Abstract：In the modern political thinking, the relationship between JeanJacques Rousseau and the Enlightenment is the key to understand the thoughts of the Enlightenment and Rousseau. Rousseau criticized the Enlightenment Thought while he was sharing the precondition of the Enlightenment Movement. They shared and disagreed on such issues as environment, association of knowledge with virtue, and religion and thus directed us to the most important aspects of their thoughts. And Rousseaus inquiry of the foundation of virtue caused his social thoughts to follow a different way from others, forging the diversified thoughts on which the modern society is built.
