve.
2021 Vol. 39 (3): 217-223 [Abstract] ( 44 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4320KB] ( 553 )
224 Influence of inducer on pressure fluctuation of compact magnetic drive pump
KONG Fanyu,ZHANG Kun*,TONG Kai,QIAN Wenfei,WANG Jiaqiong
In order to explore the influence of inducer on pressure fluctuation in a compact magnetic drive pump, nine different monitoring points are set up in the impeller and volute fluid domains. Through CFD transiently numerical simulations, the pressure fluctuation charts in time domain and frequency domain are obtained respectively, and the fluctuation characteristics are compared with the pump without the inducer. The results show that the amplitude of fluctuation in the first blade passing frequency in the pump with the inducer is lower than that without it. The amplitude of pressure pulsation near the blade inlet is higher than that the latter as well. In the volute, the pressure fluctuation variation rule and amplitude are changed obviously near the volute tongue after inducer is placed, and the influence of jet-wake formed by blade sweeping over the leading edge of the separator on the fluctuation is reduced. Therefore, to a certain extent, placing an inducer before the impeller is conducive to the safe operation of the pump but also reduces the vibration in the pump.
2021 Vol. 39 (3): 224-230 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 31316KB] ( 417 )
231 Numerical simulation of influence of shaft on performance of low head tubular pumping system
ZHOU Chunfeng,ZHANG Jingbo,JIAO Weixuan,CHENG Li*,JIANG Hongying
In order to study the influence of shaft on the hydraulic performance of low head tubular pump, CFD method was used to simulate thewhole pumping system including inlet and outlet water extension, inlet and outlet passage, impeller and guide vane. The influence of shaft length, shaft head profile and shaft tail profile on hydraulic loss of inlet passage, uniformity of axial velocity distribution at outlet section, weighted average angle of velocity at outlet section and energy characteristics of pumping system was analyzed. The results show that the hydraulic loss of the inlet passage and the weighted average velocity angle at the outlet section are affected by the shaft length, shaft head profile and shaft tail profile, but the uniformity of the axial velocity distribution at the outlet section of the inlet channel is almost not affected. Under the design flow rate condition, the hydraulic loss of the inlet passage with cone-shaped head and tail is 24% less than that of the inlet passage with arc-shaped head and tail. Therefore, the hydraulic performance of the inlet passage with cone-shaped head profile and tail profile is better, but when selecting the cone-shaped line, attention should be paid not to extend the tail length of the shaft. The results of numerical simulation were verified by model test. The two results are in good agreement, and the numerical simulation results are reliable.
2021 Vol. 39 (3): 231-237 [Abstract] ( 39 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 7768KB] ( 431 )
238 Structural stress analysis of rotor system of high-temperature molten- salt pump based on flow-thermal-structure coupling
ZHU Rongsheng,CHEN Yiming*,AN Ce,KANG Junjun,LONG Yun,GE Jie
The structural stress analysis in the rotator system of a high-temperature molten-salt pump is carried out based on ANSYS Workbench. At first, computational fluid dynamics software CFX is used to calculate the steady turbulent flows in the pump under multiple working condition, and the predicted results are validated with experimental data.By comprehensively considering the hydrodynamic, centri-fugal and thermal loads in the high-temperature molten-salt pump, a flow-thermal-structure coupling dynamic model is established for the rotor system.Based on the model, the influence of material property and temperature on the structural performance of the pump is investigated, and the structural stress analysis in the rotor system components is conducted. The results show that under the same flow condition the maximum deformation of impeller blades in different materials shows a first increasing and then decreasing trend with increasing temperature. Moreover, the impeller deformation keeps constant basically and is less affected by flow rate.The stress level on the blade pressure side is higher than that on the blade suction side, and the stress value on the blade suction side in different materials exhibits a linearly decreasing trend at various temperatures.The position with the highest equivalent stress is mainly concentrated in the areas where the blades are in contact with the shroud and hub near the impeller outlet. Based on the comprehensive analysis on impeller deformation and strength, the impeller with stainless steel 316L is the best solid mechanics performance compared with that in stainless steels 347 and 420. This study can provide some reference for the structural design of high-temperature molten-salt pumps.
2021 Vol. 39 (3): 238-243 [Abstract] ( 29 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 10503KB] ( 412 )
244 Pressure pulsation characteristics of axial-flow pump under multiple working conditions
WU Donglei,ZHENG Yuan*,XUE Haipeng,DAI Qingyun,ZHANG Yuquan,LIU Weidong
In order to study the pressure pulsation characteristics of axial extensional pump under different flow conditions, the numerical method was used to calculate the flow field within the internal pump under different flow conditions, and the characteristics of pressure pulsation under different flow conditions were revealed. The reliability of the numerical calculation method was verified by the pressure pulsation test of the real machine. The results shown that the pressure pulsation on each monitoring surface of the unit has a certain periodicity, and the peak and trough of the pressure pulsation at the runner were related to the number of the runner blades, and the main frequency of pressure pulsation was the blade frequency. The main frequency of pressure pulsation at the inlet section of the guide blade was the frequency of revolution. Under the condition of small flow, the flow was disordered and the pressure pulsation jitter was obvious. At the outlet section of the runner, due to the influence of rotor-stator interference, the flow was disordered, especially under the condition of small flow, the peak pressure pulsation reaches 12 times as high as the design condition. Low frequency signals induced by impact and backflow appears in the pressure pulsation frequency domain at the guide blade inlet and the monitoring point at the guide blade outlet. The low frequency frequency spectrum is complex and obvious jitter occurs.
2021 Vol. 39 (3): 244-250 [Abstract] ( 29 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6882KB] ( 491 )
251 Water and sediment motion law of sediment drainage funnel in hydropower station
HONG Zhenguo*,TIAN Hui
Taking Yanziya hydropower station as an example, the water and sediment motion law of sediment drainage funnel was simulated by using volume of fluid(VOF)model, Reynolds stress model(RSM), discrete N-S equations, and fifth-order Runge-Kutta variable step integration method, and the rationality of mathematical model predictions is demonstrated through physical model test. The results show that the tangential velocity of the sediment drainage funnel is generally small in the middle and large at both ends. The air funnel is generated in the bottom of the sediment drainage funnel, and a forced eddy current is generated around the air funnel. The radial velocity magnitude is small at first and then gets large with increasing radius, and the velocity direction is from the inside to the outside. There is an inward and larger radial velocity in the bottom of the sediment drainage funnel. The axial velocity magnitude is in oscillation, but its amplitude reduces with increasing radius. A top-low and bottom-high vertical distribution of sediment concentration is exhibited, a higher sediment content is found near the bottom, resulting in a higher sediment flow near the bottom. Under constraint of the funnel circular side wall, the water body generates a forced eddy with a strong sediment discharge capacity. The eddy can bring the sediment near the sand discharging bottom hole into the hole quickly, then the sediment was discharged downstream via a sand discharge tunnel connected with the hole. The differences of the predicted tangential, axial, radial velocities, and sediment content from the counterparts in model test are small.
2021 Vol. 39 (3): 251-256 [Abstract] ( 37 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1578KB] ( 618 )
257 Numerical simulation of rectification measures in outlet sump of pumping station
WANG Yuehua*,WANG Bin,WANG Ziming,ZHOU Shengzhi,YE Long,
In order to improve the bad flow pattern in the outlet pool of pump station, the RNG model and VOF method was used to simulate the whole flow field in outlet sump of original design scheme and four modified schemes based on CFD software. The flow pattern, velocity, water level, head loss and head loss coefficient of the outlet sump of the pump station were obtained. The calculation results show that the flow pattern in the outlet sump of the original scheme was disordered and the inflow condition of the tunnel was unstable and the main stream was obviously off the central line. The longitudinal water surface difference is 0.33~0.48 m, and the head loss and head loss coefficient were relatively large. Through the comparison of several schemes, it was recommended to adopt the scheme of circular arc side wall and downward moving tunnel entrance. The four corner side walls of the original scheme were adjusted to circular arcs with radius of 45 m and 36 m, respectively, and the tunnel entrance moves 10 m downstream. The scheme can obviously improve the flow pattern of outlet sump, and the flow can enter the tunnel more evenly. The longitudinal water surface difference decreases the most and is 0.12 m. The uniformity of velocity distribution at the entrance of the tunnel is increased by 10.3%, and the head loss is reduced by 14.7%. According to the recommended scheme, the physical model test results are close to the numerical simulation.

Guide: 
2021 Vol. 39 (3): 257-263 [Abstract] ( 26 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2133KB] ( 497 )
264 Three-dimensional numerical simulation of transient pipe flow with multiple entrapped air pockets
LU Kunming,ZHOU Ling*,LIU Jing
Aiming at the air-water two-phase transient flow phenomenon, the elasticity of the water body, the compressibility of the gas, the dynamic motion of the water-gas interface, and the interaction between the multiple air pockets were fully considered in this paper. The Standard k-ε turbulence model and the three-dimensional(3D)CFD simulations were used to simulate the two-phase interaction of water and gas with multi-segment in undulating pipeline. The 3D CFD simulations result, existing one-dimensional(1D)modeling results and the experimental data were compared and analyzed, and the dynamic change process was displayed through the water and gas two-phase distribution. The results show that compared with the 1D model, the 3D CFD model can more accurately simulate transient pressures fluctuation in the undulating pipeline, and can clearly describe the dynamic behaviors of water-gas mixing and interaction. The pressure fluctuation curve of transient flow with initial two air pockets show that multiple air pockets have different transient pressure fluctuations, and the maximum pressures may alternately arise in two air pockets, which was closely associated to initial air length. The water-air interface changes freely, and the length of the blocking water body changes momentarily. When the water body moves to the bend of the pipeline, a new blocking water body was ge-nerated, whcih divided the air mass into several parts.
2021 Vol. 39 (3): 264-269 [Abstract] ( 36 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2759KB] ( 757 )
270 Structural characteristics analysis of kind of vertical axis wind turbine with wind gathering device in Tibet
ZHAO Bin,WU Yijie,WANG Shaolong,YUAN Xipeng,FENG Fang*
In order to meet the demand of safety and reliability of the Vertical Axis Wind Turbine(VAWT)with wind gathering device in the high-cold and high-altitude regions of Tibet, based on the constraint conditions of component strength and meteorological parameters, a kind of 500 W power ra-tings SB-VAWT with wind gathering device in Tibet was used for structural analysis. The finite element method was used to calculate and analyze the static mechanical properties and modal analysis of main parts of VAWT. The static structural analysis by ANSYS showed that the maximum displacement and deformation variation under the rated speed condition of the main structural components such as blade, beam, main axis, flange plate, upper and lower wind gathering device and tower were 0.19, 0.25, 0.013, 0.005 6, 0.63, 1.20, 0.05 mm respectively. The maximum equivalent stress were 11.96, 25.63, 11.7, 6.1, 4.68, 2.11, 2.28 MPa respectively. All of them are within the range of strength that the material can bear, and the influence can be ignored. Furthermore, the vibration frequency 2.5 Hz of the wind rotor was much less than its first natural frequency 9.22 Hz, no resonance occurred, and it was safe and reliable. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the application of the Straight-Bladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Wind Gathering Device in the high-cold and high-altitude area.
2021 Vol. 39 (3): 270-277 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2904KB] ( 552 )
278 Influence of U type and triangle vibration absorber on cavitation of rotary sleeve distribution system
DU Shanxiao,ZHANG Hongxin*,ZHAO Qinghai,JIANG Xiaotian,WANG Xinliang
In order to understand the influence of different damping groove structures on the cavitation of rotary sleeve flow distribution system. Two types of U and triangle damping groove were designed, The cavitation characteristics of the distributing flow system under the two damping groove were studied by Fluent simulation and experiment to determine the best cavitation under the optimal damping groove structure. The Singhal cavitation model of the distributing flow system was established. The fluid model in the simulation considers the gap between the rotating sleeve and the pump chamber and uses oil as the working medium to explore the cavitation under standard conditions and at different speeds. The experiment was carried out on the YST380W hydraulic comprehensive experiment bench, and the volumetric efficiency of the system at different speeds was monitored, which was consistent with the simulation results. The simulation results show that the gas volume fraction change rules of the two damping grooves are basically the same and the cavitation of the U type damping groove are slightly better, and the greater the speed, the more obvious the advantage; the change trend and size of the cavitation ratio are basically the same, and the advantage of the U type damping groove becomes more and more obvious as the speed increases. The volumetric efficiency first increases and then decreases with the increase of the speed, and the volumetric efficiency of U type damping groove was higher than that of the triangle damping groove. The simulation error was about 2% for the volumetric efficiency experiment of the U type damping groove system.
2021 Vol. 39 (3): 278-284 [Abstract] ( 27 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5704KB] ( 406 )
285 Effects of salt cation types on the propagation and closure law of desiccation cracks in red soil
WANG Hui*,CHEN Xiaoyue,WANG Wei
In order to investigate the influences of salt ion concentration and its type in irrigation water on the process of soil crack change and to provide data theoretical support for the safety of irrigation water in south China, the south subtropical typical red soil was soaked by using four solutions of NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 with the solute concentration of 15 g/L, 10 g/L, 5 g/L and 2.5 g/L, respectively. The dry and wet processes were simulated by using isothermal evaporation and water spraying, respectively. In order to analyze the process of red soil fracture development affected by salt cation type, the geometric parameters of soil crack were extracted by using digital image technology. The results showed that the cracks in the drying process of red soil increased most rapidly with the moisture content decreased from 30% to 10%, and reached the maximum value when the soil mass moisture content was lower than 10%,and then remained stable afterwards. The crack area density of red soil was significantly positively correlated with the concentration of four salt cation. The crack length density was significantly negatively correlated with K+ and Mg2+, and significantly negatively correlated with Ca2+. The order of the positive effect of four ions on the cracking area of red soil was Na+>K+>Ca2+>Mg2+. Compared with distilled water treatment, the larger promotion effects were found in the 10 g/L of NaCl, and 15 g/L of KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 solutions, which increased by 155.0%, 160.1%, 109.4% and 39.2%, respectively. The cracked water content was lower than the closed water content. Moreover, the cracked and closed water contents of red soil increased after soaking with four kinds of salt cation solutions.
2021 Vol. 39 (3): 285-291 [Abstract] ( 31 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2883KB] ( 415 )
292 Optimal allocation of water resources based on simulated annealing particle swarm optimization algorithm
DU Bailin,ZHANG Jianfeng*,GAO Zehai,LI Tao,HUANG Ziqi,ZHANG Na
In order to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources and improve the utilization rate of water resources. A new solution method was explored for optimizing allocation of water resources, the benefits of the society, economy and ecology were integrated to set up the comprehensive objective function. The optimal configuration model based on simulated annealing particle swarm optimization was designed. Meanwhile, the idea of simulated annealing was introduced into the basic particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the problem that the particles are easily falling into the local minimums. Dali County, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province was taken as the research area, three kinds of water sources including surface water, groundwater, other water and five kinds of different water users were set up. The simulated annealing particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to solve the optimal allocation scheme of water resources under three guarantee levels(P=50%, 75%, 95%)in two level years of 2020 and 2030. The results show that: under 75% of the incoming water, the water supply of surface water, groundwater and other water were 19 601.89×104 m3, 12 000.29×104 m3 and 8 655.69×104 m3 in 2020; the water supply were 25 936.30×104 m3, 17 345.87×104 m3 and 7 685.42×104 m3 in 2030. Compared with the water supply before optimization, the water saving amount was 333.11×104 m3 and 404.76×104 m3, respectively.
2021 Vol. 39 (3): 292-299 [Abstract] ( 46 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2153KB] ( 447 )
300 Variation of hydraulic performance along drip irrigation belts connected by jet tee
ZHANG Chenxi,WANG Xinkun*,JIN Binbin,YAO Jicheng,XUE Zilong,WANG Xuan
In order to investigate the variation of hydraulic performance of drip irrigation belts with jet tee connection, the hydraulic performance experiments of inlet flow rate and outlet head amplitude of jet tee was carried out in the range of 0.1-1.2 m3/h at the inlet of jet tee connection. It was found that the flow threshold of jet tee connected with pulse drip irrigation system was 0.2-0.8 m3/h. Pulse parameter experiment of drip irrigation belt connected jet tee along drip irrigation belts was carried out in the range of flow threshold of the pulsed drip irrigation system. The variation rule of pulse performance along drip irrigation belts of 60 m connected drip irrigation belt was studied. It was found that when the head amplitude of drip irrigation was greater than 1 m, there was a sudden change in the attenuation rate of head amplitude along drip irrigation belts. The pulse frequency along drip irrigation belts increases first and then decreases. The design range of the inlet flow of jet tee which can generate pulsed flow on the whole drip irrigation was 0.5-0.8 m3/h. A comparative experiment of steady-pressure drip irrigation and pulsed drip irrigation in the same stage was carried out within the design range of the inlet flow of jet tee. The results show that the head loss of drip irrigation belt in pulse drip irrigation system was reduced by 62.5%-83.3%, which lower than that under steady-state condition. The irrigation uniformity coefficient was increased by 0.6%-0.9%, and the flow deviational coefficient was reduced by 1.2%-4.1%, when compared with that in the ordinary tee joint drip irrgation belt. When the inlet flow is 0.7 m3/h, the irrigation uniformity of drip irrigation belt connected by jet tee was the maximum.
2021 Vol. 39 (3): 300-305 [Abstract] ( 32 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2174KB] ( 472 )
306 Effects of soil bulk density on water and nitrogen transport characteristics under one-dimensional vertical infiltration of muddy water and fertilizer
BAI Rui,FEI Liangjun,*,CHEN Lin,LIU Le,ZHONG Yun,LI Qiaoli
In order to reveal the effect of soil bulk density on water and nitrogen transport characteristics of muddy water and fertilizer infiltration, through the indoor soil column infiltration test, the cumulative infiltration, the wetting front migration distance, soil water content distribution and soil nitrate nitrogen transport characteristics were studied under different soil bulk densities(1.30, 1.35, 1.40, 1.45 g/cm3). The cumulative infiltration was fitted using the Philip infiltration model and capacitive charging empirical model. The relationships of cumulative infiltration and wetting front migration distance with soil bulk density were established, respectively. The results showed that for the same infiltration time the cumulative infiltration reduced with increasing soil bulk density, the higher the soil bulk density, the smaller the wetting front migration distance, and the narrower the distribution range of water and nitrate nitrogen in the wetted body. The cumulative infiltration of muddy water and fertili-zer infiltration conformed to the Philip infiltration model and capacitive charging empirical model. There was a significant power function relationship between wetting front migration distance and infiltration time. After the water supply was stopped, both of the soil water content and nitrate decreased with increasing infiltration depth. As the soil moisture was redistributed, the nitrate nitrogen content in the upper layer gradually decreased, but that in the lower layer gradually increased. After a redistribution for two days, the nitrate nitrogen content peaked near the wetting front, and the distribution of nitrate nitrogen content in the whole wetted body tended to be uniform. The results provide a basic reference for further study on nitrogen transport in the infiltration of muddy water and fertilizer.
2021 Vol. 39 (3): 306-311 [Abstract] ( 32 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1477KB] ( 462 )
312 Experimental study on influence of flow channel structure on hydraulic performance of low-pressure rotary sprinkler
LIU Junping*,LI Tao,ZHANG Qian
In this study, a low-pressure rotary sprinkler was taken as the study object and the geometrical parameters of channel in the sprinkler head were chosen as the experimental factors, including the shape of outlet section, deflection angle of flow channel, were length of passage shape and elevation angle of outlet. An orthogonal array of four factors and three levels was selected to carry out the experiment, measuring the water distribution and flow rate of each sprinkler under the working pressure of 250 kPa, and the range of sprinkler was calculated by the linear interpolation method, the uniformity coefficient was simulated by Matlab under the square arrangement, the influence of geometrical parameters on the hydraulic performance of sprinkler was analyzed. The results show that the spraying uniformity of low-pressure rotary sprinkler which the shape of outlet is circular or inverted U is superior to that of irregular outlet. There is little water of irregular outlet near the sprinkler, mostly concentrating in the center, resulting more water accumulation in the overlapping region of combined sprinkler irrigation. No influence of geometrical parameters change in the flow channel has on the flow rate, and its fluctuation ranges between -0.1 and 0.1 m3/h. The graduations of geometrical parameters which affect the range and spraying uniformity of low-pressure rotary sprinkler were achieved after the orthogonal experiment, which were deflection angle of flow channel, shape of outlet section, elevation angle of outlet and arc length of passage shape. The best geometrical parameters of low-pressure rotary sprinkler were summarized, that is the shape of outlet is circular, deflection angle of flow channel is 4.5°, arc length of passage shape is 29 mm and elevation angle of outlet is 25°.
2021 Vol. 39 (3): 312-317 [Abstract] ( 33 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3407KB] ( 415 )
318 Effect of water distribution on different working conditions for sprinkler irrigation
SHI Yongjie,ZHU Xingye*,HU Guang,ZHANG Aiying,LI Jipeng
To explore the water distribution influenced by different working conditions of fluidic sprinkler, the best sprinkler uniformity was about to achieved. Through the analysis of water distribution data in different combination spacing and pressure, the precipitation intensity was fitted. The Christian-sen and distribution uniformity coefficient were used to calculate the corresponding sprinkler irrigation uniformity. The results show that CU values of square combination sprinkler irrigation decreased with the increase of sprinkler head spacing between 1.0R and 1.4R, and the CU values were all greater than 70%. The proportion of sprinkler intensity in the low-value was higher in square combination than that in the triangle combination under the combination spacing of 1.0R and 1.2R. While the combination spacing of 1.4R was opposite to the above. When the pressure increased from 0.1 MPa to 0.3 MPa, the peak irrigation value in the triangular combination decreased first and then increased with the increase of the pressure. The uniformity of spraying area was improved as increasing working pressure under square combination. The pressure loss did not always reduce the uniformity of sprinkler irrigation. The pressure loss of 10% has little impact on the uniformity of sprinkler irrigation under the pressure of 0.2-0.3 MPa. The triangular combination with 1.4R spacing should be adopted under the installation height of 1.4 m and pressure of 0.25 MPa.
2021 Vol. 39 (3): 318-324 [Abstract] ( 33 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3388KB] ( 562 )
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