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Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engin
 
2024 Vol.42 Issue.6
Published 2024-06-25
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2024 Vol. 42 (6): 1- [Abstract] ( 8 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 21629KB] ( 231 )
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2024 Vol. 42 (6): 2- [Abstract] ( 6 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1091KB] ( 210 )
541 Internal flow field and hydraulic characteristics of two-stage liquid ring compressor
ZHANG Renhui,*,LIU Bowen,GUO Guangqiang,YU Shuainian,ZHENG Zhi,
By using a method that combines numerical simulation and testing, the internal flow field and hydraulic performance of a multi-stage liquid ring compressor under different working conditions as well as different impeller width ratios were compared and analyzed on the 2SY-6 two-stage liquid ring compressor. The analysis of the results shows that the blade load of the second-stage impeller is smaller than that of the primary impeller, so the gas-liquid interface at the outlet of the second-stage impeller is smoother than that of the primary impeller. The reflux intensity of the first-stage impeller suction port area is stronger than that of the second-stage impeller suction port area, and the turbulent kinetic energy of the first-stage impeller suction port area is obviously greater than that of the second-stage impeller. In the equal impeller outer diameter design, the compression ratio of the secondary impeller is far less than that of the primary impeller, and the power capacity of the secondary impeller is lower than that of the primary impeller. As the compression ratio of the inlet and outlet for the primary impeller is relatively large and located on the right side of the efficiency maximum point, the efficiency of the first-stage impeller gradually decreases with the increase of the pump compression ratio, while the compression ratio range of the second-stage impeller includes the maximum point, so its efficiency first increases and then decreases. With the increase of the width of the secondary impeller, the suction capacity gradually increases, and the flow rate of each condition also increases. The efficiency under low compression ratio conditions gradually increases with the decrease of the k value, and the efficiency under high compression ratio conditions increases first and then decreases with the decrease of the k value. The compression ratio of primary and secondary impellers increases with the increase of the pump outlet compression ratio. With the decrease of the width ratio of the primary and secondary impellers, the compression ratio curve of the secondary impeller gradually moves upward, while the compression ratio curve of the primary impeller gradually moves downward. With the increase of pump outlet pressure, the ratio value of the primary impeller compression ratio to the secondary impeller decline tends to flatten; and when the k value is 2.2, the ratio of the compression ratio of the two impellers tends to 1.1.
2024 Vol. 42 (6): 541-547 [Abstract] ( 6 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 15065KB] ( 245 )
548 Effect of blade perforation on performance and internal flow field of electric submersible pump under gas-liquid two-phase conditions
WANG Tong,WANG Jian,SHI Weidong,HAN Yong,ZHOU Ling*
In order to study the internal flow mechanism of the electric submersible pump, so as to improve the gas-liquid mixing performance of the electric submersible pump under high gas content conditions, numerical simulation based on the Eulerian-Eulerian non-homogeneous flow model was carried out to analyze the gas-liquid two-phase flow characteristics before and after the vane perforating. The effect of blade perforation on the performance and internal flow field of the electric submersible pump under the conditions of gas-liquid two-phase flow was investigated.The results show that in pure water environment, the blade perforation reduces the performance of the electric submersible pump under low gas content and small flow rate condition. However, the blade perforation can improve the gas-liquid mixing performance of the electric submersible pump under large flow rate. Blade perforation changes the pressure distribution inside the impeller, so that the average pressure inside the impeller of the electric submersible pump rises, thus improving the flow pattern inside the impeller. Blade perforation also disperses the gas-phase aggregation and makes the gas-distribution more uniform. As a result, the distribution of vortex core in the impeller channel is significantly reduced, which reduces the energy dissipation. This study provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent improvement of the gas-liquid mixing performance of the electric submersible pump.
2024 Vol. 42 (6): 548-555 [Abstract] ( 7 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 15494KB] ( 243 )
556 Method of bidirectional fluid-structure interaction for spiral slit leakage
YE Weidong,WANG Bobo,ZU Haiying*,LI Hengyan,ZHANG Enlai,WANG Xu
A bidirectional fluid-structure interaction simulation method for the leakage mechanism of spiral slit was proposed by using numerical simulation and data fitting method. Using this method, the deviations in the leakage calculation results of the progressing cavity pump(PCP)by the unidirectional fluid-structure interaction method and bidirectional fluid-structure interaction method were compared. The calculation results show that the smaller the gap, the greater the deviation. When the gap is 0.5 mm, the difference between the two results is 20.3%, indicating that the rigid-flexible screw pump spiral slot leakage must be solved using the bidirectional fluid-structure interaction to obtain accurate results. The finite element analysis of the three-dimensional PCP model was carried out by using the bidirectional fluid-structure interaction method. The effects of initial clearance, fluid medium viscosity, single-stage chamber pressure difference, and inlet and outlet pressure on the leakage of PCP were studied. The results show that the leakage increases with the increase of initial clearance and decreases with the increase of viscosity of the fluid medium. The influence of inlet and outlet pressure change on PCP leakage is very small and can be ignored. The pressure difference between the chambers results in the deformation of the rubber stator, which causes the gap to be formed. This sap changes linearly with the increase of the pressure difference. The volumetric efficiency of the PCP with different lifting pressures was calculated by the bidirectional fluid-structure interaction method, and the error was within ±5% when compared with the experimental results.
2024 Vol. 42 (6): 556-561 [Abstract] ( 5 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4003KB] ( 227 )
562 Experimental study on typical faults recurrence in vertical centrifugal pump
HU Siyuan,DONG Liang*,ZHU Jiancheng,CHEN Yudang,CHENG Maosheng
In order to provide experimental and theoretical foundations for diagnosing faults in vertical centrifugal pumps, a simulated test bench for vertical centrifugal pumps was constructed, after which simulated reproduction tests of typical faults in vertical centrifugal pumps were conducted, and the vibration characteristics together with spectrum features of faults such as rotor imbalance, rotor misalignment, as well as loose support connections were analyzed. The results indicate that the vibration displacement signal at the foot of the machine is more sensitive to the vibration characteristics of loose support connections, while the vibration signal of the shaft system is more sensitive to the vibration characteristics of rotor faults. Rotor imbalance faults and rotor misalignment faults exhibit different spectrum features. The spectrum feature of rotor imbalance faults shows an increase in the amplitude of the 1× amplitude power frequency(1APF), and as the fault severity increases, the amplitude gradually decreases. The spectrum feature of rotor misalignment faults shows the generation of a new characte-ristic frequency, which is the 2× amplitude power frequency(2APF), and as the fault severity increases, the signal amplitude gradually increases. Loose support connection faults are manifested by the main frequency in the spectrum shifting to 3× amplitude power frequency(3APF), along with the appearance of new 2APF and 1/2 fractional harmonic frequencies.
2024 Vol. 42 (6): 562-569 [Abstract] ( 8 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 9391KB] ( 170 )
570 Numerical simulation of gas-solid flow characteristics in pressurized bubbling fluidized bed based on CFD-DEM method
LI Yuehuan,ZHU Xiaoli*,WANG Zhenbo,LIU Yibo
Numerical simulation study on a pressurized bubbling fluidized bed was carried out based on a coupled CFD-DEM approach using an open-source software(Mfix)in order to clarify the basic laws of gas-solid two-phase flow in a pressurized bubbling fluidized bed and the influencing mechanism of pressure, which provides useful reference for the design, operation and scale-up of pressurized bubbling fluidized bed reactors in various industrial processes. Firstly, the numerical model was verified by the experimental data from the thin rectangular pressurized bubbling fluidized bed. Based on this, the influence of operating pressure on the minimum critical fluidization velocity of Geldart B-type particles, the particle movement and distribution laws, as well as the bubble size and frequency distribution at different operating pressures were systematically studied. The numerical simulation results show that the minimum fluidization velocity of Geldart B-type particles decreases with the increase of operating pressure in the range of 0.1 MPa to 0.7 MPa, and the minimum fluidization velocity changes more obviously with the increasing pressure under low operating pressure conditions. In addition, as pressure increases, the bubble size decreases, leading to improvement in bed uniformity.
2024 Vol. 42 (6): 570-575 [Abstract] ( 12 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3562KB] ( 231 )
576 Fractal model of mass thermal dispersion coefficient for two-phase flow in porous media
HU Shiwang,ZHANG Sai*,WANG Zhenyi,WANG Xianjun
The fractal theory was used to describe the microscopic pore throat structure of porous media, and the proportion of two-phase fluid in the pore space was studied. The local head loss caused by the secondary flow due to the change of flow state of the fluid passing through the pore throat structure was taken into consideration. Combining the difference in thermal storage capacity of the two-phase fluid along the way, the expression of the velocity dispersion effect and thermal dispersion coefficient of two-phase fluids in the pore space was derived. The research results indicate that when the saturation is less than 0.1 or greater than 0.9, the changes in velocity dispersion and thermal dispersion coefficient of non-wetting phase fluids are less affected by saturation and are only related to the microscopic pore throat structure. When the pore throat ratio is 1, the local head loss is 0, and there is no velocity dispersion effect or thermal dispersion effect; when the pore throat ratio is between 1 and 200, the velocity dispersion effect and thermal dispersion effect change with changes in saturation, pore throat ratio, and fluid physical parameters. When the pore to throat ratio is greater than 200, the change in velocity dispersion effect is not significant, and the influence on thermal dispersion coefficient is no longer significant, which is inconsistent with the conclusion that the velocity dispersion effect is no longer significant when the pore to throat ratio of saturated porous media is 150. The wall temperature is constant. When the pore to throat ratio is greater than 2, the stagnation of the secondary flow near the wall of the pore throat gap leads to an increase in the heating time. The fluid temperature between the pore throat structural gaps is approximately equal to the temperature of the hole wall. The velocity dispersion and thermal dispersion effects are not affected by temperature.
2024 Vol. 42 (6): 576-582 [Abstract] ( 6 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1529KB] ( 216 )
583 Effect of regulating sleeve orifice chamfering on flow field and structure of high-pressure bypass valve
ZHANG Xiao,LIU Dong,YANG Song,ZHANG Tianze*,BAO Nanyu
In order to investigate the influence of chamfer depth and angle of the regulating sleeve throttling hole on the internal flow field and structural reliability of a high-pressure bypass valve, this study conducted numerical calculations and one-way thermo-fluid-solid coupling analysis of the internal flow field of the valve. The results show that after throttling, steam will form shock waves and a series of shock wave trains that disappear at the bottom cover of the secondary throttling sleeve. In addition, the large pressure difference on both sides of the sealing surface of the annular regulating sleeve is the main cause of the sealing surface deformation. Secondly, this study aimed to reduce the deformation of the regulating sleeve sealing surface and investigated the influence of the chamfer angle and depth of the throttling hole on the flow field and sealing surface deformation. The results show that chamfering can significantly reduce the pressure difference and deformation of the sealing surface on both sides of the regulating sleeve. When the chamfer angle is 72.5°, the reduction of shape variable on both sides of the regulating sleeve is 17.06 % and 15.72 %, respectively. This study provides a basis for optimizing valve flow characteristics and reducing valve deformation.
2024 Vol. 42 (6): 583-590 [Abstract] ( 8 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 12414KB] ( 222 )
591 Uniformity of multi-wing centrifugal fan volute
LIU Jiang,SHEN Chungen,LIN Chuansheng
Taking the multi-blade centrifugal fan of the blowing system of a certain model of bathroom heater with the fan as the research object, simulation analysis of the outlet air volume and uniformity of the prototype fan was carried out by ANSYS Fluent 2020 R2. The results show that the error between the simulation and the test is within 5%, which verified the reliability of the CFD numerical simulation method to optimize the volute of the multi-blade centrifugal fan of the bathroom heater. The volute profile was parameterized, and through orthogonal experimental design, the placement angle of volute tongue α, the radius of volute tongue R, the constant of equiangular spiral A(circumferential area of the volute)and the moving distance of fan L(distance between the volute tongue and fan), sixteen groups of parameter combination schemes have been developed and CFD numerical simulation has been carried out. The outlet air volume and uniformity index of each scheme were obtained, and the optimal parameter combination was determined by mean value and range analysis. The numerical results show that the turbulence intensity near the volute tongue of the optimized fan is reduced, and the internal flow is improved. The test results show that the air volume of outlet of the optimized fan increases by 7.3%, the uniformity increases by 4.5%, and the total pressure efficiency increases by 5.9%. The air volume of the outlet and uniformity of wind speed distribution of the multi-blade centrifugal fan also improves significantly. It is significant for improving the heating efficiency and human comfort of the bathroom heater with the fan.
2024 Vol. 42 (6): 591-597 [Abstract] ( 11 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3778KB] ( 203 )
598 Influence of steel fiber type on mechanical properties of basalt fiber concrete
ZHANG Zijian,YAO Zhanquan*,MA Kuaile
In order to investigate the effects of steel fiber types and dosage on the mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC), three types of steel fibers (endhook type, wave type, and copper-plated type) were added to BFRC at steel fiber volume dosage of 0, 0.8%, 1.0%, and 1.2%, respectively. By establishing gray theory GM (1,9) and BP neural network models to predict the compressive strength of concrete and comparing their reliability, and combined with nuclear magnetic resonance testing to test the change patterns of pores in concrete. The results show that with the increase of steel fiber content, the compressive strength of BFRC first increases and then decreases. Among them, the group with the best mechanical properties is the endhook type steel fiber group with a content of 1.0%. The compressive strength at 14 days is 44.51 MPa. Due to surface corrosion of the steel fiber, the compressive strength at 28 days decreases to 43.13 MPa; the gray theory GM (1,9) model and the BP neural network prediction model were established, for which the prediction accuracy of both models met the requirements. However, 〖JP2〗the BP neural network has higher prediction accuracy and better stability, with an average relative error of 3.81%, and the average relative error of the gray theory model is 7.55%. As the volume of steel fiber increases, the proportion of cementitious pores and capillary pores in concrete first increases and then decreases. Therefore, reasonable addition of steel fibers can optimize the pore structure in BFRC and improve its concrete compressive strength.
2024 Vol. 42 (6): 598-604 [Abstract] ( 15 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2345KB] ( 181 )
605 Air cooler hot air temperature prediction based on working condition parameters and improved LSTM
LIU Ping,YUAN Jing,ZHAO Feng,ZHANG Lei,ZHENG Xiaonan*
In view of the low level of intelligence in the water supply systems of traditional pumped storage power station technology and the coupling problem between the temperature of the water supply objects and many parameter variables, a generator air cooler hot air temperature prediction model based on operating condition parameters and improved long short-term memory(LSTM)neural network was established. Firstly, the original data was cleaned to eliminate redundant data. Secondly, the Random Forest(RF)feature dimension reduction method was used to select several high-dimensional measurement point variables involved in the target prediction to verify the correlation between the proposed working parameters and the predicting temperature objects. Finally, these working parameters were keyed into the PSO-LSTM neural network for prediction. The proposed improved LSTM methods based on working condition parameters were compared with the least squares method, BP neural network, and the original LSTM method. The results show that the proposed model can effectively predict the hot air temperature of the generator air cooler. Compared with other models, the prediction error can be reduced by 50%, and it has better prediction stability.
2024 Vol. 42 (6): 605-611 [Abstract] ( 16 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2700KB] ( 180 )
612 Numerical simulation of hydraulic transients in pumped storage power station with unsteady friction
WU Jinyuan,ZHOU Ling*,LIU Deyou
By taking unsteady friction into account, the second-order finite volume method(FVM)Godunov scheme was utilized to undertake numerical simulation in order to investigate the hydraulic transient problem in the pipelines of pumped storage power plants. Firstly, the governing equations of the mathematical model were discretized according to the finite volume method, and the flux was calculated using the Riemann solver. The whole characteristic curves of the unit were transformed by using the improved Suter approach, and the Brunone and TVB unsteady friction models were respectively considered in the calculation. The calculated results of the proposed scheme were compared with that of the steady friction scheme and the measured data, and the corresponding parameter sensitivity analysis was also performed. The results show that the unsteady friction only increases the attenuation of subsequent fluctuations in the pipeline, but has little effect on the initial fluctuations in the pumped storage station pipe network model. In a single pipe, the influence of unsteady friction increases with the shor-tening of valve closing time. Due to the large Reynolds number in pumped storage power station systems, the unsteady friction model has poor applicability and is insensitive to changes in the related physical parameters. This shows that in water transmission projects with large pipe diameters and high flow rates, the impact of dynamic friction can be ignored, but for projects with small pipe diameters and low flow rates, the consideration of dynamic friction is still necessary.
2024 Vol. 42 (6): 612-618 [Abstract] ( 8 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2597KB] ( 184 )
619 Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on growth, yield and quality of tomato in saline-alkali soil
ZHAO Wenju,,CAO Wei,WU Keqian,LI Jiancheng,MA Hong,
In order to improve the quality and efficiency of crops in saline-alkali land, three groups of irrigation levels ［i.e. W1(268 mm), W2(201 mm), and W3(161 mm)］ and three groups of fertilization levels ［i.e.(N-P2O2-K2O, kg/hm2)F1(260-200-220 kg/hm2), F2(208-160-176 kg/hm2), and F3(156-120-132 kg/hm2)］, summing up to 9 groups of coupling treatments were set up. Based on the greenhouse experiment, the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on soil salinity, plant height, stem diameter, root characteristics, yield, and quality of tomatoes cultivated in saline-alkali soil were studied. And the multi-objective optimization model of the genetic algorithm was constructed to determine the optimal water and fertilizer regulation strategy for tomato cultivation in saline-alkali soil. It turns out that compared with CK, the plant height, stem diameter, root characteristics, water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, yield, and quality of tomatoes cultivated in saline-alkali soil have significant advantages. The salt content in the surface soil of the substrate treatment is low, the soil profile of 0-30 cm shows a salt accumulation process, and the soil profile of 30-60 cm shows a desalination process. Through the VIKOR method of AHP-CRITIC subjective and objective combination weighting, the yield and flavor quality of tomatoes were evaluated. The benefit ratio of W3F1 treatment is the smallest, and the yield and quality are the best. Based on the genetic algorithm multi-objective optimization model to solve the Pareto optimal solution, the optimal water and fertilizer coupling strategy for tomato cultivation in saline-alkali soil is determined to be W3F2. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the scientific management of water and fertilizer for high-quality fruits and vegetables in saline-alkali soil.
2024 Vol. 42 (6): 619-626 [Abstract] ( 6 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1640KB] ( 204 )
627 Physiological growth characteristics and yield of maize in black soil areas in response to different straw mulches and fertilizer application rates
LIU Jilong,*,CHEN Junfeng,CAO Xiaoqiang,LI Jizhen,WU Yaoyu,
In order to reveal the influence mechanism of straw cover amount and fertilizer amount on the photosynthetic characteristics of maize in the black soil area of Northeast China, Three kinds of straw coverage(0.5,1.0, and 1.5 times)and 3 kinds of fertilization(80%, 100% and 120%)and conventional fertilization control CK of 10 treatments were set. The changes of photosynthetic characte-ristics such as Pn, Gs, Ci, chlorophyll SPAD value, and growth indicators such as plant height, yield, as well as components of maize leaves under different straw mulch and fertilizer application amounts were studied and analyzed, and the correlation between growth indicators and photosynthetic characte-ristics parameters and yield under each treatment was analyzed. The optimum straw mulching and fertilization mode was selected by the comprehensive index method. The results show that straw mulching and fertilization can improve the Pn, Gs, and chlorophyll SPAD of leaves, and reduce the Ci. Gs increases with straw mulch amount and fertilizer application amount during the whole growth period. Ci increases first and then decreases with the growth period. The overall change trend of chlorophyll is the same as that of Pn, which shows an increasing trend and then a decreasing trend. The maize yield of each treatment increases first and then decreases with the increase of straw mulch amount, and increases with the increase of fertilization amount. Maize yield is 8.9 % - 21.7 % higher than CK treatment except that of the 80 % fertilizer treatment group. The comprehensive index method shows that the straw mulch amount of 8 000 kg/hm2 and the fertilizer amount of 336 kg/hm2 has the best effect on the growth physiology and yield increase of maize.
2024 Vol. 42 (6): 627-632 [Abstract] ( 6 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1808KB] ( 207 )
633 Unidirectional intersection infiltration characteristics of film hole irrigation under influence of multiple factors
FAN Qianwen,FEI Liangjun*,KANG Shouxuan,PENG Youliang,SUN Yunxiang,LIU Nian
In order to study the effects of 4 factors(namely film hole diameter, film hole spacing, initial volume water content of soil and infiltration water head)on the unidirectional intersection infiltration characteristics of film hole irrigation, the reliability of HYDRUS-3D simulated unidirectional intersection infiltration process of film hole irrigation was verified by the infiltration test data of indoor soil box. The unidirectional intersection infiltration process under different pore diameters, pore spacing, initial volume water content of soil, and infiltration head was simulated with HYDRUS-3D. The unidirectional intersection infiltration rules under the coupling conditions of various factors were analyzed, and the empirical models between each influencing factor and cumulative infiltration per unit pore area, intersection time, and intersection surface area were established. The results show that the influen-ce degree of the 4 factors on cumulative infiltration per unit pore area from large to small is pore diameter, initial volume water content of soil, pore spacing, and infiltration head. The degree of influence from large to small on the occurrence time of film pore intersection is as follows: film pore spacing, film pore diameter, initial volume water content of soil, and infiltration water head. At the end of infiltration, the degree of influence on the wet-body area at the intersection surface is as follows: pore diameter, pore spacing, initial volume water content of soil, and infiltration water head. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for determining the optimal combination of film hole irrigation technology elements.
2024 Vol. 42 (6): 633-640 [Abstract] ( 18 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1693KB] ( 233 )
641 Optimization of water and nitrogen application system for cotton yield under mulched drip irrigation in Northern Xinjiang
ZHANG Shuying,ZHANG Jinzhu,*,WANG Zhenhua,WEN Yue,LIU Jian,ZHU Yan,TANG Yupeng,
The effects of irrigation frequency, irrigation amount, as well as nitrogen application rate on the growth, yield, and water use efficiency(WUE)of cotton under mulched drip irrigation were stu-died. The optimal mode of irrigation and its frequency, as well as nitrogen application were explored to provide the scientific basis for water and nitrogen management of cotton under mulched drip irrigation. The experiment was conducted in three irrigation time intervals of 7 days(D1), 10 days(D2), and 13 days(D3). Two irrigation quotas of 4 400 m3/hm2(W1)and 3 300 m3/hm2(W2), as well as two nitrogen application levels of 300 kg/hm2(F1)and 225 kg/hm2(F2)were set in the experiment. Each treatment was repeated 3 times and a total of 12 treatments were conducted. The results show that the plant height of D1 is 2.90% and 7.96% lower than that of D2 and D3, respectively. The leaf area index positively correlates with the irrigation frequency, the leaf area index of D1 is 1.96% and 7.28% higher than that of D2 and D3, respectively. The ratio of bud and boll biomass to above-ground biomass increases with the increase of irrigation frequency.The yield of D1 increases by 3.84% and 11.76% compared with D2 and D3, respectively. The yield of W1 increases by 5.56% compared with W2, and the yield of F1 increases by 13.49% compared with F2. The WUE of D1 is 2.75% and 9.80% higher than that of D2 and D3, respectively, and the WUE of W2 is 22.71% higher than that of W1. The WUE of F1 is 11.37% higher than that of F2. These results indicate that D1 level avoids excessive growth of cotton, improves the development of the cotton population, enhances the photosynthesis and material production capacity of the population, ensures the reproductive growth of above-ground biomass, as well as increases irrigation quota and nitrogen application. The plant height, leaf area index, and above-ground biomass of cotton also increase significantly, thus increasing the cotton yield. In addition, high-frequency water reduction can maintain the appropriate degree of root water and meet the water demand of cotton. High nitrogen can meet the nitrogen demand of cotton growth, reduce water evaporation loss, and improve water use efficiency. Therefore, considering the cotton yield and water use efficiency, it is concluded that the irrigation frequency is 7 days, the irrigation quota is 3 300 m3/hm2, and the nitrogen application rate is 300 kg/hm2 in this study.
2024 Vol. 42 (6): 641-648 [Abstract] ( 6 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1570KB] ( 165 )
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