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Epicardial mapping and ablation for ventricular tachycardia:techniques to optimize success and minimize complications |
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Abstract Epicardial mapping provides essential information to better understand the threedimensionality of ventricular tachycardia circuits. Once epicardial access is obtained, mapping techniques such as multipolar mapping, isochronal late activation mapping and changing wavefronts can help determine essential regions for ablation, while limiting the amount of ablation required. However, successful epicardial mapping and ablation requires clear anatomic understanding to maximize success and minimize complications.
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